Objective Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)-evoked kinesthetic information in muscle spindle can be purely extracted from the mixed motor and sensory afferents using Ischemic nerve block(INB).This study aims to investigate the somatosensory cortical response evoked by NMES activating muscle spindle afferents in forearm.Methods All subjects performed four experimental tasks designed according to a 2×2 factors,including one factor of the INB state(without INB and within INB)and the other of the stimulation intensity(above and below motor threshold).During the experiment,we recorded EEG data with 64 channels and then beta event-related desynchronization(Beta ERD)were utilized quantize somatosensory cortical excitability evoked by the tasks.The subjective perception about the sensation and movement of the right hand were evaluated by a psychophysical test after the right wrist was performed by INB.Results INB significantly reduced beta ERD on the contralateral somatosensory cortex evoked by NMES above the motor threshold,and there was significant difference of NMES-evoked beta ERD values on the contralateral somatosensory cortex between above and below motor threshold.Meanwhile,contralateral dominance of NMES-evoked beta ERD on the somatosensory cortex was transferred to ipsilateral hemisphere under INB.Conclusion INB can significantly reduce NMES-evoked somatosensory cortical response above motor threshold and decrease cortical perception on the stimulus intensity,which may be due to INB resulting in rapid functional reorganization of somatosensory cortex.

Immunotherapy drugs are a class of medications that treat diseases by modulating the function of immune system.As frontline therapies in clinical practice,they play a particularly crucial role in alleviating disease symptoms and improving adverse prognoses caused by severe inflammation.In recent years,with the rapid development of internet technology and the continuous innova-tion in the technology industry,various national directives have been issued,urging schools to strengthen online teaching and promote the development of"Internet+education".Online teaching,unaffected by time or geographical constraints,has facilitated resource sharing and stimulated student interest.However,in practice,both singular online or offline teaching models have their drawbacks.This article takes the severe inflammation immunotherapy drugs as an example,integrating the concept of intersubjectivity in teaching to explore a"two-line"teaching mode in immunotherapy drugs.This study views students as the main body of learning,emphasizes the importance of individual learning,and solves the drawbacks of"one-line"teaching mode.Exploration and application of intersubjective"two-line"teaching mode has guiding significance for educational reform in the internet era.

Background::Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a vascular complication after kidney transplantation associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin for preventing TRAS.Methods::After kidney transplantation, patients were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2020 in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. A total of 351 enrolled recipients were randomized to an aspirin group with low-dose intake of aspirin in addition to standard treatment ( n = 178), or a control group with only standard treatment ( n = 173). The patients was initially diagnosed as TRAS (id-TRAS) by Doppler ultrasound, and confirmed cases were diagnosed by DSA (c-TRAS). Results::In the aspirin and control groups, 15.7% (28/178) and 22.0% (38/173) of the recipients developed id-TRAS, respectively, with no statistical difference. However, for c-TRAS, the difference of incidence and cumulative incidence was statistically significant. The incidence of c-TRAS was lower in the aspirin group compared with the control group (2.8% [5/178] vs. 11.6% [20/173], P = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression model identified the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of TRAS over time in two groups, showing that recipients treated with aspirin had a significantly lower risk of c-TRAS than those who were not treated (log-rank P = 0.001, HR = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.62). The levels of platelet aggregation rate ( P < 0.001), cholesterol ( P = 0.028), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.003) in the aspirin group were decreased compared with the control group in the third-month post-transplantation. For the incidence of adverse events, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion::Clinical application of low-dose aspirin after renal transplant could prevent the development of TRAS with no significant increase in adverse effects.Trial Registration::Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04260828.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) is an important intracellular channel for releasing Ca²⁺. In order to investigate the effects of the ITPR1 overexpression on Ca²⁺ concentration and lipid content in duck uterine epithelial cells and its effects on calcium transport-related genes, the structural domain of ITPR1 gene of duck was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector and transfected into duck uterine epithelial cells. The overexpression of the ITPR1 gene, the concentration of Ca²⁺, the lipid content, and the expression of other 6 calcium transport-related genes was determined. The results showed that the concentration of Ca²⁺ in uterine epithelial cells was significantly reduced after transfection (P<0.05), the triglyceride content was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the high-density lipoprotein content was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The correlation analysis results showed that the overexpression of the C-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene was significantly positively correlated with the total cholesterol content (P<0.01), which was significantly positively correlated with the low-density lipoprotein content (P<0.05). The overexpression of the N-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene was significantly positively correlated with the triglyceride content (P<0.01), which was significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of Ca²⁺ (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results of 6 calcium transport-related genes showed that the overexpression of the C-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene significantly inhibited the expression of the IP3R2, VDAC2 and CAV1 genes, and the overexpression of the N-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene significantly promoted the expression of the IP3R3 and CACNA2D1 genes. In conclusion, the ITPR1 gene overexpression can promote Ca²⁺ release in duck uterus epithelial cells, promote the synthesis of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, and inhibit the production of high-density lipoprotein, and the ITPR1 gene overexpression affected the expression of all 6 calcium transport-related genes.
Animals ; Calcium/metabolism* ; Ducks/genetics* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Inositol ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Lipids ; Uterus

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of posteromedial approach through anterior border of tibialis posterior tendon combined with posterolateral approach in open reduction and internal fixation of Klammer type II/III posterior pilon variant fracture.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 37 patients with posterior pilon variant fracture treated by posteromedial approach through anterior border of tibialis posterior tendon combined with posterolateral approach in Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and its Liyang branch between January 2015 and December 2019. There were 17 males and 20 females, aged 25-65 years［（49.5±9.3）years］. Klammer classification was type II in 20 patients and type III in 17 patients. The quality of fracture reduction, incision healing and postoperative complications were observed. The loss of fracture reduction or implant failure was detected during the follow-up. The fracture union time was recorded. At the final follow-up, the residual pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale（VAS）and the ankle function by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society（AOFAS）ankle-hindfoot score.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-20 months［（15.6±1.2）months］. An anatomic fracture reduction was observed in all patients, showing the incision healing by first intention. No skin necrosis, posteromedial neurovascular bundle injury, deep venous thrombosis, checkrein deformity or other complications occurred. During the follow-up, there was no reduction loss or implant failure. The fracture healing time ranged from 11 to 16 weeks［（13.2±1.4）weeks］. At the final follow-up, the VAS was decreased from 6-9 points［（8.0±0.8）points］preoperatively to 0-2 points［（1.2±0.6）points］（ P<0.01）. At the final follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score ranged from 80 to 100 points［（89.7±4.6）points］, which showed excellent results in 15 patients and good in 22 patients, with the excellence rate of 100%. Conclusion:The posteromedial approach through anterior border of tibialis posterior tendon combined with posterolateral approach in open reduction and internal fixation of Klammer type II/III posterior pilon variant fracture can achieve good fracture reduction, with low incidence of complications, pain relief and satisfactory ankle function recovery.

Stearoyl-CoAdesaturase-1 (SCD-1) is a key regulator of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. It plays a vital role in lipid synthesis and metabolism. Ca²⁺ is an important cation in the body and plays an important role in the organism. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation of SCD-1 gene overexpression with lipid indexes and calcium ion level. The pcDNA3.1 (+) + SCD-1 +Flag eukaryotic expression vector and cultured duck uterine epithelial cells were co-transfected. The overexpression of SCD-1 gene was measured using the Flag Label Detection Kit. Ca ions and lipid contents were detected through Fluo-3/AM Calcium Ion Fluorescence Labeling method and Lipid Measuring Kit, respectively. SCD-1 gene overexpression was negatively correlated with triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and positively correlated with Ca ion, total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Meanwhile, Ca ion was positively correlated with TG, LDL-C and HDL-C contents, and negatively correlated with TC and VLDL-C levels. Overexpression of SCD-1 gene could regulate Ca ion secretion, as well as lipid synthesis and transport in duck uterine epithelial cells.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Coenzyme A Ligases ; genetics ; Ducks ; Epithelial Cells ; chemistry ; enzymology ; Gene Expression ; Ions ; Lipids ; genetics ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from various cellular sources and are widely present in body fluids. Bioactive substances such as microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins are encapsulated in exosomes, which can activate various signaling pathways and play important roles in early warning of stroke and neurovascular unit repair. This article reviews the signal transduction of exosomes in cerebral ischemia.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted lateral lymph node dissection for mid-low advanced rectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) age between 18 and 80 years old; (2) rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by pathology; (3) without distant metastasis by preoperative CT or MRI; (4) patients underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal resection (TME). Exclusion criteria: (1) conversion to open surgery; (2) multiple primary tumors; (3) patients underwent combined multiple organ resection. According to the above criteria, 137 patients undergoing robotic-assisted mid-low rectal cancer resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from December 2016 to April 2019 were enrolled. Ninety-seven cases underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision (TME group) and 40 underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal resection with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) (TME+LLND group, pelvic LLND was performed with neurovascular guidance to retain pelvic autonomic nerves in the order of the left side the first and then the right side). The propensity score matching of 1:1 was performed with R software, based on age, sex, BMI, ASA classification, distance from tumor to the anal verge, preoperative chemoradiotherapy history, preoperative abdominal surgery history, the size of tumors and TNM stage. The operative indicators, postoperative recovery, pathology and postoperative complications within 30 days were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 72 cases were successfully matched (36 in each group), and there were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time of TME+LLND group was significantly longer than that of TME group [275.0 (180-405) minutes vs. 220.0 (140-320) minutes, Z=-3.680, P<0.001], while there were no statistically significant differences in blood loss during operation, time to postoperative first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, total hospital cost, tumor differentiation, and distal resection length of margin (all P>0.05). Circumferential resection margin was all negative in both groups. The number of harvested lymph modes in the TME+LLND groups was higher than that in the TME group [26 (18-37) vs. 14 (9-36), Z=-6.407, P<0.001]. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative morbidity and Clavien-Dindo classification of complication within 30 days between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusions:Although robotic lateral lymph node dissection requires longer operation time, it is a feasible, safe and effective procedure.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted lateral lymph node dissection for mid-low advanced rectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) age between 18 and 80 years old; (2) rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by pathology; (3) without distant metastasis by preoperative CT or MRI; (4) patients underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal resection (TME). Exclusion criteria: (1) conversion to open surgery; (2) multiple primary tumors; (3) patients underwent combined multiple organ resection. According to the above criteria, 137 patients undergoing robotic-assisted mid-low rectal cancer resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from December 2016 to April 2019 were enrolled. Ninety-seven cases underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision (TME group) and 40 underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal resection with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) (TME+LLND group, pelvic LLND was performed with neurovascular guidance to retain pelvic autonomic nerves in the order of the left side the first and then the right side). The propensity score matching of 1:1 was performed with R software, based on age, sex, BMI, ASA classification, distance from tumor to the anal verge, preoperative chemoradiotherapy history, preoperative abdominal surgery history, the size of tumors and TNM stage. The operative indicators, postoperative recovery, pathology and postoperative complications within 30 days were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 72 cases were successfully matched (36 in each group), and there were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time of TME+LLND group was significantly longer than that of TME group [275.0 (180-405) minutes vs. 220.0 (140-320) minutes, Z=-3.680, P<0.001], while there were no statistically significant differences in blood loss during operation, time to postoperative first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, total hospital cost, tumor differentiation, and distal resection length of margin (all P>0.05). Circumferential resection margin was all negative in both groups. The number of harvested lymph modes in the TME+LLND groups was higher than that in the TME group [26 (18-37) vs. 14 (9-36), Z=-6.407, P<0.001]. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative morbidity and Clavien-Dindo classification of complication within 30 days between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusions:Although robotic lateral lymph node dissection requires longer operation time, it is a feasible, safe and effective procedure.

Objective: To evaluate combined robotic and endoscopic surgery in the third space for gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs). Methods: Combined surgery in 4 patients were compared with 19 patients who underwent laparoscopic wedge resection between Aug 2017 and Feb 2018. Results: R₀ resection was achieved in all combined surgery patients. The operation time was longer (112±29 )min vs. (93±11 ) min (t=2.338, P<0.05), but less blood loss, (11±6)ml vs.(59±6)ml (t=15.102, P<0.01). In combined surgery group, there was a larger tumor over resected tissue percentage, 65.4%±28.2% vs.22.8%±19.6% ( t=3.680, P<0.05). Combined surgery group patients were with earlier first breaking wind (3±1.4) d vs.(4.1±0.9) d (t=2.026, P>0.05), and shorter hospital stay (6.5±1.3) d vs.( 8.5±0.6) d (t=4.902, P<0.01), but a little higher hospitalization costs(57 651±10 097)rmb vs.(42 620±5 086)rmb (t=4.508, P<0.01). There were no major postoperative complications occurred in neither groups, nor tumor recurrences after 3-month follow-up. Conclusion Combined robotic and endoscopic surgery in the third space for submucosal gastric tumors is a novel operation with short operation time, less blood loss and good result.