Dyskeratosis Congenita/genetics* ; Enterocolitis/genetics* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Microcephaly/genetics*

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy*

Abetalipoproteinemia ; Cilia ; Humans ; Kartagener Syndrome

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of a vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model in 0-10 year Chinese pediatric patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, data from hospitalized children ≤ 10 years of age who receiving vancomycin were collected retrospectively. Individual predictive values (IPRED) were estimated by Bayesian Analysis based on a previous published population pharmacokinetic model, and compared with the observed steady state trough concentration. As results, a total of 371 vancomycin serum concentrations from 191 patients were taken for the external validation. The mean error (ME), the mean relative prediction error (ME%), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) in individual prediction method for the total patients were -0.50 mg·L^-1, 6.03%, 1.84 mg·L^-1, 2.86 mg·L^-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient between individual predictions and detection values was 0.95. The stability and the predictive performance of model were accepted by goodness-of-fit, visual predictive check (VPC) and Bland-Altman. The percentage of individual prediction error within ± 30% was 82.75%. The above results suggest that, this Chinese pediatric population pharmacokinetic model in 0-10 years old has a good prediction performance. It can be applied to the design of initial treatment plan and predicting the extent of drug exposure.

The research on the immunoregulatory effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in infectious diseases mainly focuses on chronic viral infection, but there are few studies on acute viral infection. In chronic viral infection, PD-1 is highly expressed on the surface of CD8T cells, which is a sign of CD8T cell depletion. Recent studies have shown that in chronic viral infection, PD-1 is also highly expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells and binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of exhausted CD8T cells, resulting in a stronger inhibitory effect on CD8T cell immunity. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway between exhausted CD8T cells and regulatory T cells can significantly reverse the depletion of CD8T cells and greatly improve the antiviral effect of CD8T cells. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in acute viral infection remains unknown. This article summarizes the latest research on PD-1 in infectious diseases and discusses its role in acute and chronic viral infection.

Infectious diseases can be caused by multiple pathogens, which can produce specific immune response in human body. The immune response produced by T cells is cellular immunity, which plays an important role in the anti-infection process of human body, and can participate in immunological protection and cause immunopathology. The outcome of various infectious diseases is closely related to cellular immune function, especially the function of T cells. Jurkat cells belong to the human acute T lymphocyte leukemia cell line. Jurkat cell model can simulate the function T lymphocytes, so it is widely used in the in vitro studies of T cell signal transduction, cytokines, and receptor expression, and can provide reference and guidance for the treatment of various infectious diseases and the research on their pathogenesis. The Jurkat cell model has been widely used in the in vitro studies of viral diseases and atypical pathogens, but parasitic infection studies using the Jurkat cell model are still rare. This article reviews advances in the application of Jurkat cell model in the research on infectious diseases.
Communicable Diseases ; immunology ; Deltaretrovirus Infections ; immunology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; immunology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the proportion of Tc17 cells in the lungs of mice with neutrophilic(NEU) asthma, and to investigate the role of Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of NEU asthma.

METHODSThirty-two C57/B6 mice of clean grade were randomly divided into two groups: NEU asthma and control. The mice in the NEU asthma group were sensitized by airway instillation of ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and challenged with an aerosol of OVA, while those in the control group were sensitized and challenged with normal saline. At 24 hours after the final challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and the total number and differential counts of nucleated cells and percentage of each type were determined. The lung tissues were separated and hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of lungs; flow cytometry was applied to determine the percentages of Tc17 and Th17 cells in the lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in BALF.

RESULTSThe NEU asthma group had a significantly higher total number of nucleated cells, a significantly higher percentage of eosinophils, and a significantly higher percentage of neutrophils in BALF than the control group (P<0.01). The NEU asthma group also had significantly higher percentages of Tc17 and Th17 cells than the control group (P<0.01). In the NEU asthma group, the percentage of Tc17 cells was positively correlated with that of Th17 cells (P<0.05). The NEU asthma group had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-17 in BALF than the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of Tc17 cells in the lung tissues increases in mice with NEU asthma, and the increased number of Tc17 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of NEU asthma. Tc17 cells may play an important role in NEU asthma through IL-17.

Animals ; Asthma ; genetics ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-17 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Mice ; Th17 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) on central facial nerve paralysis after ischemic stroke, and explore dose-effect relationship among different stimulation intensities of acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) as well as its optimal treatment plan.

METHODSAccording to different acupuncture stimulation intensities which were based on treatment time and needle insertion direction, fifty patients were randomly divided into a Hegu 1 group, a Hegu 2 group, a Hegu 3 group, a Hegu 4 group and a control group, ten cases in each one. Different stimulation intensities of acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) combined with facial paralysis acupoints, including Yingxiang (LI 20), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6) and Quanliao (SI 18), were applied in Hegu 1 to 4 groups; meanwhile acupuncture at stroke acupoints, including Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and medication treatment were adopted. Except acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4), the treatment of the control group was identical as Hegu groups. The treatment duration lasted for 14 days. The House-Brackmann facial never grading systems (H-B), Toronto facial grading system (TFGS), degrees of facial never paralysis (DFNP), facial disability index (FDI) and clinical efficacy were compared among groups.

RESULTS(1) Compared before the treatment, H-B, TFGS, DFNP and physical function score in FDI were all improved significantly in the Hegu 1 to 4 groups (all P < 0.05), but social function score in FDI was not obviously improved (all P > 0.05); all the scores in the control group were not evidently changed (all P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, differences of H-B before and after treatment in the Hegu 1 to 4 groups, differences of TFGS in the Hegu 2 group and differences of DFNP in the Hegu 1 and Hegu 2 group were significantly improved (all P < 0.05). The differences of any scale among Hegu 1 to 4 groups were not significant (all P > 0.05), in which the most evident change was found in Hegu 2 group. (3) The total effective rate was 90.0% (9/10), 100.0% (10/10), 90.0% (9/10) and 80.0% (8/10) in Hegu 1 to 4 groups, which were significantly higher than 60.0% (6/10) in the control group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) has affirmative clinical efficacy on central facial nerve paralysis after ischemic stroke, in which oblique insertion along the opposite direction of meridian for 5 s of twirling manipulation has the best clinical effect.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Paralysis ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

OBJECTIVETo explore efficacy of imatinib for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) and its resistance-related factors during the treatment.

METHODSThe clinical data of 214 CML patients received imatinib were analyzed respectively in our hospital from April 2005 to December 2010. The therapy history and efficacy of regular follow-up and factors influencing drug resistance were analyzed. COX regression analysis was used to perform the univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTSUntil the end of follow up, thirty-one patients (14.5%) occurred drug resistance. One of them was in accelerated phase(AP), and two in blast phase(BP); 69.2% of patients achieved a complete cytogenetic response(CCyR), and 31.3% of patients achieved a major molecular response(MMR). COX analysis was performed in 207 chronic phase(CP) patients. Univariate analysis showed that the course of disease before treatment, the hemoglobin count, the white blood cell count, whether achieved CCyR or not and whether achieved MMR or not were the influencing factors for imatinib resistance. Multivariate analysis showed that whether achieved CCyR or not was the independent factor for drug resistance.

CONCLUSIONWhether achieved CCyR or not is an independent factor and also a protective factor for imatinib resistance in patients with CML.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult