Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a sensitive, simple and rapid detection method for African swine fever virus (ASFV) B646L gene. METHODS: A recombinase-aided amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) assay was developed in this study. Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) is used to amplify template DNA, and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) is used to interpret the results after the amplification is completed. The lower limits of detection and specificity of the RAA assay were verified using recombinant plasmid and pathogenic nucleic acid. In addition, 30 clinical samples were tested to evaluate the performance of the RAA assay. RESULTS: The RAA-LFD assay was completed within 15 min at 37 °C, including 10 min for nucleic acid amplification and 5 minutes for LFD reading results. The detection limit of this assay was found to be 200 copies per reaction. And there was no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses. CONCLUSION A highly sensitive, specific, and simple RAA-LFD method was developed for the rapid detection of the ASFV.
African Swine Fever/virology* ; African Swine Fever Virus/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods* ; Recombinases/chemistry* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine ; Viral Proteins/genetics*

The Leguminosae perennial vines of Callerya and Millettia have many species and wide distribution， not only can be used for medicines， but also they have ornamental and insecticidal effects. With increasing demand for Spatholobi Caulis， and the reserves of wild medicinal materials are on the verge of exhaustion， resulting in the increasing number of mixtures and substitutes in the market， which makes it urgent to study the origin of Spatholobi Caulis. By referring to related literature， there are three major origins of Spatholobi Caulis， including Callerya， Millettia and Spatholobus. Callerya is separated from Millettia， they are divided and united for many times， now the official website of Flora of China has accepted the revision of them as two genera. This paper intends to compare the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Callerya and Millettia， aiming to explore the similarities and differences between the two genera， so as to determine the rationality and necessity of separating Callerya from Millettia. After comparing， it was found that the chemical composition and pharmacodynamic effects of the two genera were different， which supported the separation of Callerya from Millettia， and it was not recommended to mix use of them.

Objective To develop a rapid, highly sensitive quantitative method for detecting P24 antigen based on near-infrared fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography.Methods First, we prepared a lateral flow assay test strip, and labeled the detection antibody using a fluorescent microsphere. Second, we optimized the antibody labeling conditions. Third, we optimized the detection conditions. Fourth, we created a working curve. Fifth, we conducted a methodological assessment of the established fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography method. Sixty-six clinical samples were tested, and we compared the established fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography with the quantitative ELISA method. Results According to the working curve, the detection limit of the method is 3.4 pg/mL, and the detection range is 3.4 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL. The average intra-assay recovery was 99.6％, and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) was 5.4％–8.6％; the average inter-assay recovery was 97.3％, and the CV was 8.5％–11％. The detection rate of fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography was higher than ELISA method, and had a good correlation with ELISA. Conclusion The P24 antigen quantitative detection method based on near-infrared fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography has the advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity, and wide detection range; thus, it is suitable for early clinical diagnosis and continuous monitoring of AIDS.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between SCN1A rs3812718 polymorphism and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), and to provide potential molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of GEFS+.

METHODSThe iPLEX technique in the MassARRAY system was used to determine SCN1A rs3812718 polymorphism, genotype frequency, and allele frequency in 50 patients with GEFS+ and 50 healthy controls.

RESULTSAs for the frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes in SCN1A rs3812718, there was a significant difference in the frequency of TT genotype between the GEFS+ group and the control group (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the frequency of T allele between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with those carrying CC genotype or C allele, the individuals with CT genotype , TT genotype or T allele had a higher risk of developing GEFS+ (CT/CC: OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.04-15.69; TT/CC: OR=30.60, 95%CI: 6.46-144.85; T/C: OR=4.64, 95%CI: 2.54-8.48).

CONCLUSIONSSCN1A rs3812718 polymorphism is a risk factor for GEFS+, and the population carrying T allele may have an increased risk of GEFS.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Insulin ; Mutation

[Objective]To investigate the efficacy and safety of ALA-PDT following CO2laser preconditioning for recal-citrant plantar warts.[Methods]Patients with recalcitrant plantar warts were enrolled in this study,and received ALA-PDT treatment following CO2laser preconditioning. Cure rate and side effects were observed.[Results]Twenty patients were en-rolled and 85%(17/20)showed complete clearance of plantar warts after one to three times of ALA-PDT. PDT treatment time was once in two patients(10%),twice in five patients(25%)while three times in 10 patients(50%).No infection or scar tissue was observed.Five(25%)patients were infected with one type of HPV,while 15(75%)patients with two or mul-tiple types of HPV. No difference was observed in complete clearance rate between patients with single or multiple HPV gen-otypes infection.[Conclusions]Superpulse carbon dioxide laser pretreatment enhanced the efficacy of ALA-PDT treatment on recalcitrant plantar warts.Further study is needed to determine the association of HPV genotype with outcome of recalci-trant plantar warts.

OBJECTIVEIn previous studies, we immunized mice with Ebola recombinant protein vaccine and gene vector vaccine. Both stimulated high levels of humoral immunity. In this work, we constructed a pseudovirus containing Ebola membrane proteins to verify whether the two immunization strategies can induce neutralizing antibodies in mice.

METHODSA pseudovirus containing an Ebola virus membrane protein based on the HIV-1 viral gene sequence was constructed and evaluated using a known neutralizing antibody. The titer of the neutralizing antibody in the sera of mice immunized with the recombinant protein and the gene vector vaccine was examined using a neutralization test.

RESULTSEbola pseudovirus was successfully prepared and applied for neutralizing antibody detection. Immunological experiments showed that recombinant protein GP-Fc and gene vaccine pVR-modGP-Fc had good immunogenicity. The titer of the bound antibody in the serum after 8 weeks of immunization in mice was more than 1:105, and the recombinant protein induced greater humoral immunity. The results of the neutralization test based on the Ebola pseudovirus system demonstrated that both vaccines induced production of protective antibodies, while the gene vaccine induced a higher titer of neutralizing antibodies.

CONCLUSIONAn Ebola pseudovirus detection system was successfully established and used to evaluate two Ebola vaccines. Both produced good immunogenicity. The findings lay the foundation for the development of new Ebola vaccines and screening for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015,and to explore the current epidemic situation of HFMD so as to master the trend thereof.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was applied in analyzing and statistics for the monitored data of HFMD in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015.Results A total of 11 239 cases of HFMD were reported in Yangpu District from 2006 to 2015, which peaked from April to July.Among the 11 communities of Yangpu District, Jiangpu community and Yinhang community were the ones with more cases.The main patients were kindergarten kids below five years of age as well as children living separately in this area.The relevant results of etiological detection from 2010 to 2015 showed that the rate of patients infected by enteroviruses other than enterovirus EV71 and enterovirus CA16 rose constantly and exceeded the rate of EV71-and CA16-infected patients.Conclusion The HFMD in Yangpu District had distinct seasonal features as well as features of resident crowds.It is recommended that relevant monitoring and preventive work should be done for susceptible children during peak onsets thereof.