Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Chinese Children's Cancer Group-ALL-2015 protocol was carried out in China, and epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with VTE were analyzed. We collected data on VTE in a multi-institutional clinical study of 7640 patients with ALL diagnosed in 20 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. First, VTE occurred in 159 (2.08%) patients, including 90 (56.6%) during induction therapy and 108 (67.92%) in the upper extremities. T-ALL had a 1.74-fold increased risk of VTE (95% CI 1.08-2.8, P = 0.022). Septicemia, as an adverse event of ALL treatment, can significantly promote the occurrence of VTE (P < 0.001). Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) accounted for 75.47% (n = 120); and, symptomatic VTE, 58.49% (n = 93), which was more common in patients aged 12-18 years (P = 0.023), non-CRT patients (P < 0.001), or patients with cerebral thrombosis (P < 0.001). Of the patients with VTE treated with anticoagulation therapy (n = 147), 4.08% (n = 6) had bleeding. The VTE recurrence rate was 5.03% (n = 8). Patients with VTE treated by non-ultrasound-guided venous cannulation (P = 0.02), with residual thrombus (P = 0.006), or with short anticoagulation period (P = 0.026) had high recurrence rates. Thus, preventing repeated venous puncture and appropriately prolonged anticoagulation time can reduce the risk of VTE recurrence.
Humans ; Child ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology* ; East Asian People ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis/chemically induced* ; China/epidemiology* ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Recurrence

Ureteral stenosis is a comparatively rare complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The etiology is still unclear and most believe that this may be due to the reactivation of BK virus in a state of immunodeficiency. In the later stages of ureteral stenosis with scarring, invasive interventions must be taken to relieve the hydronephrosis. Common treatments, such as D-J stent placement and permanent nephrostomy may not only entail the risk of infection, but also seriously affect the quality of life. Few cases of surgical intervention have been reported. In this article, a 25-year-old female was admitted to Peking University First Hospital suffering from recurrent flank pain. Seven years before, she developed hemorrhagic cystitis and bilateral urethritis 40 days after allogeneic HSCT. After continuous bladder irrigation and antiviral therapy, the left-sided hydronephrosis gradually alleviated while the right-sided one did not improve. D-J stents were used for urine drainage for 7 years before percuta-neous nephrostomy. Preoperative antegrade pyelography revealed significant hydronephrosis in the right kidney with long stricture of proximal-middle ureter. After comprehensive decision, she underwent ileal ureter replacement. The operation was successful. The segmental lesion was dissected and the scar tissue was removed. A 25 cm intestinal tube was isolated to connect the pelvis and bladder. An anti-reflux nipple was created at the distal end of ileal ureter to prevent the potential infection. The blood loss was minimal. After surgery, the drainage tube was removed in 2 weeks, the nephrostomy tube and the D-J stent was removed in 3 months. Follow-up mainly included clinical assessment, serologic testing, renal ultrasonography, blood gas analysis and radiological examination. During the follow-up of 6 years, she was symptom-free and no postoperative complications occurred. The serum creatinine level was stable. No hydronephrosis was observed under ultrasonography. Obvious peristaltic waves and ureteral jets of the ileal ureter was confirmed on cine magnetic resonance urography. To sum up, ureteral stenosis after HSCT is relatively rare. Obstruction caused by scarring is usually irreversible and surgical intervention should be designed according to the location and length of the lesion. Ileal ureter replacement can be a safe, feasible and effective method to solve this kind of complex stricture.
Adult ; Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic/etiology* ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Ureter/surgery* ; Ureteral Obstruction/surgery*

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of preoperative three-dimensional image reconstruction in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). METHODS: We reviewed data on 40 patients (22 male cases, and 18 female cases) diagnosed with UPJO in Peking University First Hospital from May 2017 to April 2019. The median age was 26.5 years (IQR 23.25-38.75) years. There were 11 patients complicated with ectopic vessels, 14 patients with kidney stones, 3 patients with horseshoe kidney, and 6 patients with obstruction after pyeloplasty. All the patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT scan, and the CT data were reconstructed into three-dimensional image models. The obstruction position of ureteropelvic junction and the relationship between ureteropelvic junction and blood vessels and organs were observed by three-dimensional models to assist planning surgery. Thirty-seven patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty (including 3 cases combined with pyelolithotomy with flexible cystoscope, 1 case combined with pyelolithotomy by sun-style cystoscope, 1 case with laparoscopic ureter resection and anastomosis, 3 cases of laparoscopic pyeloplasty of horseshoe kidney), 2 patients underwent laparoscopic ventral onlay lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty, and 1 patient underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty. RESULTS: Three-dimensional CT image clearly showed the relationship between the obstruction of ureteropelvic junction and blood vessels and organs after three-dimensional reconstruction. The type, diameter, position and direction of the ectopic vessels could be observed clearly before operation according to the three-dimensional reconstruction model, and the number, size, location and shape of renal calculi or other masses, the number of involved renal calyces and the anatomical distribution in the renal pelvis and calyces could be also evaluated preoperatively. After comprehensive analysis of the above information, individualized operation plans were performed on the patients, all the 40 cases were successfully completed with the surgery without any transfer to open surgery. The average operative time was (129.91±37.90) min (range: 75 to 273), the average blood loss was (48.1±78.0) mL (range: 10 to 400), the average hospitality was (5.04±1.99) d (range: 2 to 10), and the average postoperative drainage time was (3.8±1.4) d (range: 2 to 8). CONCLUSION The preoperative three-dimensional image reconstruction has a high clinical value in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and it is of great help to assist surgery planning and is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Kidney Pelvis ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Obstruction/diagnostic imaging* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the relationship between self-reported chronic disease and smoking behavior among adult males in Jiangsu Province. Methods In 2007, 2010, and 2013 respectively, a multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select residents from 14 adult chronic diseases and their risk factor surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of chronic diseases, smoking and smoking cessation behaviors among men aged 18 to 69 years. Results A total of 8 313 men aged 18 to 69 years had a self-reported prevalence of 1.5%, 1.1%, 1.5%, and 2.8% for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively.The self-reported prevalence of all four chronic diseases was higher in ex-smokers than in current smokers and non-smokers (all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the quit rate was of those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies, asthma, and COPD, respectively 3.356 times (95% CI: 1.966-5.728), 3.864 times (95% CI: 2.277-6.555), 2.103 times (95% CI: 1.321-3.345), and 2.586 times (95% CI: 1.872-3.573) higher, than those without. Conclusion Smoking cessation rates were significantly higher of those with chronic disease than those without, suggesting that illness would promote smoking cessation behaviors among smokers.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of preoperative anemia on the prognosis of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy. METHODS: Clinicopathological and prognosis data on 686 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU at Peking University First Hospital between January 2000 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative anemia was defined as hemoglobin <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women based on the World Health Organization classification. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was applied to estimate the effect of anemia on survival. The associations of clinicopathologic features with overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS: There were 303(44.2%, 303/686) male and 383(55.8%, 383/686) female patients, and the median age was 68 years (interquartile range: 60-74 years). In all, 320 (46.6%, 320/686) patients were anemic before surgery. The median follow-up duration was 47 months. In all, 160 (23.3%) patients died, 141 (20.6%) died of cancer and 19 (2.7%) died of other disease or accidents. Preoperative anemia was associated with gender (P=0.002), age (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P=0.026), increased tumor grade (P=0.018), concomitant carcinoma in situ (P=0.038), tumor necrosis (P=0.007) and poor renal function (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, overall mortality was correlated with pre-operative anemia (P<0.001), gender (P=0.009), hydronephrosis (P=0.024), tumor stage (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P<0.001), tumor grade (P<0.001), tumor architecture(P<0.001), sarcomatoid differentiation (P=0.013), history of ureteroscope (P=0.033) and tumor hemorrhage (P<0.001); cancer-specific mortality was correlated with preoperative anemia (P=0.001), gender (P=0.001), hydronephrosis (P=0.043), tumor stage (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P<0.001), tumor grade (P<0.001), tumor architecture (P<0.001), sarcomatoid differentiation (P=0.016), history of ureteroscope (P=0.028) and tumor hemorrhage (P=0.003). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that preoperative anemia was an independent prognositic predictor for overall mortality (P<0.001, HR=1.861) and cancer-specific mortality (P=0.003, HR=1.688). CONCLUSION The preoperative anemia is an independent risk factor for cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Hemoglobin levels should be considered during patient counseling and in decision-making for further therapy.
Aged ; Anemia ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Nephroureterectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urologic Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVETo explore the long-term prognosis and health-related quality of life of patients surviving hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).

METHODSThe clinical data were collected from patients with HBV-ACLF, who were hospitalized in our department between November, 2011 and October, 2016 and survived for more than 90 days. The patients were followed for occurrence of newly diagnosed cirrhosis, decompensation events, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. The quality of life of the patients was evaluated using SF-36 score, and the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis treated during the same period served as controls.

RESULTSA total of 223 ACLF survivors were included in this study. According to the presence of cirrhosis on admission, the enrolled patients were divided into chronic hepatitis B-related ACLF (CHB-ACLF) group (n=130) and liver cirrhosis ACLF (CIR-ACLF) group (n=93). The 12-, 24- and 50-month survival rates in CHB-ACLF group were 97%, 95.7% and 93.9%, respectively, significantly higher than the rates in CIR-ACLF group (91%, 86% and 74%, respectively; P=0.007). In patients with CHB-ACLF, the 12-, 24- and 36-month progression rates of cirrhosis were 37.9%, 58.4% and 68.7% respectively. Multivariate Cox regression identified the peak value of serum creatinine (HR=1.015, P=0.026) and INR (HR=2.032, P=0.006) within 28 days as independent risk factors and serum sodium at baseline (HR=0.84, P=0.035) as an independent protective factor of occurrence of cirrhosis. The score of mental health on SF-36 in ACLF group was significantly lower than the national norms, and the scores for general health and body pain of ACLF patients were significantly higher than those in patients with CHB or cirrhosis.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term prognosis of ACLF survivors with and without cirrhosis can be different. Acute attacks are associated with an increased rate of cirrhosis progression in CHB patients who recovered from ACLF, possibly in relation with the severity of extra-hepatic organ injuries. The physical and social functions of long-term survivors of ACLF do not significantly decline, but their psychological status can be affected.

PURPOSE: Conditional survival (CS) provides important information on survival for a period of time after diagnosis. Currently, information on CS patterns of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking. We aimed to analyze survival rate over time and estimate CS for NPC patients using a national population-based registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with NPC between 1973 and 2007 with at least 5-year follow-up were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registry. Traditional survival rates and crude CS estimateswere calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk-adjusted survival curves were plotted from the proportional hazards model using the correct group prognosis method. RESULTS: For 7,713 patients analyzed, adjusted baseline 5-year overall survival improved significantly from 36.0% in patients diagnosed in 1973-1979, 41.7% in 1980-1989, 46.6% in 1990-1999, to 54.7% in 2000-2007 (p < 0.01). CS analysis demonstrated that for every additional year survived, adjusted probability of surviving the next 5 years increased from 66.7% (localized), 54.0% (regional), and 35.3% (distant) at the time of diagnosis, to 83.7% (localized), 75.0% (regional), and 62.2% (distant) for patients who had survived 5 years. Adjusted 5-year CS differed among age, sex, tumor histology, ethnicity, and stage subgroups initially, but converged with time. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcomes of NPC patients have greatly improved over the decades. Increases in CS become more prominent in patients with distant disease than in those with localized or regional disease as patients survive longer. CS provides more dynamic prognostic information for patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Epidemiology* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Methods ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; SEER Program ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neutropenia during the first cycle of induction chemotherapy (IC-1) on survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible patients (n=545) with LANPC receiving IC+concurrent chemoradiotherapy were included. Based on nadir neutrophil afterIC-1, all patientswere categorized into three groups: no/grade 1-2/grade 3-4 neutropenia. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between groups and subgroups stratified by IC regimen. We also explored the occurrence of IC-1–induced myelosuppression events and the minimal value of post-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (post-NLRmin). Univariate/multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the effect of IC-1–induced neutropenia, timing of neutropenia, number of myelosuppression events, and high post-NLRmin on OS/DFS. RESULTS: Grade 1-2/grade 3-4 neutropeniawere associatedwith poorer OS/DFS than no neutropenia (all p < 0.05); OS/DFS were not significantly different between patients experiencing grade 1-2 vs. 3-4 neutropenia. Neutropenia had no significant effect on OS/DFS in patients receiving docetaxel–cisplatin–5-fluorouracil (TPF). Grade 1-2 (grade 3-4) neutropenia negatively influenced OS/DFS in patients receiving cisplatin–5-fluorouracil (PF) (PF and docetaxel–cisplatin [TP]; all p < 0.05). Neutropenia, two/three myelosuppression events, and high post-NLRmin (≥ 1.33) was most frequent on days 5-10, second and third week of IC-1, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, IC-1–induced neutropenia, two/three myelosuppression events, and post-NLRmin ≥ 1.33were validated as negative predictors of OS/DFS (all p < 0.05); timing of neutropenia had no significant effect. CONCLUSION: Occurrence of neutropenia, number of myelosuppression events, and high post-NLRmin during PF/TP IC-1 have prognostic value for poor survival in LANPC.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Lymphocytes ; Neutropenia* ; Neutrophils ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: Local relapse-free survival (LRFS) differs widely among patients with T4 category nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We aimed to build a nomogram incorporating clinicopathological information to predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 415 Chinese patients with non-metastatic T4 NPC treated with definitive IMRT with or without chemotherapy at our cancer center between October 2009 and September 2013. The nomogram for LRFS at 3 and 5 years was generated based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, and validated using bootstrap resampling, assessing discriminative performance using the concordance index (C-index) and determining calibration ability via calibration curves. RESULTS: Five-year LRFS was 88.8%. We identified and incorporated four independent prognostic factors for LRFS: ethmoid sinus invasion, primary gross tumor volume, age, and pretreatment body mass index. The C-index of the nomogram for local recurrence was 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.726 to 0.738), indicating excellent predictive accuracy. The calibration curve revealed excellent agreement between nomogram-predicted and observed LRFS probabilities. Risk subgroups based on total point score cutoff values enabled effective discrimination of LRFS. CONCLUSION: This pretreatment nomogram enables clinicians to accurately predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive IMRT, and could help to facilitate personalized patient counselling and treatment strategies.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Body Mass Index ; Calibration ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Drug Therapy ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Humans ; Nomograms* ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Tumor Burden