[Objective] To compare the clinical efficacy of super pulse thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (SPThuLEP) with "open tunnel" and transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in order to provide reference for the treatment options of BPH. [Methods] The clinical data of 112 BPH patients treated in our hospital during Jan.2023 and Jul.2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 65 treated with SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" and 57 with HoLEP.The operation time, postoperative hemoglobin decrease, postoperative bladder irrigation, catheter indwelling time, hospitalization time and complications were compared between the two groups.The changes of maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), postvoid residual (PVR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were compared between the two groups before operation and one month after operation. [Results] All operations were successful without conversion to open or transurethral plasmakinetic resection.The postoperative decrease of hemoglobin in SPThuLEP group was lower than that in HoLEP group [(13.12±6.72) g/L vs. (21.02±6.51) g/L], with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the operation time [(63.35±15.73) min vs.(61.02±17.55) min], postoperative bladder irrigation time [(1.07±0.45) d vs. (1.06±0.36) d], catheter indwelling time [(2.98±0.56) d vs. (3.01±0.63) d] and hospitalization time [(3.63±0.61) d vs.(3.79±0.76) d] between the two groups (P>0.05). No blood transfusion, secondary bleeding or unplanned hospitalization occurred, and there were no serious complications such as transurethral electroresection syndrome (TURS), urethral stricture and urinary incontinence.One month after operation, the Qmax, IPSS, QoL, PVR and PSA of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05), but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). [Conclusion] SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" has comparable efficacy as HoLEP in the treatment of BPH.With advantages of small amount of bleeding and high safety, this minimally invasive technique can be widely popularized in clinical practice.

AIM: To investigate the current status of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in premature infants in Xiamen and analyze its influencing factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and preventive strategies.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the case data of 363 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 wk who underwent fundus examination at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University from February 11, 2020 to February 25, 2023. The incidence of ROP was statistically analyzed based on the screening results. All premature infants were divided into ROP group(37 cases, 64 eyes)and non-ROP group(326 cases, 652 eyes). General clinical data and perinatal-related information of the two groups were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the occurrence of ROP in premature infants.RESULTS: A total of 363 premature infants were included in this study. The fundus screening results showed that a total of 37 cases(64 eyes)of premature infants were detected with ROP, including 10 cases(10 eyes)monocular and 27 cases(54 eyes)binocular, with an overall incidence of 10.2%(37/363). The severity was determined according to the ROP international classification standard(ROP is divided into 5 stages, with stage I being the least severe and stage V the most severe). Among the 64 eyes, 30 eyes(46.9%)were in stage I, 20 eyes(31.3%)were in stage II, 10 eyes(15.6%)were in stage III, 4 eyes(6.3%)were in stage IV, and there were no cases in stage V. By comparing the clinical data of the two groups, no significant differences were found in gender, mode of delivery, singleton or multiple births, premature rupture of membranes, history of asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, premature infants in the ROP group had significantly younger gestational age and lower birth weight compared to those in the non-ROP group(all P<0.05). Additionally, the ROP group had higher proportions of longer hospital stays, bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy for more than 1 wk, oxygen concentration above 40%, and blood transfusion treatment(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that combined neonatal sepsis(OR=166.985, 95% CI: 35.239-791.277, P<0.001), anemia(OR=8.111, 95% CI: 2.064-31.871, P=0.003), oxygen use time >1 wk(OR=10.216, 95% CI: 2.543-41.039, P=0.001), oxygen therapy concentration >40%(OR=7.647, 95% CI: 1.913-30.566, P=0.004), and receiving blood transfusion therapy(OR=5.879, 95% CI: 1.412-24.470, P=0.015)were the main risk factors affecting the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants, and the higher birth weight of preterm infants was a protective factor for ROP(OR=0.093, 95% CI: 0.022-0.394, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The incidence of ROP in premature infants is relatively high, and there are multiple influencing factors. Low birth weight, neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy, and blood transfusion treatment are high-risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Clinical attention should be given to such infants, and fundus screening should be conducted in a standardized manner to provide early treatment, thereby further reducing the risk of ROP in premature infants.

Objective To quantitatively assess the influence of various factors on the pharmacokinetic parameters of propofol and to develop a propofol population pharmacokinetic model tailored for Chinese patients.Methods Thirty patients scheduled for selective abdominal surgeries received an anesthesia dose of propofol at 2.0 mg·kg-1.The concentration of propofol in collected venous blood samples was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Polymorphisms in metabolizing enzyme genes were detected through Sanger sequencing technology.Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed,and models were constructed and evaluated using Phoenix Winnonlin software.Results Through software analysis,the drug's in vivo process was best described by a three-compartment model.The population mean values for the central compartment clearance rate(CL),shallow peripheral compartment clearance rate(Q2),deep peripheral compartment clearance rate(Q3),central compartment volume of distribution(V),shallow peripheral compartment volume of distribution(V2),and deep peripheral compartment volume of distribution(V3)were 1.71 L·min-1,1.31 L·min-1,1.51 L·min-1,5.92 L,19.86 L and 99.06 L,respectively.Body weight was identified as a significant covariate affecting CL and V,and was incorporated into the model.Conclusion The evaluation of the final model demonstrates its substantial predictive capability,offering directional guidance for the clinical administration of propofol.

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of two captopril tablets in Chinese healthy subjects,and evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of the tested and reference preparations.Methods This study was a single-center,random,open,double-cycle,double-cross design scheme.Twenty-four healthy subjects were randomized divided two groups and took single dose of 25 mg captopril of test tablet or reference tablet under fasting condition during each period.Plasma concentrations of captopril were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy(LC-MS/MS)following administration of the oral single captopril tablet.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using non-atrioventricular model with WinNonlin 8.0 software to evaluate bioequivalence.The safety of clinical observation indexes of the subjects was evaluated during the trail.Results Main pharmacokinetic parameters of test preparation and reference preparation captopril in fasting group test:Cmax were(803.22±196.81)and(844.75±163.43)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(3 118.06±642.05)and(3 353.53±597.94)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(3 347.35±712.07)and(3 594.15±654.39)h·ng·mL-1.The 90％confidence intervals(CI)of geornetric mean ratio of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 87.15％-99.97％,89.54％-96.14％and 89.55％-96.26％,all in the range of 80.00％-125.00％,indicating that the bioequivalence of the two preparations could be determined.During the trial,the incidence rates of adverse events for the test preparation and the reference preparation were 30.43％and 33.33％,respectively,without any serious adverse events occurring.Conclusion The test tablet and reference tablet of captopril were equivalent and safe during the trial.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of polymorphisms of solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B3(SLCO1B3) gene on the pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS Patients with lupus nephritis who were treated in Jieyang People’s Hospital from September 2019 to April 2021 were selected. All subjects were treated with MMF for at least 12 months, or discontinued due to poor efficacy. The efficacy of MMF was evaluated. The SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A(rs4149117/rs7311358) genotype was detected using Agena MassARRAY®, and the correlation between gene polymorphisms and MMF pharmacodynamics was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The probability of poor MMF treatment effect of 334GG/699AA carriers was significantly higher than that of 334TT/699AA and 334TG/699GA carriers(P<0.001); Logistic regression showed that both 334GG/699AA and urine protein>2.5 g·(24 h)−1 were the risk factors for poor MMF treatment[OR=4.038(1.731, 9.420), P<0.001; OR=4.157(1.705, 10.137), P=0.002]. Combined analysis showed that patients with both 334GG/699AA genotype and urine protein>2.5 g·(24 h)−1 were at higher risk for poor efficacy[OR=8.563(3.301, 22.216), P<0.001]. CONCLUSION SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A is related to the efficacy of MMF treating lupus nephritis, and 334GG/699AA carriers are more likely to result in poor efficacy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of discriminative application of Chinese patent medicines in female patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:The study population was from the Chinese Patent Medicine (CPM) trial. CPM trial was a multicenter prospective cohort study, which enrolled patients from 40 centers in mainland China between February 2012 and December 2015, with the discriminative use of Chinese patent medicines as the exposure factor. Female patients with ACS after PCI who completed 36-month follow-up were included in this analysis, and were divided into a conventional treatment group (using conventional western medicine recommended by the guidelines) and a group with the discriminative use of proprietary Chinese medicines (on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, discriminative use of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, Guanxin Danshen dropping pills for blood stasis syndrome, and Danlou tablets for phlegm and blood stasis syndrome combined with the conventional western medicine). The primary endpoint event was a composite endpoint event including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and emergency revascularization surgery. Secondary endpoint events were composite endpoint events including readmission for ACS, heart failure, stroke, and other thrombotic events. Adverse events were collected. Cox proportional risk model was used to assess the effect of discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicine on endpoint events, and sensitivity analysis was performed by comparing the results with propensity score matching analysis.Results:A total of 748 female ACS post-PCI patients were included in the analysis, aged (63.2±8.3) years. There were 370 patients in the group of discriminative application of Chinese patent medicines and 378 patients in the conventional treatment group. There were 37 cases (10.0%) and 58 cases (15.3%) of primary endpoint events in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines group and the conventional treatment group, respectively. Cox analysis showed that the risk of primary endpoint in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96, P=0.031). There were 38 (10.3%) and 57 (15.1%) cases of secondary endpoint events in the two groups, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of secondary endpoint events in the discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicine group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group after adjusting for confounders (adjusted HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, P=0.001). The results of propensity score matching analysis also showed that Chinese patent medicines based on discriminatory application could reduce the risk of primary endpoint ( HR=0.62,95% CI 0.40-0.97 ,P=0.033) and second endpoint ( HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, P=0.009) significantly. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (12.4% (46/370) vs. 10.3% (39/378), P=0.362). Conclusion:On the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, discriminatory application of Chinese patent medicines can reduce the risk of endpoints in female patients after PCI due to ACS without significant adverse effects.

Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of new gadolinium-doped hydroxyapatite(Gd-HA)composite scaffolds and to explore their feasibility as cell culture materials and bone tissue engineering scaffolds.Methods The Gd-HA composite scaffolds were chemically synthesized and placed under the electron microscope for observation.The experiment was divided into three groups,the HA group,the Gd-HA group,and the control group.Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)were isolated,cultured and characterized,and the Gd-HA composite scaffold extract was added to the ADSCs in vitro culture system.Cell survival and cytotoxicity were assessed by live-dead cell staining,cell proliferation ability within the scaffolds was assessed by CCK-8 assay,and the scaffolds were assessed by alizarin red staining for cell osteogenic differentiation.The toxic reactions of the scaffold materials were observed by skin irritation test,systemic acute toxicity test and muscle tissue and liver and kidney pathology at the site of intramuscular implantation of the scaffolds.Results The Gd-HA composite scaffold showed irregular void structure under electron microscope.Cell morphology observation showed that ADSCs grew adherently to the wall and were long shuttle-shaped.The positivity rate of CD29 was 96.94％,CD44 was 97.90％,CD45 was 0.10％,and CD34 was 0.46％,which was obtained using flow cytometry.Live-dead cell staining showed that the amount of live cells in the Gd-HA group was significantly better than that in the hydroxyapatite(HA)group after 5 days of co-culture.CCK-8 assay showed no significant difference in cell proliferation within 0-3 days.After 3 days,the Gd-HA group was significantly better than the HA group and the control group(P＜0.05).Calcium nodule deposition after alizarin red staining was significantly better in the Gd-HA group than in the HA and control groups,showing a deeper red color.No skin irritation was observed in gross and skin tissue HE observations after the contact of the extract with the skin.The general condition of the experimental groups was good after the infusion of the extract into the abdominal cavity,and the body mass tended to increase steadily(P＞0.05).HE staining showed that inflammatory reaction at the interface between the material and muscle tissue of the stent intramuscular implantation site in Gd-HA group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was gradually reduced with the prolongation of implantation time.At the 8th weeks the morphology of the tissue around the material was close to normal muscle tissue,and no pathological changes were observed in the HE staining of liver and kidney at the 12th week.Conclusion Gd-HA composite scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and facilitate cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation,and they are expected to serve as good carriers for stem cell transplantation in tissue engineering.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of sexualized drug use (SDU) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu and classify their behavioral patterns by applying the two-step cluster (TSC) algorithm and by exploring the association between SDU patterns and high risk sexual behaviors, in order to provide a reference basis for the development of HIV prevention interventions.Methods:Supported by an MSM-friendly organization in Chengdu from December 2021 to February 2022, MSM were recruited by on-site survey and peer referral to collect information on sociodemographics, SDU characteristics, sexual behaviors, STD diagnosis, and HIV status. TSC was performed to classify the characteristics of SDU, and the differences between groups were compared. Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regressions were used to identify the relationship between SDU clusters and HIV-related risk sexual behaviors.Results:A total of 727 MSM were surveyed, and 39.8% (289/727) of the respondents reported SDU experience with a same-sex partner in the last six months. TSC clustered SDU-MSM into three behavioral pattern groups. There were significant differences in monthly income, types of drugs used for SDU, mode, frequency, polydrug use, multiple sexual partners, non-adherence to condom use, and group sex among the three groups of SDU-MSM ( P<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the third category of SDU-MSM was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.06-4.66) times more likely than the first category not to use condoms consistently; the third and second categories were 2.82 (95% CI: 1.18-6.77) times and 8.78 (95% CI: 3.42-22.42) times. Conclusions:The prevalence of SDU among MSM in Chengdu was more than 1/3, and different SDU clustering pattern was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. MSM with higher SDU frequency, drug use, and polydrug abuse are more difficult to adhere to condom use and more likely to have group sex and high risk sexual behaviors, increasing the risk of STD and HIV infection, and need to strengthen SDU surveillance and intervention.

Objective:To analyze and compare the risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke and understand the exposure levels in population.Methods:A cohort study of risk factors of stroke was conducted in a rural community in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2003, and the common risk factors of stroke were investigated at baseline survey, the cerebrovascular hemodynamics indexes were detected, the cerebrovascular function score was calculated according to the unified integral rule, and the incidence of stroke was observed in follow up. The risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were analyzed by cohort study. The risk factors for two subtypes of stroke were compared.Result:A total of 10 565 participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up period of (11.15±2.26) years, and 103 hemorrhagic stroke cases and 268 ischemic stroke cases were observed during follow-up period. The independent risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score [hazard ratio ( HR)=1.56, 95% CI: 1.23-1.98], history of alcohol consumption ( HR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.39-4.34), hypertension ( HR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.00-3.07) and older age ( HR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.10). The independent risk factors of ischemic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score ( HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.25-1.65), smoking history ( HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.13-2.05), hypertension ( HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.07), family history of stroke ( HR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.15), left ventricular hypertrophy ( HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.07-2.81) and older age ( HR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.08). Conclusions:Decreased cerebrovascular function score, hypertension, and older age were common independent risk factors of both types of stroke, alcohol consumption history was an independent risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke, and smoking history, and family history of stroke and left ventricular hypertrophy were independent risk factors of ischemic stroke.