Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death triggered by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides on the cell membrane.Recent studies have found that ferroptosis can be induced by exposure of the testis tissue and germ cells to some high-risk factors,accompanied by various characteristic reproductive system injuries,including changes in cell morphology,ferroptosis-related physico-chemical indicators and gene expressions.This review focuses on the association of ferroptosis with male reproductive system diseases from three key aspects:iron metabolism abnormalities,Cystine/GSH/GPX4 axis imbalance,and lipid peroxidation.

Aim To prepare prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin and observe their uptake by prostate cancer cells. Methods Cells treated with starvation for different time were screened for exosome extraction. Exosomes from PC-3 cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation, and the extracted particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analyzer(NTA), and Western blot. Melittin exosome system was prepared by repeated freeze-thaw method, incubation at room temperature as well as electroporation, and the size of encapsulation efficiency was measured by centrifugation. A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied to assay the content of melittin exosomes(exo-mel). Fluorescence inverted microscopy was employed to evaluate the uptake of melittin exosomes by PC-3 cells, DU145 cells as well as LNCaP cells. Results The results of starvation treatment showed that 24 h starvation treatment was the optimal time point. TEM results showed that the exosomes were round or oval in shape with a distinct membranous structure, and the diameter was around 100 nm. The reagent protein concentration for NTA analysis of exosomes was 0.222 g·L-1. The results of Western blot for the marker proteins of exosomes showed that Alix and CD63 were positively expressed, which indicated that the exosomes could be obtained by starvation culture of PC-3 cells and ultracentrifugation. The results of entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment efficiency of electroporation method was 17.51% ± 2.39%, that of repeated freeze-thaw method was 11.46% ± 1.02%, and that of room temperature incubation method was 3.93% ± 2.44%. The encapsulation efficiency of electroporation was the highest with significant difference(P<0.05). The uptake assay showed that PC-3 cells could efficiently take up exo-mel in a time-dependent manner, and DU145 cells and LNCaP cells also could take up exo-mel over time. Conclusions Exosomes can be accessed by starvation treatment and high-speed centrifugation, and the prostate cancer melittin exosome system prepared by electroporation method could be taken up by prostate cancer cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of extensively hydrolyzed formula on the growth and development in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

METHODSA total of 375 VLBW or ELBW infants were enrolled and divided into an observation group (187 infants) and a control group (188 infants) using a random number table. The infants in the observation group were given extensively hydrolyzed formula, and when the amount of extensively hydrolyzed formula reached 10 mL/time, it was changed to the standard formula for preterm infants. The infants in the control group were given standard formula for preterm infants. Both groups were fed for 4 consecutive weeks and were compared in terms of incidence rate of feeding intolerance, time to establish full enteral feeding, time to complete meconium excretion, number of spontaneous bowel movements, growth and development, motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding, and incidence rate of infection.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the observation group had a lower rate of feeding intolerance (P<0.05), a shorter duration to full enteral feeding and time to complete meconium excretion (P<0.05), a higher mean number of daily spontaneous bowel movements (P<0.05), higher body weight (1 793±317 g vs 1 621±138 g; P<0.05), head circumference (30.5±1.1 cm vs 30.0±1.6 cm; P<0.05), and body length (43.9±1.2 cm vs 42.1±2.0 cm; P<0.05), a higher motilin level at 4 and 10 days after feeding (P<0.05), and a significantly lower infection rate (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExtensively hydrolyzed formula can increase motilin level, improve gastrointestinal feeding tolerance, promote early growth and development, and reduce the incidence of infection in VLBW and ELBW infants.

Child Development ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Male ; Motilin ; blood

Objective To investigate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging in assessing liver cirrhosis preoperatively in infants with biliary atresia (BA).Methods A total of 64 consecutive infants with BA who underwent ARFI imaging in 3 days before Kasai surgery were recruited.Virtual Touch Quantification mode was used to measure shear wave speed (SWS),All infants with BA underwent liver biopsy during the surgery.The mean SWS of infants with and without liver cirrhosis were compared and analyzed.The diagnostic efficacy of SWS was observed using ROC curves.Results Liver cirrhosis was found in 8 of 64 infants.The mean SWS in infants with cirrhosis was significant-ly higher than that in infants without cirrhosis ([2.51±0.50]m/s vs [1.74±0.31]m/s,t=6.039,P＜0.001).The cutoff value of SWS for predicting liver cirrhosis was 2.16 m/s,the area under ROC curve was 0.930 (P＜0.001),and the diagnostc sensitivity and specificity was 87.50％ and 92.86％,respectively.Conclusion ARFI imaging is helpful to predic tion of liver cirrhosis in infants with BA preoperatively.It may be an effective method for clinical management and prognosis prediction in infants with BA.

Column chromatographies over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reverse phase C18, and MCI, and semi-preparative HPLC were used for separation and purification of constituents from Inula cappa. The 22 compounds were obtained and their strutures were determined by NMR and MS spectra data as nine flavonoids: luteolin (1), apigenin (2), chrysoeriol (3), artemetin (4), 2', 5-di- hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4', 5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5), chrysosplenol C (6), apigenin-5-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), luteolin-3-methyl, luteolin-3-methylether-4'-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), luteolin-4'-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (9); four triterpenes: darma-20, 24-dien- 3β-0-acetate (10), darma-20, 24-dien-3β-ol (11), epirfiedelanol (12), friedelin (13); three coumarins: scopoletin (14) , isosco- poletin (15) , scopolin(16) , and other types of compounds stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3β-0-7-one (17), stigmasterol (18), palmitic acid (19), linoleic acid (20), linoleic acid methyl ester (21), (E) -9, 12, 13-trihydroxyoetadee-10-enoie acid (22). Compound 5 is a new natural product. Compounds 3-9, 15, 17, 21, and 22 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Inula ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

A novel method was developed for the rapid determination of multi-indicators in corni fructus by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based least squares support vector machine was investigated to increase the levels of quality control. The calibration models of moisture, extractum, morroniside and loganin were established using the PSO-LS-SVM algorithm. The performance of PSO-LS-SVM models was compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The calibration and validation results of PSO-LS-SVM were superior to both PLS and BP-ANN. For PSO-LS-SVM models, the correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations were all above 0.942. The optimal prediction results were also achieved by PSO-LS-SVM models with the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and RSEP (relative standard errors of prediction) less than 1.176 and 15.5% respectively. The results suggest that PSO-LS-SVM algorithm has a good model performance and high prediction accuracy. NIR has a potential value for rapid determination of multi-indicators in Corni Fructus.
Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Support Vector Machine

Objective To investigate the effects of social support intervention on anxiety and depression of pulmonary hypertension(PH)patients,then provide a scientific basis for nursing of patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods The general condition of PH questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),social support rating scale(SSRS)were distributed to 131 patients with PH.Then make statistical analysis of patients'anxiety,depression and social support conditions.Results The score of anxiety and depression psychological conditions of patients with pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than normal population,the difference wag statistically significant.Among 131 patients,16 patients with anxiety,accounting for 12.21% ;21 cases of patients with depression,accounting for 16.03% .28 patients at a high level of social support,92 patients at a medium level of social support,11 patients at a low level of social support,a total of 91.60% of the patients in the middle and higher levels of social support.Anxiety and depression scores had significant negative correlation with social support,objective support points and subjective support points.The anxiety,depression difference among different types of pulmonary hypertension was statistically significant.The difference of anxiety and depression scores between patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and patients with pulmonary hyper tension caused by congenital heart disease were significant.The depression scores between pulmonary hy pertension caused by pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and congenital heart disease were significantly different.Conclusions When nurses care pulmonary hypertension patients.those with different types of PH should be given targeted social support.Attention should be paid to transfer the source of social support to help them adopt a positive attitude to face the diseabe,then improve the treatment and care compliance of patients.

This paper summarizes the key points of safety management for 15 patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension treated by aerosolized iloprost. All patients achieved significant improvements and none of them suffered any severe side effect. Complete safety management during the therapeutic procedure improved the patients' treatment confidence and compliance,and thereafter strengthened the efficacy of treatment.

OBJECTIVEGlycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) plays an important role in complete degradation of the glycogen, and has two independent catalytic activities, i.e., those of alpha-1, 4-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4. 1.25) and amylo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2. 1.33). A deficiency in activities of AGL causes excessive accumulation of glycogen with short branched outer chains and results in glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III; MIM #232 400), an autosomal recessive inborn disorder of glycogen metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the mutation of AGL in 10 Chinese patients with GSD III.

METHODClinical and laboratory data of 10 patients with typical clinical manifestations of GSD III suggesting hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, increased creatine-phosphokinase and its isozyme were collected. The coding regions and their flanking introns of AGL gene of the 10 patients were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. All the mutated alleles were confirmed by bidirectional DNA sequencing. The 3 novel splicing mutations were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 50 healthy children (control). The 2 small deletions (c.408-411delTTTG, c.2717-2721delAGATC) were analyzed by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and gene scan analysis to confirm the number of deleted bases.

RESULTThirteen different mutations were identified, including 4 splicing mutations (IVS6 + 1G > A, IVS6-1G > A, IVS14 + 1G > T, IVS26-2A > C), 5 nonsense mutations (R469X, R864X, S929X, R977X, Y1428X), 3 small deletions (c.408-411delTTTG, c.2717-2721delAGATC, c.2823delT) and 1 insert mutation (c.4234insT). Except for IVS14 + 1G > T, R864X, and R977X, the other 10 mutations are novel; 18 mutated alleles were identified in the 20 alleles (90%). IVS14 + 1G > T was the most frequently seen mutation, accounting for 5 of 20 (25%) alleles examined. None of homozygote and heterozygote of the 3 novel splicing mutations was found in the 50 healthy controls by RFLP analysis. With the fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and gene scan analysis, c.408411deTTTG mutation and c.2717-2721delAGATC mutation were confirmed to have 4 and 5 bases deletion respectively.

CONCLUSIONThirteen mutations were identified in the 10 cases with GSD III, with 10 novel mutations. IVS14 + 1G > T was a relatively common mutation. This study revealed the heterozygosity of AGL gene in Chinese patients with GSD III.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System ; genetics ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type III ; genetics ; Humans

Objective To study the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and sertraline on the cognition functions in acute stressed rats.Methods Y-type maze were used to test the cognitive function of Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats.They were exposed to the forced-swimming stress test,which was to make acute stress model of depression.Except control group,rats were pretreated with different doses of GABA and/or sertraline,then the time of immobility in the forced-swimming test and latency in the maze were observed individual.Results Compared with the model group[(1404.33±129.46)s] ,GABA could decrease the immobility time obviously in the forced-swimming test [(432.33±187.64) s ＞ (332.50±217.23) s,P ＜ 0.01].Otherwise the immobility time was prolonged with 0.50 g/kg GABA + 10 mg/kg sertraline (1086.17±411.80) s (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group(105.00±32.18)s,the latency in the maze was prolonged remarkably in the model group (179.17±8.54) s(P＜ 0.05).Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg sertraline(100.30±21.01) s or GABA and sertraline groups (69.83±16.89) s,(86.83±13.11) s (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) could decrease the latency.Conclusion GABA could play its role of antagonizing acute depression.Meanwhile,pretreatment with appropriate doses of GABA and sertraline not ordy could decrease doses of two drugs but also improve the cognitive function in the acute stress rats.