BACKGROUND: Endotracheal intubation can cause focal ischemia, damage or edema to the laryngeal mucosa, and may be followed by serious complications such as vocal cord paralysis, ulcers, and granulation tissue formation. Laryngeal granuloma is rare but also a significant late complication of endotracheal intubation, and anesthesiologists should be concerned about it.CASE: We experienced four cases of laryngeal granuloma that developed after two-jaw surgery January 2017–December 2018 in our hospital and would like to report these cases with brief review of literature.CONCLUSIONS: There are frequent movements on the head and neck in maxillofacial surgery and the nasotracheal intubation should be prolonged after bimaxillary osteotomy surgery because of post-operative airway problems. This may be why two-jaw surgery may have higher occurrence of laryngeal granuloma than others.
Edema ; Granulation Tissue ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ischemia ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Surgery, Oral ; Ulcer ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal contact granuloma is benign inflammatory disease induced by excessive mechanical contact of larynx such as endotracheal intubation, voice abuse, laryngeal microsurgery as well as laryngopharygeal reflux. Because it is caused by various risk factors, multiple treatment modalities are required. The purpose of study is to evaluate treatment effect of topical steroid through nasal cavity in contact granuloma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifty-two patients were enrolled in this study with exception of intubation granuloma. Patients were classified with four groups (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Nasal steroid spray (SPR), PPI+SPR, Observation) according to treatment modality. RESULTS: Patients who treated with PPI (Odds ratio 2.45, p=0.03) and combination of PPI and SPR (Odds ratio 2.88, p<0.01) had significantly better response than patients who not treated with medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of nasal steroid spray and PPI is effective for contact granuloma of larynx and considered as a treatment of choice rather than PPI only treatment.
Granuloma ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Larynx ; Methods ; Microsurgery ; Nasal Cavity ; Risk Factors ; Voice

Although many factors associated with difficult intubation have been known, predictors of difficult mask ventilation are not well known. We experienced a case of nearly complete airway obstruction following usual anesthetic induction which needed various emergency treatments. The patient had a preoperative diagnosis of contact granuloma of right posterior vocal cord and bilateral vocal cord palsy but later was found out as invasive laryngeal cancer. Upon the surgical field of view, both vocal cords were showing significantly thickened and fixated appearance and was considered as in the critical narrowing state with the potential of complete obstruction. Using C-MAC® video laryngoscope we were able to see the narrowed vocal cord and choose proper size of endo-tracheal tube. Consequently, intubation was successfully done and operation was conducted. From this case, we have lessons that physicians should examine the patient's airway more carefully in case of laryngeal mass and prepare emergency measures.
Airway Obstruction ; Bays* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Treatment ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Laryngoscopes* ; Masks ; Ventilation ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; Vocal Cords

The laryngeal granuloma (LG) is non-neoplastic lesion that mainly develops in the posterior vocal folds. It is welknown that mis- or overuse of voice, habitual coughing, and endotracheal intubation can become the cause of LG. The laryngopharyngeal reflux also comes into the spotlight as an etiologic factor. Although LG has a tendency to recur easily, it is not a premalignant lesion. The co-existence with granuloma and laryngeal cancer has not been reported earlier. Recently, we encountered a 72-year-old man with a posterior glottic mass, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with granuloma. To our knowledge, this is a first report on two coexisting carcinomas in the glottis.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cough ; Glottis* ; Granuloma* ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Vocal Cords ; Voice

Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Larynx ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of treatment with microsurgery in combination with local injection of type A botulinum toxin for vocal process granuloma. METHOD: 28 patients with vocal process granuloma received endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. The lesion was removed with micro-scissor and CO2 laster under a self-retaining laryngoscope and microscope. The incision and mucous membrane surrounding the wound was closed with 8-0 absorbable suture. 4-point injection of botulinum toxin type A 8-15 u was then performed along the thyroarytenoid muscle and arytenoid muscle of the same side. Postoperative medication was administered based on disease causes. RESULT: All patients experienced vocal cord dyskinesia of the injected side 2-3 days after surgery. At 1 month after the surgery, wound healing was good in all the 28 patients, and the vocal cord movement was limited at the injected side. At 3 months, movement of the bilateral vocal cords was normal, and the vocal cord process mucosa was smooth. Patients were followed up for more than a year, and only one patient had recurrence in 2 months after surgery. The cure rate was 96. 4%. CONCLUSION Combination of laryngeal microsurgery and type A botulinum toxin local injection can shorten the treatment course of vocal process granuloma.
Anesthesia, General ; Botulinum Toxins ; administration & dosage ; Granuloma ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Injections ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Laryngeal Muscles ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Laryngoscopes ; Larynx ; Microsurgery ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and treatments of contact granuloma of larynx. METHOD: To find the best treatments by analyzing the clinical features, related causes and the treatments of the 13 contact granuloma of larynx cases, which have complete data, of our department from Jan 2005 to Dec 2012, also by comparing the effect of conservative treatment and operation treatment. RESULT: Contact granuloma of larynx is more common in men (84.6%). The main causes are gastro esophageal reflux, chronic cough, habitual hawk and endotracheal intubation disease. However, a big part (38.4%) gets the disease without any other disease history. The main clinical feature of the disease includes: sensation of foreign matter in throat, easy to get exhausted when talking and voice hoarse, but also 30.7% without any feature in throat. Among the 13 cases, 6 were treated by operation and the first recurrence was 66.6%. The cure rate was 50% after one or two operations. The other 7 were treated in conservative way, including anti- Gastro esophageal reflux, avoiding excessive talking, reducing habitual hawk ,or without any medical treatment. The cure rate was 57.1%. The total cure rate was 53.8%. However, it is nonsense to comparing the two different treatments (Chi2 = 0.066, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There is still no standard treatment for contact granuloma of larynx and the effect is not good enough. The treatment should be depending on individual case. Conservative treatment is the first choice. However, operation should be considered if the patient has obviously hoarse and his granuloma is too large to breathe well.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; etiology ; therapy ; Hoarseness ; etiology ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Recurrence

Intubation granuloma is a delayed complication of endotracheal intubation in adults.The most frequent complaint of the patient with laryngeal granuloma is hoarseness and the most common location of the granuloma is the vocal process of arytenoid cartilage.We report a female patient with incidentally detected granuloma during endotracheal intubation who had no preoperative vocal symptoms.
Female ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal

Laryngeal granulomas which grow in the rear of the vocal cords can be a refractory and recurrent condition, because of various pathogeneses and a lack of established treatment guidelines. We experienced a laryngeal granuloma case which recurred repeatedly, and was resistant to modern medicinal treatment. The laryngeal granuloma recurred after microlaryngosurgery. And though a second microlaryngosurgery and laser cauterization was done, followed by prescription of lansoprazole, tranilast, chlarithromycin and inhalation of fluticasone propionate, the laryngeal granuloma recurred once more. Thus, we tried Kampo medicines at the this time. Hangekobokuto, saishakurikkunshito and keikyososooushimbuto were stopped due to lack of efficacy on the ganuloma, and the Kampo formulation was changed to kairosan. Three weeks after changing formulation, the granuloma was no longer seen with laryngeal fiberscopy. And to-date, recurrence of the granuloma has not been confirmed. This case suggests that fatigue, body weight loss, bilateral Kyokyo-kuman (discomfort of the hypochondrium), bilateral excessive strain of abdominal muscles, pulsation of both the upper and lower navel, and tympanitic sound in upper abdomen may be clinical indications for kairosan.
Granuloma ; recur ; Red color ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Medicine, Kampo

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Granuloma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged