Background: Although poor oral health is a common comorbidity in individuals with airflow limitation (AFL), few studies have comprehensively evaluated this association. Furthermore, the association between oral health and the severity of AFL has not been well elucidated. Methods: Using a population-based nationwide survey, we classified individuals according to the presence or absence of AFL defined as pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.7. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, we evaluated the association between AFL severity and the number of remaining teeth; the presence of periodontitis; the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index; and denture wearing. Results: Among the 31,839 participants, 14% had AFL. Compared with the control group, the AFL group had a higher proportion of periodontitis (88.8% vs. 79.4%), complete denture (6.2% vs. 1.6%), and high DMFT index (37.3% vs. 27.8%) (P < 0.001 for all). In multivariable analyses, denture status: removable partial denture (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04–1.20) and complete denture (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01– 2.05), high DMFT index (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02–1.24), and fewer permanent teeth (0–19;aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12–1.52) were significantly associated with AFL. Furthermore, those with severe to very severe AFL had a significantly higher proportion of complete denture (aOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.11–3.71) and fewer remaining teeth (0–19; aOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.57–3.01). Conclusion Denture wearing, high DMFT index, and fewer permanent teeth are significantly associated with AFL. Furthermore, a reduced number of permanent teeth (0–19) was significantly related to the severity of AFL. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to oral health in managing patients with AFL, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: The study was planned to show the status of indoor microorganisms and the status of the reduction device in the military dog clinic. Methods: Airborne microbes were analyzed according to the number of daily patient canines. For identification of bacteria, sampled bacteria was identified using VITEK®2 and molecular method. The status of indoor microorganisms according to the operation of the ventilation system was analyzed. Results: Airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations were 1000.6 ± 800.7 CFU/m3 and 324.7 ± 245.8 CFU/m3. In the analysis using automated identification system, based on fluorescence biochemical test, VITEK®2, mainly human pathogenic bacteria were identified. The three most frequently isolated genera were Kocuria (26.6%), Staphylococcus (24.48%), and Granulicatella (12.7%). The results analyzed by molecular method were detected in the order of Kocuria (22.6%), followed by Macrococcus (18.1%), Glutamicibacter (11.1%), and so on. When the ventilation system was operated appropriately, the airborne bacteria and fungi level were significantly decreased. Conclusion Airborne bacteria in the clinic tend to increase with the number of canines. Human pathogenic bacteria were mainly detected in VITEK®2, and relatively various bacteria were detected in molecular analysis. A decrease in the level of bacteria and fungi was observed with proper operation of the ventilation system.

Background: The study was planned to show the status of indoor microorganisms and the status of the reduction device in the military dog clinic. Methods: Airborne microbes were analyzed according to the number of daily patient canines. For identification of bacteria, sampled bacteria was identified using VITEK®2 and molecular method. The status of indoor microorganisms according to the operation of the ventilation system was analyzed. Results: Airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations were 1000.6 ± 800.7 CFU/m3 and 324.7 ± 245.8 CFU/m3. In the analysis using automated identification system, based on fluorescence biochemical test, VITEK®2, mainly human pathogenic bacteria were identified. The three most frequently isolated genera were Kocuria (26.6%), Staphylococcus (24.48%), and Granulicatella (12.7%). The results analyzed by molecular method were detected in the order of Kocuria (22.6%), followed by Macrococcus (18.1%), Glutamicibacter (11.1%), and so on. When the ventilation system was operated appropriately, the airborne bacteria and fungi level were significantly decreased. Conclusion Airborne bacteria in the clinic tend to increase with the number of canines. Human pathogenic bacteria were mainly detected in VITEK®2, and relatively various bacteria were detected in molecular analysis. A decrease in the level of bacteria and fungi was observed with proper operation of the ventilation system.

Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) is generally indicated for mandibular setback, to improve occlusion, masticatory function, and aesthetics by altering the mandibular position. However, BSSRO narrows the pharyngeal airway and increases airway resistance, resulting in postoperative respiratory disturbances during emergence from anesthesia. Oxygen delivery system via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been known to improve airway patency and oxygenation via low-level positive pressure as well as reduce the respiratory load. We report a case of postoperative respiratory disturbance, following a large mandibular setback, despite nasotracheal extubation in the fully awake patient. Respiratory disturbance was successfully controlled after oxygen delivery via HFNC until self-respiration was completely restored. Therefore, the use of HFNC may facilitate the control of postoperative respiratory disturbances induced by anatomical changes in upper airway after BSSRO surgery.
Airway Resistance ; Anesthesia ; Catheters* ; Dyspnea ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus* ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) usually occurs after endovascular procedures, it may also occurs after using anticoagulants and thrombolytics. We report a case of 66-year-old man with sudden elevation of creatinine after using warfarin due to cortical infarction. Histologic examinations revealed a cholesterol cleft on the arcuate artery. We concluded it as warfarin induced atheroembolic renal disease. Careful observation of kidneys is necessary in the case of renal abnormalities after using anticoagulation, considering the possibility of cholesterol embolism due to anticoagulant therapy.
Aged ; Anticoagulants ; Arteries ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Embolism ; Embolism, Cholesterol ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Warfarin

No abstract available.
Codes of Ethics*

p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are key regulators of actin dynamics, cell proliferation and cell survival. Deregulation of PAK activity contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Using an ELISA-based screening protocol, we identified naphtho(hydro)quinone-based small molecules that allosterically inhibit PAK activity. These molecules interfere with the interactions between the p21-binding domain (PBD) of PAK1 and Rho GTPases by binding to the PBD. Importantly, they inhibit the activity of full-length PAKs and are selective for PAK1 and PAK3 in vitro and in living cells. These compounds may potentially be useful for determining the details of the PAK signaling pathway and may also be used as lead molecules in the development of more selective and potent PAK inhibitors.
Actins ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mass Screening ; Nervous System Diseases ; p21-Activated Kinases ; Phosphotransferases* ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins

p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are key regulators of actin dynamics, cell proliferation and cell survival. Deregulation of PAK activity contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Using an ELISA-based screening protocol, we identified naphtho(hydro)quinone-based small molecules that allosterically inhibit PAK activity. These molecules interfere with the interactions between the p21-binding domain (PBD) of PAK1 and Rho GTPases by binding to the PBD. Importantly, they inhibit the activity of full-length PAKs and are selective for PAK1 and PAK3 in vitro and in living cells. These compounds may potentially be useful for determining the details of the PAK signaling pathway and may also be used as lead molecules in the development of more selective and potent PAK inhibitors.
Actins ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mass Screening ; Nervous System Diseases ; p21-Activated Kinases ; Phosphotransferases* ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been known to induce cutaneous adverse drug reaction (cADR), ranging from a mild maculopapular eruption (MPE) to potentially life-threatening cADRs such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Despite studies examining mechanisms associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the association between lamotrigine (LTG)-induced cADR and HLA alleles still has room to investigate. We investigated HLA-A,-B, and -C alleles in LTG-induced cADR. The medical records of four patients with LTG-induced cADR were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with LTG for epilepsy. All recovered from cADR after stopping LTG treatment and receiving intensive care. HLA-A, -B, and -C genotyping was performed in all four patients using a PCR-sequence-based typing (SBT) method. Two patients had SJS, and the other two had MPE due to LTG. The range of latency to cADR after the initial LTG dose was 19–42 days. Two patients experienced cross-reactivity with other aromatic or new AEDs. Expression of the HLA-A*24:02/B*51:01 haplotype was detected in three (75%) patients with LTG-induced cADR. The other patient carried homozygous HLA-B*58:01 alleles. The results suggest that Korean individuals with the HLA-A*24:02/B*51:01 haplotype may be susceptible to LTG-induced cADR. Further investigations are necessary to confirm these findings.
Alleles ; Anticonvulsants ; Critical Care ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* ; Epilepsy ; Haplotypes* ; HLA-A Antigens ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

BACKGROUND: For more effective and safer usage of antibiotics, the dosing strategy should be individualized based on the patients’ characteristics, including race. The aim of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of piperacillin and tazobactam in Korean patients with acute infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At least four consecutive 2/0.25 g or 4/0.5 g doses of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) were intravenously infused over 1 h every 8 h for patients with creatinine clearance (CL(cr)) ≤50 ml/min or CL(cr) >50 mL/min, respectively. Blood samples from 33 patients at a steady-state were taken pre-dose and at 0 min, 30 min, and 4-6 h after the fourth infusion. The population PK analysis was conducted using a non-linear mixed-effects method. A likelihood ratio test was used to select significant covariates, with significance levels of P <0.05 for selection and P <0.01 for elimination. RESULTS: Both piperacillin PK and tazobactam PK were well described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Creatinine clearance and body weight, as covariates on clearance (CL) and volume of central compartment (V1), were selected among the covariates possibly affecting PK parameters of both drugs. CL was defined as CL = 2.9 + 4.03 × CL(cr)/47 for piperacillin and CL = 1.76 + 4.81 × CL(cr)/47 for tazobactam. V1 was defined as V1 = 19.5 × weight/60 for piperacillin and V1 = 22.6 × weight/60 for tazobactam. CONCLUSION: The PK profiles of TZP at a steady-state in Korean patients with acute infections were well described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Both piperacillin and tazobactam clearances were significantly influenced by creatinine clearance.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Body Weight ; Continental Population Groups ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Methods ; Piperacillin