A renal oncocytoma was diagnosed in an 8-year-old female Maltese dog with a history of renal cysts. Tumor cells were not detected until six months after observation of renal cysts. Nephrectomy was performed to treat the neoplasia. Tumor-like masses with numerous nodules were observed in the inner surface of cysts present in the caudal part of the left kidney. Histologically, the tumor consisted of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The diagnosis was based on histological features, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and immunohistochemical cytokeratin staining. Based on a literature review, this is the first canine renal oncocytoma case reported in Korea.
Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Animals ; Child ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Kidney ; Korea ; Nephrectomy ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

A renal oncocytoma was diagnosed in an 8-year-old female Maltese dog with a history of renal cysts. Tumor cells were not detected until six months after observation of renal cysts. Nephrectomy was performed to treat the neoplasia. Tumor-like masses with numerous nodules were observed in the inner surface of cysts present in the caudal part of the left kidney. Histologically, the tumor consisted of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The diagnosis was based on histological features, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and immunohistochemical cytokeratin staining. Based on a literature review, this is the first canine renal oncocytoma case reported in Korea.

Objective: To find the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of neem oil extract on the selected cancerous (A-549, PC-3 and DU-145) and noncancerous (NIH3T3 and CCD-18Co) cell lines. Methods: Viability and cytotoxic effect induced by the extract was measured by using MTT assay and apoptotic effect of the extract was evaluated by using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide dual staining through a fluorescent microscope and activity of caspases 3, 8 and 9 through colorimetric assay kits. Results: The results showed that neem oil extract significantly reduced the viability in all selected cancer cells treated with varying concentrations of extract as compared with untreated cells and had less effect on noncancerous cell lines. It significantly increased the percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells, and caspases 3, 8 and 9 activities in all cancer cells treated with extract as compared with untreated cells whereas no effect on noncancerous cell lines. It suggested that neem oil extract exerted a higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than normal cells and lower concentration induced apoptosis only in cancer cells. One of the apoptosis-inducing mechanism was through the activation of caspases signaling pathways. Conclusion: Conclusively, it implies that neem oil extract may contain one or more potential agents that can be used as a safe and effective anticancer therapy.

This is the first case report to describe the tumor regressive effect of systemic human neural stem cell (NSC)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) therapy on canine metastatic lung tumor. The therapeutic effects appeared approximately two weeks after 5-FC administration. Thoracic radiographs revealed a reduced number of lung nodules and decreased nodule size. However, there were no significant antitumor effects on primary lesions in abdominal organs. In conclusion, human NSC/5-FC prodrug therapy can secure patient quality of life with the same or more therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than other recommended chemotherapies.
Drug Therapy ; Flucytosine* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lung* ; Neural Stem Cells* ; Quality of Life ; Therapeutic Uses

The purpose of this report is to introduce persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) with persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Case 1 was a Cocker Spaniel with PRAA and case 2 was a Maltese with PDA. PLCVC was enclosed at the sites of PRAA and PDA surgery; therefore, it was lifted dorsally during PDA and PRAA surgery. Surgery to repair congenital heart defects including PRAA and PDA is recommended for dogs that do not die of PLCVC at a young age.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Dogs* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Thoracotomy

Artificial corneas have been developed as an alternative to natural donor tissue to replace damaged or diseased corneas. This study was conducted to evaluate the stability and biocompatibility of PHEMA-PMMA [poly (2-hydroxyl methacrylate)-poly (methyl methacrylate)] keratoprostheses in rabbits following penetrating keratoplasty. Sixteen male New Zealand White rabbits aged 16 weeks were divided into three groups. Group I and group II contained six rabbits each, while the control group had four rabbits. Experimental surgery was conducted under general anesthesia. The cornea was penetrated using an 8 mm diameter biopsy punch. In group I (core 5 mm & skirt 3 mm) and group II (core 6 mm & skirt 2 mm), the keratoprosthesis was placed into the recipient full thickness bed and sutured into position with double-layer continuous. In the control group, corneal transplantation using normal allogenic corneal tissue was performed with the same suture method. After four and eight weeks, keratoprosthesis devices were evaluated by histopathological analysis of gross lesions. Post-operative complications were observed, such as extrusion and infection in experimental groups. Most corneas were maintained in the defect site by double-layer continuous suture materials for 4 weeks and kept good light transmission. However, most artificial cornea were extruded before 8 weeks. Overall, combined PHEMA and PMMA appears to have sufficient advantages for production of artificial corneas because of its optical transparency, flexibility and other mechanical features. However, the stability and biocompatibility were not sufficient to enable application in humans and animals at the present time using penetrating keratoplasty. Further studies are essential to improve the stability and biocompatibility with or without other types of keratoplasty.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Male ; Methods ; Pliability ; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rabbits* ; Sutures ; Tissue Donors

Male pseudohermaphroditism is not commonly reported in veterinary medicine. Here, a 3-year-old Maltese/poodle mixed dog presented with malformed external genitalia and episodic hematuria. Inspection and palpation of the external genitals showed a malformed penis, shortened prepuce, external urethral orifice, and cryptorchidism. There was no urethral meatus at the tip of the penis. The urethral opening was situated between the prepuce and the penis. The anterior half of the prepuce was absent, and the penis was free and exposed to both trauma and licking. Plain radiographic examination showed absence of an os penis in the penis. A double-contrast cystograph showed the suspected uterus as well as the cystic calculi. A hypoechoic space was seen at the dorsal portion of the urinary bladder. The space was suspected to be the uterus. A sagital ultrasonograph showed cystic calculi in the urinary bladder. During surgery to remove cystic calculi, hypoplastic testes as well as the uterus were observed. Histological examination of the testes showed the seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. The sertoli cells and spermatogonia were adjacent to the basement membrane. No evidence of spermatogenesis was found. Striated squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells were found in the uterus. This dog had vestigial oviducts as well as a uterus with male-appearing external genitals.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development* ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Calculi ; Child, Preschool ; Cryptorchidism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Dogs* ; Epithelial Cells ; Genitalia ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Oviducts ; Palpation ; Penis ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia ; Testis ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus ; Veterinary Medicine

We compared the bone healing capacity of three different demineralized bone matrix (DBM) products applied using different carrier molecules (hyaluronic acid [HA] vs. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]) or bone compositions (cortical bone vs. cortical bone and cancellous bone) in a rabbit segmental defect model. Overall, 15-mm segmental defects in the left and right radiuses were created in 36 New Zealand White rabbits and filled with HA-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DBX), CMC-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DB) or CMC-based demineralized cortical bone with cancellous bone (NDDB), and the wound area was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. DBX showed significantly lower radiopacity, bone volume fraction, and bone mineral density than DB and NDDB before implantation. However, bone healing score, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and residual bone area at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation revealed no significant differences in bone healing capacity. Overall, three DBM products with different carrier molecules or bone compositions showed similar bone healing capacity.
Animals ; Bone Matrix/*physiology ; Bone Transplantation ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/*pharmacology ; Histology ; Hyaluronic Acid/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; *Wound Healing ; X-Ray Microtomography ; X-Rays

Patients referred to the Veterinary Medical Center at Chungbuk National University were analyzed. This study aimed to provide information to clinicians in Korea on the factors affecting fracture incidence in patients adapted to Korean companion animal culture. Eighty cases showing-bone fractures were investigated from January, 2005 to December, 2011. Fractures were mainly observed in miniature dogs such as Yorkshire terrier (12%), Poodle (12%), and Maltese (9%). Almost 50% of all cases were less than 1 year old. Total bone fractures in summer and fall constituted 62%. Fracture incidence was higher in male dogs (54%) than female dogs (46%). Hindlimb fracture (37%) was the most common. Distribution of limb fractures was higher in the femur (19), followed by the tibia/fibula (15), radius/ulna (13), humerus (11), and mandible (8). Pelvic fracture was observed in 19 cases. Simple fracture (84%) was the most common fracture type, followed by comminuted fracture (16%). Distal portion was the most common fracture site in long bones (67%), followed by middle (26%) and proximal bones (7%). Fractures were mainly caused by traffic accidents (43%), whereas 28.5% of fractures were due to falling down. Plate & screw (26%) was the most common method of fracture repair, followed by intramedullary pin (24%), wire (11%), external skeletal fixation (10%), screw (9%), amputation (7%), cross pin (6%), IM pin and wire (5%), and rush pin (1%). Among 80 patients, 79%of patients showed a good prognosis after surgery, whereas 13% patients did not experience a good result. This study shows that miniature dogs are prone to falling and fractures, especially in the distal part of long bones.
Accidents, Traffic ; Amputation ; Animals ; Dogs* ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Comminuted ; General Surgery ; Hindlimb ; Humans ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mandible ; Pets ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies*

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is an idiopathic, debilitating and progressive disease. A number of traumatic or non-traumatic animal models have been reported for research on osteonecrosis. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of femoral head osteonecrosis in rabbits by traumatic and non-traumatic methods. Twenty-seven New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three experimental groups, nine heads each. Two groups were surgically induced into osteonecrosis; a steel cerclage wire was ligated tightly around the neck of the right femoral head (Group W), and the femoral neck was tied with a cerclage wire in the same way as in the W group, and burned by attachment of an electrode tip to the wire and then the wire was removed (Group B). The other group was induced into osteonecrosis with a single intra-muscular injection of 20 mg/kg methyl-prednisolone acetate single injection (Group M). In the control group, the left femoral head of animals in group W and B was used. After two weeks, rabbits were sacrificed and the femoral head and neck were collected. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was evaluated by radiography, histology and immunohistology methods. Osteonecrosis lesions in the femoral head were identified in traumatic models of groups W and B. Cartilage degeneration in the superficial layer and TUNEL positive cells in the femoral head were detected more in Group B than in Group W. These findings revealed that short-term induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head was effectively achieved by cautery around the femoral neck.
Animals ; Burns ; Cartilage ; Cautery ; Electrodes ; Femur Neck ; Head ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Models, Animal ; Neck ; Osteonecrosis ; Rabbits ; Steel