Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Objective: Astragalus Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese) has been widely used as a qi (energy) restoring herb that is thought to act through reinvigorating the spleen and lung. Aconite is used to rebalance the body temperature during illness and played an irreplaceable role in disease control since ancient times, but it is limited by its strong neuro and cardiotoxicity. Since the Song Dynasty (1227), the two herbs have been commonly used as herbal pairs including in the famous Qifu Decotion, from the “Wei's Family Prescription”. However, many ancient texts also record that they are not compatible using together, suggesting they can have negative outcomes when mixed. This study investigated whether Astragali Radix had either positive or negative effects on absorption of six different active alkaloids derived from aconite. Methods: Single intestinal perfusion model was used to study the effects of Astragali Radix on aconite alkaloids absorption. Response of ABC transporters and distribution of three tight junction proteins on the surface of intestinal enothelium were assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: The results showed that aconite alkaloids absorption could be inhibited, and different concentrations of Astragali Radix considerably increased the expression levels of the ABC transporters and tight junction proteins with Astragali Radix treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that Astragali Radix can block absorption of aconite alkaloids through the upregulation expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) and tight junction proteins. It demonstrates that co-administration of Astragali Radix with other drugs might change the absorption profile of the second drug which is important to know in clinic therapy.

Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels are involved in neuronal rhythm regulation, synaptic activity, membrane resistance and dendritic integration due to their voltage-gated physiological properties. Recent studies have shown that HCN channels play an important role in central nervous system diseases, such as temporal lobe epilepsy, neuropathic pain, learning and memory disorder, substance abuse addiction and other related diseases. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of HCN channels in central nervous system diseases in recent years.

The present study carried out a phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the branches and leaves of Clausena lansium and afforded nine carbazole alkaloids (compounds 1-9) including two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansiums A and B (compounds 1 and 2). The new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, IR, and UV) and the known compounds were identified by comparing spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 and Hela cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 2-6 exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity to cancer cells, with IC values ranging from 8.67 to 98.89 μmol·L.
A549 Cells ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Carbazoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Clausena ; chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively study medium term follow-up outcomes of the femoral intertrochanteric with lateral femoral wall fractures using anatomic locking plate fixation.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to January 2013, 18 cases of the unstable femoral intertrochanteric with lateral femoral wall fractures were treated with the anatomic locking plate, included 8 males and 10 females with an average age of 75.5 years ranging from 19 to 83 years old. There were 8 cases of traffic accident injuries, 6 cases of falls injuries, and 4 cases of falling from high place. The time from injury to operation was ranged from 1 to 14 days with an average of 4.5 days. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and the length of hospitalization were recorded and analyzed. The fracture union was assessed by follow-up radiographs and hip functional recovery by PPMS and Harris hip scoring.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 36 to 68 months with a mean of(44.8±8.8) months. The mean operative time was (61.02±38.28) min;the mean blood loss was (226.00±162.52) ml;the mean length of hospitalization was (10.8±9.2) days. During the follow-up period, no infection, deep veintllrombosis, screwed cut-out and implant failure occurred in all patients. Coxa vara with shortening deformity was noted in 2 cases. Bone union was found in all the cases. The bone healing time was ranged from 4 to 10 months with an average of 6.2 months. The mean PPMS score at the final follow-up was 7.22±2.36. The Harris score was 79.46±11.02, 5 cases were classified as excellent, 9 as good and 2 as fair.

CONCLUSIONSProximal femoral anatomic locking plate can be used in treating intertrochanteric fractures with compromised lateral wall, which has a satisfied medium term follow-up outcomes, especially for complex fractures patterns in which intramedullary nailing may be difficult, and should not emphasis on premature loading.

Objective To investigate the correlation between large platelet ratio (P-LCR) and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods 152 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation were selected and divided into two groups according to whether accompanying stoke or not. Clinical features of patients and blood test indicator P-LCR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 152 subjects, including 47 patients with stoke and 105 patients without stoke,were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that the difference in age, diabetes, hypertension, lipid-lowering therapy and P-LCR between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, diabetes and P-LCR were independent risk factors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Age, diabetes and P-LCR are independent risk factors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the values of surface electromyography (sEMG) in the treatment of adolescent idiophathic scoliosis (AIS) with non-surgical therapy.

METHODSFrom October 2011 to May 2012, the data of 33 patients with AIS underwent traditional spinal balanced therapy were analyzed. There were 14 males and 19 females with an average age of (15.40 +/- 3.01) years,ranging in Cobb angle from 13 degrees to 40 degrees, course of disease more than 3 months. X-rays showed 21 cases were type C and 9 cases were type S. Preoperative and postoperative 6 months, Cobb angle, the ratio of averaged electromyography paramete (AEMG), security of treatment were observed.

RESULTSThirty cases (90.9%) accomplished the treatment and detection. No harmful effects to vital sign was found and no fracture, dislocation, apopsychia, infection of pin hole was found. There was positive correlation between the ratio of AEMG and Cobb angle (P = 0.003). The ratio of AEMG decreased after treatment,and indicated the improvement of myosthenic otherness.

CONCLUSIONsEMG can be used as a objective examination in evaluating difference of muscle electricity activity on both concaved and convex sides for patients of AIS, so it is a qualified objective examination for effectiveness evaluation and assessment aggravation risk, and has great value in clinic.

Adolescent ; Child ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Postural Balance ; Scoliosis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spine ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the expression of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) in gastric carcinoma,and investigate its clinical significance,at the same time analyze the correlation between MT1-MMP and RECK expression.Methods MT1-MMP and RECK expression in surgically resected tissue samples of gastric carcinoma was examined by immunohistochemical method (two-step method),and its correlation with clinicopathological factors was analyzed.Results Among the 44 gastric carcinoma samples,37 (84.1％ )were stained positive for MT1-MMP,and 31(70.5％ ) for RECK.The expression of MT1-MMP was much higher in poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma samples than moderately and well-differentiated samples (P =0.015).The expression level of MT1-MMP was associated with invasive depth of tumor cells (P =0.007),but no difference between sex and lymph node metastasis.On the contrary,the well-differentiated samples showed higher expression of RECK than poorly and moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma samples (P =0.006).The expression level of RECK did not correlate with sex,lymph node metastasis and invasive depth of tumor cells.RECK expression showed no relation to MT1-MMP expression in the gastric carcinoma.Conclusion Overexpression of MT1-MMP in gastric carcinoma may play an important role during tumor differentiation and metastasis,the RECK protein may have positive effects on the tumor differentiation.

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily explore the effect of combination of volar buttress plate with external fixator for the distal radial fractures of type C3 caused by high-energy injuries.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to June 2007, 13 patients with distal radial fracture of type C3, 9 males and 4 females aged from 26 to 47 (average 37 years), were treated with volar buttress plate combined with external fixator plus the techniques of K-wires and bone grafting as necessary, whose effects were evaluated preliminarily through comparing the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function.

RESULTSFollowed up from 7 to 29 months (average 18 months), the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function of all patients recovered remarkably. Nine patients achieved excellent and 4 good according to Sarmiento score (modified by Stewart) in the radiological manifestation, while 5 patients displayed excellent, 6 good, and 2 fair according to Gartland-Werley functional assessment system.

CONCLUSION1) Volar buttress plate could support the valor cortex in order to prevent comminuted fragment from displacing and maintain volar tilt and to provide the volar fulcrum for external fixator. 2) External fixator, with the assistance of volar fulcrum, could maintain the volar tilt and the height of distal radius and help unload the fossa. 3) Supplemental K-wires fixation and the bone graft may assist fracture stable.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; injuries ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUNDLumiracoxib is a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities comparable with class specific drugs, but with much improved gastrointestinal safety. No studies have examined lumiracoxib for antitumorigenic activity on human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro or its possible molecular mechanisms.

METHODSThe antiproliferative effect of lumiracoxib alone or combined with docetaxol on A549 and NCI-H460 lines was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Drug-drug interactions were analyzed using the coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) to characterize the interactions as synergism, additivity or antagonism. Morphological changes were observed by acridine orange fluorescent staining. Extent of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSLumiracoxib (15 - 240 micromol/L) has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines in concentration- and time-dependent manners with the IC50 values of 2597 micromol/L and 833 micromol/L, respectively. The synergistic effect was prominent when lumiracoxib (15 - 240 micromol/L) was combined with docetaxol (0.2 - 2 micromol/L) (CDI < 1). Fluorescent staining showed that lumiracoxib could induce apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Lumiracoxib treatment also caused an increase of the sub-G1 fraction in each cell line and resulted in an increase of G0/G1-phase cells and a decrease of S-phase cells.

CONCLUSIONSLumiracoxib had antiproliferative effect on the human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H460 and had a significant synergy with docetaxol, which may be related to apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Diclofenac ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Taxoids ; pharmacology