OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy and mechanism of Weiyangning pills against experimental gastric ulcer.

METHODThe gastric ulcer model were established by acetic acid, water-immersion stress, aspirin induction, pyloric ligation in rats, in order to observe the effect of Weiyangning pills against experimental gastric ulcer and study its effect on the content of nitric oxide (NO) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), gastric mucosal blood flow, the content of PGE2, gastric secretion, gastric acid content and the activity of pepsin.

RESULTWeiyangning pills markedly reduced index of gastric ulcers of various types, increased the content of NO, EGF, PGE2 and gastric mucosal blood flow, inhibited gastric secretion and gastric acid content, and decreased the activity of pepsin.

CONCLUSIONWeiyangning pills has a significant effect against experimental gastric ulcer, which is related to the reduction of gastric mucosa damage factors (gastric acid and pepsin) and the increase in gastric mucosa's function as a barrier and its recovery effects, such as NO, EGF, PGE2 and gastric mucosal blood flow.

Acetic Acid ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Aspirin ; adverse effects ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Acid ; metabolism ; secretion ; Ligation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regional Blood Flow ; drug effects ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the precise cause and the specific procedure about gastric mucosal lesion in rats with water immersion-restraint stress(WRS).

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups randomly: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I group. There were 16 rats in each group. A, B and C groups underwent gastric emptying determination. Emptying rate of gastric fluid was determined with radiate nuclide (99m)Tc. D, E and F groups underwent gastric acid secretion determination after cleaning gastric contents and pylorus ligation. G, H and I groups underwent gastric acid secretion determination after pylorus ligation without cleaning gastric contents. Gastric mucosal lesion ulcer index(UI) was evaluated. The relationship between of gastric mucosal lesion and gastric emptying rate and gastric acid secretion were examined.

RESULTSGastric emptying rate decreased obviously when the WRS time was prolonged. There were significant differences among B (WRS 2 h), C group (WRS 4 h) and A group (controlled group) (P<0.01). There was also significant difference between B and C group (P<0.01).The rats' gastric acid secretion was inhibited significantly. The differences among E (WRS 2 h), F (WRS 4 h) and D groups (controlled group) were significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between F and E groups (P>0.05). The gastric mucosal lesions were aggravated with time of stress. Gastric contents cleaning could effectively prevent gastric mucosal lesions originated by stress .The operation had no influence on this test. There were significant gastric mucosal lesion UI in B and C groups compared with A group (P<0.01). The difference between B and C group was significant (P<0.01).There were no gastric mucosal lesions in A, D, E, F and G groups. However, There was significant difference between I and F group (P<0.01). No significant difference were found among A, D, E, F and G groups (P>0.05). There were significant difference between H and B group and also between I and C group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWRS can induce gastric emptying disturbance, reduce gastric acid secretion and cause gastric mucosal lesion. As a factor inducing gastric mucosal lesion, acid can damage gastric mucosa as long as it exists without necessary peracid. The prolongation of acid with gastric mucosa contact period and the decrease of gastric mucosa resistance are perhaps the major causes of gastric mucosal lesion. Besides anti-acid, giving facilitative gastric emptying drugs and gastric lavage during stress ulcer prevention and cure should be considered. Acid evacuation in time is also a major cure for gastritis and recurrent ulcer.

Animals ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on the healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats and explore its mechanisms in light of gastric acid secretion.

METHODSGastric ulcers were induced in rats by an application of acetic acid to the serosal surface of the anterior gastric body. The effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on the healing of gastric ulcer, the total acidity of gastric juice, the expressions of H+, K+-ATPase mRNA and protein, and the ultrastructure of the parietal cell were observed in comparison with the effects of normal saline.

RESULTSNine days after ulcer induction, the ulcer area was 11.9-/+3.1 mm square and 19.7-/+3.8 mm square in rats with normal saline and celecoxib treatments, respectively (P<0.01). The total acidity of gastric juice and the expressions of H+, K+-ATPase mRNA and protein in celecoxib group were significantly higher than that in normal saline group at both 6 and 9 days after ulcer induction, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the amount of secretary canaliculus and microvillus.

CONCLUSIONSelective COX-2 inhibitor can significantly delay the healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats, the mechanism of which might be associated with enhanced digestive action of gastric acid on the new granulation tissue at the ulcer base as a result of celecoxib-stimulated gastric acid secretion of the parietal cells.

Animals ; Celecoxib ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Microvilli ; drug effects ; pathology ; Parietal Cells, Gastric ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the primary effects of Niuhuang Qingwei wan on the gastrointestinal function in aninmal for justifying its efficacies in clinic.

METHODMice were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.83, 1.67, 3.33 g x kg(-1), ig) and rats were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.59, 1.18, 2.36 g x kg(-1), ig). The effects on the stomach function were evaluated by the gastric emptying test in mice and the gastric analysis in rats. The effect on the intestinal function were evaluated by the propulsive motility of the total gastrointestinal tract test in mice by recording the time and frequency of excreting carbo medicinalis. Its analgesia was explored by using the abdominal constriction test induced by acetic acid.

RESULTNiuhuang Qingwei wan decreased the activity and secretion of pepsin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the gastric juice volume at middle and high doses (P <0.01, P <0.05), and the gastric acid volume at high dose (P <0.05); However, it had no significant effects on the gastric emptying in normal mice and the acidity in gastric juice. It shortened the excreting time of feces and increased the frequency of defecation (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). It also inhibited abdominal constriction responses at high dose, and the inhibition rate was 40.0% (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONNiuhuang Qingwei wan can promote gastrointestinal motility, decrease gastric acid volume and activity of pepsin and show certain analgesia effect. Those findings are consistent with its treating stomach heat in clinic.

Animals ; Defecation ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gastric Acid ; metabolism ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastric Juice ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pepsin A ; secretion ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of gastric acid reflux in children with reflux esophagitis (RE).

METHODSTwenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring and gastroscopy were performed in 180 children suffered from vomiting. The relationship between RE, non-esophagitis (NE), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was analyzed.

RESULTSSixty-five of the 180 patients were confirmed as having RE by endoscopy. Among them, the number of cases with grades I, II and III RE according to the diagnostic criteria by endoscopy was 37, 19 and 9 cases, respectively, while the other 115 cases were diagnosed as NE. The positive rate of acid reflux in RE group was 58.5% (38/65), while it was 42.6% (49/115) in NE group (chi(2) = 4.179, P < 0.05). All parameters of acid reflux in RE group except for the episode of reflux and the number of reflux longer than 5 min were significantly higher than those in NE group. None of the parameters of acid reflux except for Boix-Ochoa score in grade III RE patients was significantly higher than that in both grade II and grade I RE cases. However, the difference in acid reflux parameter between grade I and grade II RE patients had not reached statistical significance. The results also showed that the positive rate of pathological acid reflux was 48.3% (87/180). Among them, 38 cases were RE, while other 49 cases were NERD. The difference in acid reflux between these two groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONSGastric acid reflux may play a major role in the development of RE in children, but may not be a sole pathogenic factor. The degree of acid reflux is not closely correspondent to the severity of RE. Acid reflux may not completely contribute to RE. Gastroscopy is very important for patients with reflux symptom.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Esophagoscopy ; Female ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index

Survey on research and development of Fructus Gardeniae in the recent 10 years. Gardenia yellow has been used for food colorent, medicine, feedingstuff and cosmetic. Garnedia blue has been used for developing another pigment with red and yellow. Fructus Gardeniae has been used in digestive system for cholecyst constracting and gall-stone eliminating, for declining peroxide on SAP mouse and increasing immune ability, for protecting liver against cancel, anti-acetylcholinic restraining on stomach enginery, in cardiovascular system it has been used for centrally anti-hypertension, preventing atheroma and thrombus, also Fructus Gardeniae has been used for anti-inflammation, treating parenchyma injure etc. Geniposide used for increasing production in agriculture has wider perspect.
Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Bile ; secretion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Food Coloring Agents ; toxicity ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in clinical practice from early 1990s for the treatment of acid- related diseases. PPIs are superior to histamine2-receptor antagonists or anticholinergic agents. These drugs have proven to be effective, safe and well-tolerated during the past two decades. This brief review presents the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of PPIs and presents clincal applications of the drugs in acid-related diseases.
Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Proton Pumps/*antagonists & inhibitors

AIMTo demonstrate the protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on gastric mucosa and its relationship to the acid secretion of parietal cells under stress in rats.

METHODSWater immersion-restraint stress (WRS) model in SD rats was performed. The gastric mucosal ulcer index (UI), NO contents in gastric mucosa and H+, K(+) -ATPase activity of parietal cells were measured. The effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) and L-arginine (L-Arg) on the H+, K(+)-ATPase activity of parietal cells and stress-induced gastric mucosal lesion were observed.

RESULTSL-NAME pretreatment decreased NO contents in gastric mucosa, activated H+, K(+) -ATPase activity of parietal cells and aggravated gastric mucosal lesion, whereas L-Arg pretreatment increased NO contents, inhibited H+, K(+) -ATPase activity and significantly ameliorated stress-induced gastric mucosal lesion.

CONCLUSIONEndogenous nitric oxide plays an important role in protecting gastric mucosa from stress-induced lesion by inhibiting H+, K(+) -ATPase activity of parietal cells.

Animals ; Arginine ; metabolism ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Parietal Cells, Gastric ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach Ulcer ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stress, Physiological

AIMThe relationship between gastric acid secretion and ATP level, and regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA expression by vagus nerve were studied in vagotomies rats.

METHODSWith the high selective vagotomy model, the gastric acidity was titrated to pH 7.0 with 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution and ATP contents were quantified by using fluorimetry. The expression of UCP2 mRNA was observed by using Northern blot in stomach of rats.

RESULTSBoth of gastric acidity and ATP contents in stomach body decreased significantly at 24 h after vagotomy. The expression of UCP2 mRNA was markedly increased as compared with sham operation group.

CONCLUSIONATP contents decreased and vagus nerve down-regulates expression of UCP2 mRNA in stomach corpus in vagotomies rats. The results indicates that vagus nerve could underlay the gastric acidity by inhibiting expression of UCP2 mRNA and increasing ATP contents in rats.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Animals ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Ion Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uncoupling Protein 2 ; Vagotomy ; Vagus Nerve ; metabolism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data from previous studies on gastric acid secretion and the prevalence of H. pylori in liver cirrhosis patients remain poorly defined. H. pylori is a potential source of NH3, but the possible role of H. pylori in hepatic encephalopathy is not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare gastric acid secretion, the impact of H. pylori infection, and the production of NH3 between cirrhotic patients and healthy, matched controls. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with liver cirrhosis (HBV, n=12; Alcohol, n=12; HCV, n=5) were matched with 33 healthy persons for age and sex. None of the patients or controls were being treated with antacids, H2-receptor blockers or proton pump inhibitors. The pH and NH3 concentration was measured in gastric juice obtained by endoscopy. H. pylori infection was diagnosed using the rapid urease test. The level of NH3 in venous blood was also measured. RESULTS: The average gastric pH was significantly higher in cirrhosis patients compared to controls (3.91 vs. 2.99, P<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of hypochlorhydria (defined as pH>4) was significantly greater in cirrhosis patients (45 vs. 21%, P<0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of H. pylori infection (62% vs. 58%) and gastric NH3 concentrations (3.4 vs. 3.3 mM/L) were similar between both groups. However, venous NH3 levels were significantly higher in cirrhotics than in controls (63.1 vs. 25.2 micro M/L, P<0.05). The patients with H. pylori infection had significantly higher gastric NH3 concentration (3.8 vs. 1.6 mM/L) and gastric pH (3.87 vs. 2.76, P<0.05) than those without infection, but no significant difference in venous NH3 levels were detected (39.6 vs. 48.1 micro M/L). In patients with cirrhosis, the presence of H. pylori infection was not correlated with either gastric or blood NH3 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The gastric pH of liver cirrhosis patients is higher than that of controls and a larger proportion of cirrhotic patients have hypochlorhydria. The prevalence of H. pylori in liver cirrhosis patients was similar to that in controls and no correlation was found between gastric and blood NH3 levels. Thus, H. pylori infection does not seem to play a major role in generation of elevated NH3 associated with hepatic encephalopathy.
Achlorhydria/complications ; Ammonia/analysis ; English Abstract ; Female ; Gastric Acid/secretion ; *Gastric Acidity Determination ; Helicobacter Infections/*complications/physiopathology ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liver Cirrhosis/*metabolism/microbiology/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged