Humans ; Neutrophils ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; HIV Infections ; Isoantigens

Objective To investigate the effect of hyponatremia on the survival of cancer patients treated with camrelizumab.Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 100 patients treated with camrelizumab for the first time in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from May 2019 to May 2020 were collected retrospectively,and the patients were divided into hyponatremia group and normal blood sodium group according to the blood sodium level at baseline before immunotherapy.Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used to analyze survival of patients.Cox regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of hyponatremia on prognosis.Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender,age,body mass index,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS)score,nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002)score,tumor site,TNM stage,metastasis site number,and concurrent medication between the two groups.The median overall survival in the hyponatremia group and the normal sodium group was 3.9 months(95%CI 2.864-5.136)and 14.967 months(95%CI 6.840-23.093),respectively(P＜0.05);the median progression-free survival in the hyponatremia group and the normal sodium group was 2.933 months(95%CI 2.420-3.447)and 7.0 months(95%CI 4.103-9.897),respectively(P＜0.05).After adjusting for primary tumor,statistically differences were also observed in both overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups(P＜0.05).The multivariate Cox analysis showed that both the death and disease progression risks of patients with hyponatremia increased(P＜0.05).After adjusting for age,gender,primary tumor site,and TNM staging,the blood sodium level remained independent influences on both overall survival and progression-free survival of patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion Baseline hyponatremia may be associated with the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors treated with camrelizumab,and further validation is warranted through large-scale prospective studies.

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.
Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Malocclusion/prevention & control* ; Orthodontics, Interceptive

Humans ; Male ; Protein Kinases ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa

italic>Asparagus cochinchinensis is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with steroidal saponins as its main active ingredients. Due to the structural similarity and size of the steroidal saponins, these compounds cannot always be effectively separated by a combination of normal phase silica gel column chromatography and reversed phase ODS column chromatography. In this experiment, chromatographic columns with different separation mechanisms were systematically screened, and it was found that a chiral chromatographic cellulose column could effectively separate these components. This column was used to separate 3 mixtures to obtain 6 single compounds (1-6). Structural identification showed that the singular structural difference between these poorly separated components resides in a terminal glycosyl group (xylose or rhamnose) in the C-3 glycosyl chain, and compounds 4 and 6 are two new steroidal saponins. Since the structures of compounds are often unknown during the isolation and purification of natural products, chiral columns are rarely used. This study suggests that chiral chromatographic columns are a valuable option for natural products that are difficult to separate by conventional means.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different types of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and hormone therapy in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). METHODS: The clinical data and serological characteristics of 40 patients with AIHA treated in our hospital from 2014 to 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The efficacy and safety of different type of RBC transfusion and hormone therapy were evaluated according to the principle of minimally incompatible RBC transfusion after cross-matching. RESULTS: Among 40 patients with AIHA, the female cases were more than the male cases, the cases of secondary AIHA was more than cases of primary AIHA, and the warm autoantibodies were in the majority. 11 cases of AIHA underwent 26 times minimally incompatible red blood cell transfusions. The total effective rate was 46.2%, the partial efficiency was 23.1%, and total inefficiency was 30.8%. Among them, the same type of non-washing red blood cell group showed efficiency of 42.1%, partial effective rate of 21.1%, and inefficiency of 36.8%; the same type of washed red blood cell group showed efficiency of 57.1%, partial effective rate of 28.6%, and inefficiency of 14.3%. the infusion effects was not significanly different between the two groups, and no hemolytic transfusion reaction occurred. In the hormone-treated group, the complete remission rate was 15.2%, the partial remission rate was 63.6%, and the ineffective rate was 21.2%. Among them, the side effects appeared in 2 patients after using hormones. CONCLUSION When AIHA patients need blood transfusion, use the same type of non-washed red blood cells or homologous washed cells is relatively safe, and the difference in efficacy is not significant. The partial remission of patients received hormone therapy is much higher than that of red blood cell transfusion, but the side effects easily happen.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Autoantibodies ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province. METHODS: The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017. RESULTS: The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The flower color of Dendrobium catenatum(D. officinale) tends to fade during storage. In order to clarify the influence of storage conditions on the pigment components in flowers, two conditions were applied:temperature and illumination. The contents of pigments in the D. catenatum flower were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC, and the changes of them during storage were analyzed. The results showed that illumination and temperature had an effect on the pigments of D. catenatum flower during sto-rage. Illumination significantly promoted the degradation of pigments. The contents of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins in the light samples were significantly lower than those in the dark. The total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins in the light samples were decreased by 46.5%, 63.4%, and 69.2% respectively. Illumination had a greater effect on fat-soluble pigments than water-soluble pigments. Among the three temperature treatments, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin were as follows:-20 ℃>4 ℃>room temperature, it is indicated that-20 ℃ was the best temperature to maintain the stability of pigment composition. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin in the light samples decreased by 34.8%, 69.0%, 72.5%, 61.6%, 36.1%, respectively. After storage for 5 months, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin constituent at-20 ℃ was significantly higher than those at 4 ℃ and room temperature. The results show that light avoiding and low-temperature can effectively slow down the degradation of pigment components. Therefore, it is suggested that D. catenatum flower should be stored in light avoiding and low-temperature conditions in actual production and processing, which can prolong the usable time.
Anthocyanins/analysis* ; Carotenoids/analysis* ; Chlorophyll/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium/chemistry* ; Drug Storage ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Light ; Pigments, Biological/analysis* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Spectrophotometry ; Temperature

A bioassay method for inhibiting platelet aggregation in vitro was established to quantify the pharmacological effects of Compound Danshen Tablets and support its quality control. The inhibition of platelet aggregation in rabbit plasma in vitro by Compound Danshen Tablets was used as the experimental system. The titer was calculated by using the method of dose-response parallel lines. As a result, a bioassay for the inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro by Compound Danshen Tablets was established. Linearity was good in the concentration range of 0.128 g·mL^-1 to 0.205 g·mL^-1, and the titer of standard Compound Danshen tablets was 7 659 U·g^-1 according to the titer definition. This in vitro assay was simple, reliable, reproducible and convenient. The activity of Compound Danshen Tablets in inhibiting platelet aggregation was quantified by potency assay and the quality of different batches was evaluated. The method can be applied for the quality control of Compound Danshen Tablets.

Viral infections cause at least 10%-15% of all human carcinomas. Over the last century, the elucidation of viral oncogenic roles in many cancer types has provided fundamental knowledge on carcinogenetic mechanisms and established a basis for the early intervention of virus-related cancers. Meanwhile, rapidly evolving genome-editing techniques targeting viral DNA/RNA have emerged as novel therapeutic strategies for treating virus-related carcinogenesis and have begun showing promising results. This review discusses the recent advances of genome-editing tools for treating tumorigenic viruses and their corresponding cancers, the challenges that must be overcome before clinically applying such genome-editing technologies, and more importantly, the potential solutions to these challenges.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; therapy ; virology ; Gene Editing ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Tumor Virus Infections ; complications