Objective To explore the application value of Fast Dixon technique in MR hip joint scanning.Methods Fifty young volunteers were recruited to perform axial and coronal MR scans of the hip joint.The scanning sequence was Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.A double-blind five-point scale was used to subjectively evaluate the image quality of the two types sequences.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the axial image were measured at the maximum level of the bladder display.Results In the scores of"good contrast between surrounding tissue and femoral head signal"and"overall image quality",the Fast Dixon T2WI sequence was better than the conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average scores of"whether bladder artifacts affected the diagnosis"and"whether the fat suppression effect was good"between Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence(P>0.05).In the objective image quality evaluation,the SNR and CNR of Fast Dixon T2WI sequence were better than those of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The image quality score of the hip joint of young volunteers with Fast Dixon T2WI sequence combined with multiple averaging excitation technique is significantly higher than that of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.The Fast Dixon T2WI sequence can increase the effect of inhibiting fat and motion artifacts without increasing the scanning time,and the joint face ratio is good.Fast Dixon technique can replace the traditional Dixon technique,thus becoming an optimal choice for hip joint MR scanning.

Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling pathway associated with embryonic development, organ formation, cancer, and fibrosis. Its activation can repair kidney damage during acute kidney injury (AKI) and accelerate the occurrence of renal fibrosis after chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, p53 has also been found as a key modulator in AKI and CKD in recent years. Meantime, some studies have found crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and p53, but more evidence is required on whether they have synergistic effects in renal disease progression. This article reviews the role and therapeutic targets of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 in AKI and CKD and proposes for the first time that Wnt/β-catenin and p53 have a synergistic effect in the treatment of renal injury.

Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling pathway associated with embryonic development, organ formation, cancer, and fibrosis. Its activation can repair kidney damage during acute kidney injury (AKI) and accelerate the occurrence of renal fibrosis after chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, p53 has also been found as a key modulator in AKI and CKD in recent years. Meantime, some studies have found crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and p53, but more evidence is required on whether they have synergistic effects in renal disease progression. This article reviews the role and therapeutic targets of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 in AKI and CKD and proposes for the first time that Wnt/β-catenin and p53 have a synergistic effect in the treatment of renal injury.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling pathway associated with embryonic development, organ formation, cancer, and fibrosis. Its activation can repair kidney damage during acute kidney injury (AKI) and accelerate the occurrence of renal fibrosis after chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, p53 has also been found as a key modulator in AKI and CKD in recent years. Meantime, some studies have found crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and p53, but more evidence is required on whether they have synergistic effects in renal disease progression. This article reviews the role and therapeutic targets of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 in AKI and CKD and proposes for the first time that Wnt/β-catenin and p53 have a synergistic effect in the treatment of renal injury.

Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling pathway associated with embryonic development, organ formation, cancer, and fibrosis. Its activation can repair kidney damage during acute kidney injury (AKI) and accelerate the occurrence of renal fibrosis after chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, p53 has also been found as a key modulator in AKI and CKD in recent years. Meantime, some studies have found crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and p53, but more evidence is required on whether they have synergistic effects in renal disease progression. This article reviews the role and therapeutic targets of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 in AKI and CKD and proposes for the first time that Wnt/β-catenin and p53 have a synergistic effect in the treatment of renal injury.

Objective:To understand the spectrum of pathogens and epidemic characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases in influenza virus-negative influenza-like cases in Yantai, and provide reference for disease prevention and control and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From March 2020 to February 2021, nasopharyngeal swab samples of 233 influenza virus-negative influenza like cases were collected in all sentinel hospitals monitored by Yantai National Influenza Network Laboratory, and 22 respiratory pathogens were detected by multiple fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze epidemiological characteristics.Results:The total pathogen detection rate of 233 samples was 69.96% (163/233). A total of 17 respiratory pathogens were detected. The top three pathogens were human coronavirus (HCoV, 32.62%), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RhV/EV, 17.17%) and Legionella pneumophila (LP, 16.74%). The detection rates in different age groups were 80.28% (57/71) in the 0-15 years old group, 62.65% (52/83) in the 16-30 years old group, 68.18% (30/44) in the 31-45 years old group, 64.28% (9/14) in the 46-60 years old group, and 71.43% (15/21) in the >60 years old group. There was no significant difference among the groups. Respiratory pathogens were detected throughout the year, mainly in a single pathogen carrying mode (44.21%), and there was no significant difference in the physical examination rate of respiratory pathogens in different seasons. The seasonal prevalence of various pathogens was different, and the detection rate of HCoV 229E was the highest in spring (68.75%); the detection rate of rhinovirus/enterovirus was higher in autumn (26.98%) and winter (23.08%); the detection rate of LP was high in spring (19.05%) and summer (27.27%); the detection rate of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in spring (22.22%) was significantly higher than that in summer (3.64%). The number of HPIV and Bordetella pertussis (Bp) detected in the 0-15 year old group was the highest, and the detection rate was statistically significant among different age groups. Conclusions:The continuous monitoring of respiratory pathogens such as HCoV, RhV, EV, LP, HPIV should be strengthened to understand their epidemiologic characteristics and the standardization of pathogenicity, which provides data support and reference for epidemiological investigation of outbreaks that may be caused by other pathogens.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and to investigate the possible mechanism of the positive effect of PBM on Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Twenty-four SD male rats were randomly divided into PBM group (n=12), sham PBM group (n=6), and negative control group (n=6). According to the injection site of tracer, the PBM group was further divided into PBM-ipsilateral traced group (n=6) and PBM-contralateral traced group (n=6). Rats in the PBM group and the sham PBM group were exposed to the dura minimally invasively on the skull corresponding to the frontal cortical area reached by ISF drainage from caudate nucleus region. The PBM group was irradiated by using 630 nm red light (5-6 mW/cm²), following an irradiation of 5 min with a 2 min pause, and a total of 5 times; the sham PBM group was kept in the same position for the same time using the light without power. The negative control group was kept without any measure. After PBM, tracer was injected into caudate nucleus of each group. The changes of ISF drainage in caudate nucleus were observed according to the diffusion and distribution of tracer molecule by tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging, and the structural changes of brain extracellular space (ECS) were analyzed by diffusion rate in ECS-mapping (D_ECS-mapping) technique. Finally, parameters reflecting the structure of brain ECS and the drainage of ISF were obtained: volume fraction (α), tortuo-sity (λ), half-life (T_1/2), and D_ECS. The differences of parameters among different groups were compared to analyze the effect of PBM on brain ECS and ISF. One-Way ANOVA post hoc tests and independent sample t test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The parameters including T_1/2, D_ECS, and λ were significantly different among the PBM-ipsilateral traced group, the PBM-contralateral traced group, and the sham PBM group (F=79.286, P < 0.001; F=13.458, P < 0.001; F=10.948, P=0.001), while there was no difference in the parameter α of brain ECS among the three groups (F=1.217, P=0.324). Compared with the sham PBM group and the PBM-contralateral traced group, the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant decrease in the parameter T_1/2 [(45.45±6.76) min vs. (76.01±3.44) min, P < 0.001; (45.45±6.76) min vs. (78.07±4.27) min, P < 0.001], representing a significant acceleration of ISF drainage; the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant increase in the parameter D_ECS [(4.51±0.77)×10^-4 mm²/s vs. (3.15±0.44)×10^-4 mm²/s, P < 0.001; (4.51±0.77)×10^-4 mm²/s vs. (3.01±0.38)×10^-4 mm²/s, P < 0.001], representing a significantly increased molecular diffusion rate of in the brain ECS; the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant decrease in the parameter λ (1.51±0.21 vs. 1.85±0.12, P=0.001; 1.51±0.21 vs. 1.89±0.11, P=0.001), representing a significant decrease in the degree of tortuosity in the brain ECS. CONCLUSION PBM can regulate the brain ISF drainage actively, which may be one of the potential mechanisms of the effect of PBM therapy on AD. This study provides a new method for enhancing the brain function via ECS pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Alzheimer Disease ; Brain ; Drainage ; Extracellular Fluid ; Gadolinium DTPA/metabolism* ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerotic plaque could go through rapid progression and induce adverse cardiac events. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of smoking status on clinical outcomes of coronary non-target lesions. METHODS: Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease who underwent two serial coronary angiographies were included. All coronary non-target lesions were recorded at first coronary angiography and analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography at both procedures. Patients were grouped into non-smokers, quitters, and smokers according to their smoking status. Clinical outcomes including rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and myocardial infarction were recorded at second coronary angiography. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between smoking status and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1255 patients and 1670 lesions were included. Smokers were younger and more likely to be male compared with non-smokers. Increase in percent diameter stenosis was significantly lower (2.7 [0.6, 7.1] % vs. 3.5 [0.9, 8.9]%) and 3.4 [1.1, 7.7]%, P = 0.020) in quitters than those in smokers and non-smokers. Quitters tended to have a decreased incidence of rapid lesions progression (15.8% [76/482] vs. 21.6% [74/342] and 20.6% [89/431], P = 0.062), lesion re-vascularization (13.1% [63/482] vs. 15.5% [53/432] and 15.5% [67/431], P = 0.448), lesion-related myocardial infarction (0.8% [4/482] vs. 2.6% [9/342] and 1.4% [6/431], P = 0.110) and all-cause myocardial infarction (1.9% [9/482] vs. 4.1% [14/342] and 2.3% [10/431], P = 0.128) compared with smokers and non-smokers. In multivariable analysis, smoking status was not an independent predictor for rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and lesion-related myocardial infarction except that a higher risk of all-cause myocardial infarction was observed in smokers than non-smokers (hazards ratio: 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-8.62, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Smoking cessation mitigates the increase in percent diameter stenosis of coronary non-target lesions, meanwhile, smokers are associated with increased risk for all-cause myocardial infarction compared with non-smokers.

KangFuXinYe (KFX), the ethanol extract of the dried whole body of Periplaneta americana, is a well-known important Chinese medicine preparation that has been used to treat digestive diseases such as gastric ulcers for many years in China. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are not yet well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastro-protective effects of KangFuXinYe (KFX) in indomethacin-induced gastric damage. Rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control, treated with indomethacin (35 mg·kg), different dosages of KFX (2.57, 5.14 and 10.28 mL·kg, respectively) plus indomethacin, and sucralfate (1.71 mL·kg) plus indomethacin. After treatment, rat serum, stomach and gastric homogenates were collected for biochemical tests and examination of histopathology firstly. Rat serum was further used for metabolomics analysis to research possible mechanisms. Our results showed that KFX treatment alleviated indomethacin-induced histopathologic damage in rat gastric mucosa. Meanwhile, its treatment significantly increased cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), prostaglandin E (PGE) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in rat serum and gastric mucosa. Moreover, KFX decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Nine metabolites were identified which intensities significantly changed in gastric damage rats, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoxylsulfuric acid, indolelactic acid, 4-hydroxyindole, pantothenic acid, isobutyryl carnitine, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and indometacin. These metabolic deviations came to closer to normal levels after KFX intervention. The results indicate that KFX (10.28 mL·kg) exerts protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric damage by possible mechanisms of action (regulating tryptophan metabolism, protecting the mitochondria, and adjusting lipid metabolism, and reducing excessive indomethacin).