Objective:To investigate the expression of RAD18 in colon cancer and its correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Methods:The glass slice of colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients (73 cases) who underwent surgical treatment at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from November 2013 to November 2023 were collected.The expression of RAD18 in colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed in the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database and verified by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between RAD18 expression and clinicopathological features of colon cancer patients was analyzed. HCT116 and HT29 cells were cultured in vitro, and the control group and transfection group ( transfected with RAD18 shRNA to knock down RAD18 ) were set up. The expression of RAD18 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. The effect of RAD18 on colon cancer cell proliferation was explored using clonogenic assays and cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The correlation between RAD18 and PCNA was investigated by GEPIA and immunohistochemical staining. Results:The GEPIA database analysis showed that the expression of RAD18 in colon cancer tissue ( n = 275) was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues ( n = 349, P < 0.05). RAD18 was expressed at higher levels in colon cancer tissue than that in adjacent normal tissues and was not expressed at high levels in the latter. The expression of RAD18 was closely related to tumor size in the low-expression group and high-expression group of patients ( P = 0.015) but was not related to age ( P = 0.115), gender ( P = 0.665), or tumor differentiation ( P = 0.733). Compared with the control group, the expressions of RAD18 in the transfection group of HCT116 and HT29 cells were both reduced (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the clone cell number and absorbance ( A) value of HCT116 and HT29 cells in the transfection group were decreased (all P < 0.05). GEPIA database analysis showed that RAD18 was correlated with PCNA ( R = 0.27, P < 0.05), and the expression level of PCNA was higher in colon cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Conclusions:RAD18 is expressed at a higher level in colon cancer tissues and may promote colorectal cancer proliferation by affecting PCNA.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic therapy mode led by fast-track specialist nurses on patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods This study involved 124 AIS patients who underwent intravenous thrombolytic therapy in the Department of Emergency of our hospital from March 2021 to February 2023.Among the patients,61 admitted between March 2021 and February 2022 received conventional AIS thrombolytic therapy were assigned to a control group.While the 63 patients who received AIS thrombolytic therapy under the specialist nurse-led intravenous thrombolytic therapy mode between March 2022 and February 2023 were assigned to an observation group.The two groups were compared in terms of the time from admission to completion of CT examination,time for signing the informed consent for thrombolytic therapy,door to needle time and percentage of DTN<60 minutes,as well as the post-thrombolysis scores according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and satisfaction to medical consultation.Results The observation group exhibited a significantly shorter time from admission to completion of CT examination,a shorter time for signing an informed consent for thrombolytic therapy,a shorter door to needle time and a higher percentage of DTN<60 minutes,all with significant difference in comparison with those in the control group.After thrombolysis,the NIHSS score of the observation group decreased more than that of the control group(P<0.05).The patients and their families in the observation group reported significantly higher satisfaction compared to those in the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion The fast-track specialist nurse-led intravenous thrombolytic therapy mode demonstrates the superiority in reduction of the time from admission to completion of CT examination,time for signing an informed consent for thrombolytic therapy,door to needle time and the NIHSS scores,higher percentage of DTN<60 minutes as well as improvement of patient satisfaction.

Lymphoma refers to a group of heterogeneous malignancies originating from the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems. The clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and disease outcomes of different types of lymphoma considerably vary. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular stratification of lymphoma. In the era of new drugs, precise stratification and targeted drug selection can not only improve the prognosis of patients with lymphoma but also reduce the toxic side effects of traditional chemotherapy, ultimately achieving the accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment of tumors. This article reviews the research progress of molecular diagnosis and individualized treatment of different lymphoma subtypes and lymphoma-related research in important meetings such as ASCO, EHA, and ICML in 2023.

Chitosanases represent a class of glycoside hydrolases with high catalytic activity on chitosan but nearly no activity on chitin. Chitosanases can convert high molecular weight chitosan into functional chitooligosaccharides with low molecular weight. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the research on chitosanases. This review summarizes and discusses its biochemical properties, crystal structures, catalytic mechanisms, and protein engineering, highlighting the preparation of pure chitooligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis. This review may advance the understandings on the mechanism of chitosanases and promote its industrial applications.
Chitosan/chemistry* ; Chitin ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics* ; Protein Engineering ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry* ; Hydrolysis

The clinical data of 5 patients with pneumonia type lung cancer from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The results showed that the clinical symptoms of the 5 patients were cough and expectoration.The infection index was mildly abnormal, and the tumor marker index was increased.After anti infection treatment, the effect was not good.The diagnosis of pneumonia type lung cancer was confirmed by improving the fiberoptic bronchoscopy biopsy.Due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations, if the early diagnosis of pneumonia type lung cancer can not be confirmed, the chest imaging can be reviewed after anti infection treatment, and the pathological basis can be obtained by timely improvement of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lymph node metastasis of early gastric cance.Methods:The data of 176 early gastric cancer patients (EGC) undergoing radical gastrectomy were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Lymph node (LN) metastasis occurred in 24 patients. The average harvested LN in the negative group was 23±13, and that in the positive group was 30±16, ( t=0.327, P=0.015). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the depth of tumor invasion ( χ2=3.997, P=0.046), degree of pathological differentiation ( χ2=9.919, P=0.007), vascular invasion ( χ2=35.145, P=0.000) and nerve invasion ( χ2=13.343, P=0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that vascular infiltration ( OR=16.172, 95% CI: 4.781-55.875), nerve infiltration ( OR=1.365, 95% CI: 1.029-14.897), infiltration depth ( OR=1.859, 95% CI: 1.844-22.711) were independent risk factors for LN metastasis in early gastric cancer ( P<0.05). The overall 3-year survival rate was 96.6%, and the 5-year survival rate was 91.6%. Conclusion:The lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer is related to the degree of differentiation, the depth of invasion, vascular invasion, nerve invasion and the number of lymph node dissected.

Summary Vertical nystagmus is a vertical nystagmus caused by structural abnormalities and/or dysfunction of the central vestibular system and observed in situ in the center of the eyeball. There are two kinds of nystagmus （UBN） and downbeat nystagmus （DBN） according to the direction of nystagmus. The diagnosis of UBN is mainly made by naked eye or electronystagmography/viewer. It is a common neuro-ophthalmologic sign in the field of vestibular medicine. In this paper, the mechanism of vertical nystagmus formation and the location of lesions were briefly introduced, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 in colorectal tumors.Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immuno assay (ECLIA) were used to determine the serum TK1 levels and serum CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA72-4 levels in 124 patients with colorectal cancer, 52 patients with colorectal precancerous lesions, 154 patients with benign colorectal lesions, and 106 health subjects. The relationship between serum TK1 and its clinicopathological characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 alone and combined detection for colorectal cancer was investigated.Results:The serum expression level of TK1 in patients with colorectal cancer was related to tumor stage, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and age (all P<0.05), but not related to the patient's gender ( P>0.05). The serum TK1 level decreased sequentially in colorectal cancer patients, precancerous lesions patients, benign lesions patients and healthy subjects. Colorectal cancer patients with high TK1 expression have a shorter survival time. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the combined detection of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 were 93.5%, 93.0%, and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Serum TK1 is expected to become an independent marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. The combined detection of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 has clinical significance in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the basic knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among physicians in primary hospitals (county and township hospitals) in Shanxi province.Methods:A electronic questionnaire survey that included questions on basic knowledge, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of COPD was conducted. The questionnaire was distributed through Wechat communication by convenient sampling among physicians and respiratory specialists in primary hospitals in Shanxi province.Results:A total of 1 162 questionnaires were collected, among which 1 100 were valid (882 from county hospitals and 218 from township hospitals). The results showed that 768 (69.8%) considered that smoking and biomass fuel exposure were the main risk factors of COPD, while 639 (58.1%) thought that COPD patients needed to quit smoking. Only 334 respondents (30.4%) indicated that their COPD knowledge was derived from guidelines; 764 respondents (69.5%) considered pulmonary function tests as the gold standard for diagnosing COPD, but only 407 (37.0%) provided correct answers for the specific criteria of pulmonary function, and only 98 respondents (8.9%) correctly identified the diagnostic criteria for severe COPD. In comparison with the county hospital group, fewer doctors in the township hospitals received their COPD knowledge from guidelines [23.9%(52/218) vs.32.0%(282/882), χ 2=5.450, P<0.05]; more doctors in the township hospitals experienced difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD, including inadequate spirometers in their hospitals [59.6%(130/218) vs. 45.2% (399/882), χ 2=14.509, P<0.01] and significantly inadequate COPD medications [42.7%(93/218) vs.34.2%(302/882), χ 2=5.385, P<0.05]. Significantly lower proportions of general physicians performed pulmonary function tests for COPD patients (χ 2=12.638, P<0.01) and provided correct answers for the diagnostic criteria for severe COPD [6.6%(46/692) vs. 12.7%(52/408), χ 2=11.760, P<0.01] in comparison with respiratory specialists. Conclusions:Doctors in primary hospitals in Shanxi have an inadequate knowledge of COPD. Strengthening COPD-related education and promoting the use of guidelines among doctors remain important issues for successful management of COPD.

Vertical nystagmus is a vertical nystagmus caused by structural abnormalities and/or dysfunction of the central vestibular system and observed in situ in the center of the eyeball. There are two kinds of nystagmus （UBN） and downbeat nystagmus （DBN） according to the direction of nystagmus. The diagnosis of UBN is mainly made by naked eye or electronystagmography/viewer. It is a common neuro-ophthalmologic sign in the field of vestibular medicine. In this paper, the mechanism of vertical nystagmus formation and the location of lesions were briefly introduced, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo.