ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Dayuanyin on acute lung injury induced by H1N1 infection and decipher the potential mechanism. MethodThe constituents in Dayuanyin were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. Forty-eight female BALB/c mice were randomized into normal， model， oseltamivir （19.5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.73， 5.46， 10.92 g·kg^-1） Dayuanyin groups. The normal and model groups were administrated with deionized water by gavage， and the other groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage. On day 3 of drug administration， the normal group received nasal inhalation of normal saline， and the other groups were inoculated intranasally with A/RP/8/34 （H1N1） for the modeling of influenza virus infection. Mice were administrated with drugs continuously for 7 days and weighed daily. Sampling was performed 12 h after the last administration， and the lung tissue was weighed to calculate the lung index. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological and morphological changes of the lung tissue and bronchi. The cytometric bead array （CBA） was used to measure the serum levels of interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）， C-X-C motif ligand 1 （CXCL1）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， chemokine ligand 2 （CCL2）， interleukin-12p70 （IL-12p70）， chemokine ligand 5 （CCL5）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， chemokine （C-X-C motif） ligand 10 （CXCL10）， granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， interferon-beta （IFN-β）， interferon-alpha （IFN-α）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. According to the results of mass spectrometry and network pharmacology， we analyzed the mechanism of Dayuanyin in treating acute lung injury caused by H1N1. The protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， and their phosphorylated forms were determined by Western blot. The mRNA levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， Toll-like receptor 3 （TLR3）， Toll-like receptor 7 （TLR7）， and Toll-like receptor 8 （TLR8） in the lung tissue were measured by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultA total of 57 compounds， including paeoniflorin and baicalein， were detected in Dayuanyin. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased body weight （P<0.01）， lung edema and hemorrhage， increased lung index （P<0.01）， and elevated levels of IFN-γ， IL-12p70， CCL5， IL-1β， CXCL10， GM-CSF， IFN-β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Dayuanyin attenuated alveolar wall thickening， capillary congestion， and immune cell infiltration， reduced the alterations in body weight and lung index （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of IFN-γ， IL-12p70， CCL5， IL-1β， CXCL10， GM-CSF， IFN-β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）. A total of 57 key genes were predicted by network pharmacological analysis， of which the MAPK signaling pathway was the main target signaling pathway. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed up-regulation in the protein levels of phosphorylation （p）-ERK1/2， p-p38 MAPK， and p-NF-κB （P<0.01） and the mRNA levels of TLR7， TLR8， MyD88， and TLR3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Dayuanyin lowered the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2， p38 MAPK， and NF-κB p65 in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.01） and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR3， TLR7， TLR8， and MyD88 （P<0.01）. ConclusionDayuanyin can prevent and control H1N1 infection-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of dandelion flavone(DF)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced colon epithelial cell injury by intervening oxidative stress and inflammation with AT-specific binding protein 2(SATB2).Methods Colon epithelial cells FHC were cultured.FHC cells were randomly divided into control group(normal cultured),LPS group(10 μg·mL-1 LPS),experimental-L group(10 μg·mL-1 LPS+1 μmol·L-1 DF),experimental-H group(10 μg·mL-1 LPS+5 μmol·L-1 DF),experimental-H+sh-NC group(transfected with sh-NC+10 μg·mL-1 LPS+5 μmol·mL-1 DF),experimental-H+sh-SATB2 group(transfected with sh-SATB2+10 μg·mL-1 LPS+5μmol·L-1 DF).The relative expression level of SATB2 protein in FHC cells was detected by Western blotting.The survival rate of FHC cells in each group was determined by tetramethylazolium blue(MTT).The apoptosis rate of FHC cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in FHC cells were detected by the kit.Results The relative expression levels of SATB2 protein in control group,LPS group,experimental-H group,experimental-H+sh-NC group and experimental-H+sh-SATB2 group were 0.83±0.09,0.19±0.03,0.66±0.05,0.62±0.07 and 0.23±0.03,respectively;cell viability rates were(100.00±1.00)％,(48.16±4.31)％,(85.31±5.83)％,(81.39±6.47)％and(58.75±5.24)％,respectively;cell apoptosis rates were(3.27±0.81)％,(41.26±2.09)％,(11.35±1.04)％,(10.29±1.26)％and(35.87±2.15)％,respectively;MDA levels were(13.16±1.73),(52.87±3.49),(23.19±2.05),(20.98±3.17)and(44.87±3.05)μmol·L-1,respectively;IL-6 levels were(507.18±103.26),(2 132.09±198.15),(883.16±136.92),(801.69±119.85)and(1 736.29±206.91)pg·mL-1,respectively.The above indicators in the LPS group showed significant differences compared to the control group(all P＜0.05);the above indicators in the experimental-H group showed significant differences compared to the LPS group(all P＜0.05);the above indicators in the experimental-H+sh-SATB2 group showed significant differences compared to the experimental-H+sh-NC group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion DF has a protective effect on LPS-induced colon epithelial cell injury by intervening oxidative stress and inflammation through SATB2.

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the transcription factor myeloma cancer gene (MYC) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA(miRNA, miR) and ciccular RNA(circRNAs) at 0 hour and 6 hour in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy，PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA together named as competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA) of remnant liver were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at 0 hour and 6 hours after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 0.15±0.03 and 2.36±0.20, miR-540-3p displays 3.00±0.43 and 0.79±0.01, circRNA_04996 showed 1.43±0.43 and 3.14±0.94. At the same time, the four kinds of inflammatory reaction-related genes plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2), ect, which were prometed in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at 0 hour after PH, but the inflammatory reaction-related genes natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), nuclear receptor subfamily O group B member 2 (NROB2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA), which were inhibited in expression by MYC, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the three kinds of inflammatory reaction-related genes PLAUR, TNF, IL1R2, ect, which are prometed in expression by MYC, were up-regulated at 6 hours after PH, but the inflammatory reaction-related genes NPPA, NROB2 and PPARA, which were inhibited in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at 6 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNA, which are inhibited by circRNAs, MYC, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the inflammatory reaction-related genes, which are regulated by MYC, and are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in non-inflammatory reaction state at 0 hour after PH and to be in inflammatory reaction state at 6 hours after PH.

β-Klotho (KLB) is a member of the Klotho protein family, which is mainly distributed in organs and tissues such as the liver, fat, pancreas, and brain. KLB is a single-pass transmembrane protein whose structural characteristics determine that KLB acts as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/21 targeting the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs). KLB is involved in the regulation of blood glucose, lipids, body weight, bile acid circulation, and hepatocyte proliferation in the FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs pathway. This paperwill review the structural characteristics and distribution of KLB, as well as the regulatory mechanism of material energy and its role in tumor formation in the FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs pathways.

Objective: To compare the prognostic evaluation value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in rectal cancer patients. Nomogram survival prediction model based on inflammatory markers was constructed. Methods: The clinical and survival data of 585 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cut-off values of NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between different NLR, PLR, LMR and SII levels and the clinic pathological characteristics of the rectal cancer patients were compared. Cox proportional risk model was used for univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram prediction models of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with rectal cancer were established by the R Language software. The internal validation and accuracy of the nomograms were determined by the calculation of concordance index (C-index). Calibration curve was used to evaluate nomograms' efficiency. Results: The optimal cut-off values of preoperative NLR, PLR, LMR and SII of OS for rectal cancer patients were 2.44, 134.88, 4.70 and 354.18, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in tumor differentiation degree between the low NLR group and the high NLR group (P<0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in T stage, N stage, TNM stage, tumor differentiation degree and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level between the low PLR group and the high PLR group (P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in tumor differentiation degree between the low LMR group and the high LMR group (P<0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in T stage, N stage, TNM stage, tumor differentiation degree and preoperative CEA level between the low SII group and the high SII group (P<0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the age (HR=2.221, 95%CI: 1.526-3.231), TNM stage (Ⅲ grade: HR=4.425, 95%CI: 1.848-10.596), grade of differentiation (HR=1.630, 95%CI: 1.074-2.474), SII level (HR=2.949, 95%CI: 1.799-4.835), and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (HR=2.123, 95%CI: 1.506-2.992) were independent risk factors for the OS of patients with rectal cancer. The age (HR=2.107, 95%CI: 1.535-2.893), TNM stage (Ⅲ grade, HR=2.850, 95%CI: 1.430-5.680), grade of differentiation (HR=1.681, 95%CI: 1.150-2.457), SII level (HR=2.309, 95%CI: 1.546-3.447), and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (HR=1.837, 95%CI: 1.369-2.464) were independent risk factors of the DFS of patients with rectal cancer. According to the OS and DFS nomograms predict models of rectal cancer patients established by multivariate COX regression analysis, the C-index were 0.786 and 0.746, respectively. The calibration curve of the nomograms showed high consistence of predict and actual curves. Conclusions: Preoperative NLR, PLR, LMR and SII levels are all correlated with the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, and the SII level is an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with rectal cancer. Preoperative SII level can complement with the age, TNM stage, differentiation degree and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to accurately predict the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, which can provide reference and help for clinical decision.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Humans ; Inflammation/classification* ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Nomograms ; Preoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on chest X-ray (CXR) was commonly found in infertile patients receiving examinations before Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,254 infertile patients who had received IVF-ET at Peking University Third Hospital in 2017. Prior PTB was defined as the presence of signs suggestive of old or inactive PTB on CXR, with or without a clinical TB history. Patients who had prior PTB on CXR but had not received a clinical diagnosis and anti-TB therapy were included for analysis. Live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were compared between the untreated PTB and non-PTB groups. Results: The untreated PTB group had significantly lower clinical pregnancy (31.7% Conclusions Untreated PTB was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET, especially in patients with unexplained infertility, highlighting the clinical significance of PTB in this specific patient population.
Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology* ; Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Embryo Transfer/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/etiology* ; Live Birth/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

Colla Corii Asini(Ejiao)is an important Chinese medicine used in China for thousands of years, and is well known for its famous tonic properties. The herbalogical study was detailed carried out based on the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing, medicinal properties and clinical efficacy. The results showed that the name of Ejiao could be traced back to Shennong's Materia Medica, and various names of Lvpi Jiao, Penfu Jiao and Fuzhi Jiao were recorded in other ancient books. In the many intervening centuries, the main materials of Ejiao had been replaced from cow leather before Tang Dynasty to donkey skin in the middle to late Tang Dynasty. This phenomenon could be probably caused by complicated social factors of various periods and different efficacy of Ejiao made by all kinds of raw materials. Ejiao was merely processed with the simple methods before Tang Dynasty, which subsequently improved avariety of methods to enhance the supplementation action. Most importantly, Ejiao has a wide clinic application along with the development of processing theories and methods, which can be found in various Classics, especially in imperial medical case record in Qing Dynasty.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Gelatin ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To understand the infection status and risk factors of Entamoeba histolytica in inpatients in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the inpatients in Tengchong People’s Hospital, Yunnan Province. After obtaining the informed consent from the subjects, the stool samples were collected from 2016-07-01 to 2017-03-31, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect E. histolytica in the stool samples. Meanwhile, a structured questionnaire was used to record the demographic information and clinical symptoms for the patients. Results Totally 507 cases were recruited, and the detection rate of E. histolytica was 1.97% (10/507, 95% CI: 1.07%-3.59%) in all subjects. There were no significant differences between the inpatients with and without E. histolytica infection in the height (Z = -0.40, P = 0.69), weight (Z = -0.34, P = 0.73), body mass index (Z = -0.40, P = 0.69) and age (Z = -1.48, P = 0.14). Chronic diarrhea (OR = 21.43, 95% CI: 5.04-91.23) and daily drinking water (OR = 11.28, 95% CI: 2.79-45.56) were relevant to E. histolytica infection. No significant association was observed between E. histolytica infection and the clinical symptoms, such as abdominal distension (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.09-5.56), inappetence (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.06-4.02), itchy skin (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.10-6.38), perianal pruritus (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.21-14.07), and constipation (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.13-7.33). Conclusion E. histolytica infection is high in inpatients in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, and chronic diarrhea and drinking unboiled water were highly correlated with E. histolytica infection.

OBJECTIVETo detect the JAK2, CALR and MPL gene mutations in patients with BCR/ABL1 negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases（BCR/ABL1-CMPD）and to evaluate their diagnostic value.

METHODSTwo hundred and eight cases of BCR/ABL1-CMPD comprising of 146 cases of essential thrombocythemia（ET）, 37 cases of polycythemia vera（PV）and 25 cases of primary myelofibrosis（PMF）from March 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled in the BCR/ABL1-CMPD, while 124 cases of secondary thrombocythemia and 73 cases of secondary polycythemia were enrolled in the control group. The genomic DNA and total RNA Were isolated from bone marrow or peripheral blood, then the exons 12 to 20 of JAK2 gene, exon 10 of MPL gene and exons 3 to 9 of CALR gene were analyzed by using DNA sequencing.

RESULTSamong 146 ET patients, the JAK2, CALR or MPL mutations were found in: 138 cases（94.5%）including 86 cases with JAK2V617F mutation（58.9%）and 2 cases（1.4%）with exon 12 of JAK2 mutations. CALR mutations were detected in 41 cases（28.1%）, among them type 1（c.1092_1143del）in 22 cases, type 2（c.1154_1155insTTGTC）in 11 cases, and type 5（c. 1091_1142del）, type 8（c.1104_1137del）, type 41(c.1107_1137del）, type 42(c.1125_1125del）in one case respectively. In addition, 4 cases were detected withother mutations of the CALR gene（c.1107_1115del, c.1111_1144 del, c.1101 A>C, c.1112_1117del）. Moreover, 9 cases harbored MPL mutations（6.2%）. Secondly, 31 patients were detected with JAK2V617F mutation（83.8%）in 37 cases of PV, and JAK2 exon 12 mutations were found in 2 cases（5.4%）. Besides, CALR mutations were detected in 2 cases（5.4%）, including 1 case of type I, the other of novel mutation of CALR. Thirdly, 19 in 25 cases of PMF were detected with JAK2V617F mutation（76%）, 2 cases with CALR mutations（8%）. 4 patients（16%）, JAK2, CALR or MPL mutations were not detected, but among them 3 cases were found harboring other genetic abnormalities. Fourthly, no mutations of JAK2, MPL and CALR genes were detected in 124 patients with secondary thrombocytosis and 73 cases with secondary polycythemia.

CONCLUSIONCombined detection of JAK2, CALR and MPL gene mutations can cover the vast majority of patients with BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. For higher frequencies of the mutations of CALR in ET patients, CALR mutation can be used as a new diagnostic marker in ET patients with JAK2 and MPL wild type.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the potential pharmacological effect of flavonoids in Sophora alopecuroides by network pharmacology. This study predicted the potential targets of 11 flavonoids of S. alopecuroides with help of reversed pharmacophore matching target recognition service platform (PharmMapper). The pathway information was acquired from DAVID and KEGG databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct the "ingredient-target-pathway" network of flavonoids active components of S. alopecuroides. The flavonoids active components of S. alopecuroides play anti-inflammatory, blood sugar regulating and other pharmacological effects by regulating 62 targets (such as INSR，KDR，MET) and intervening 44 pathways, such as B cell receptor signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. In this study, the mechanism of "muti components-multitargets-multiple pathway" of flavonoids was studied. It reflects the multi-components, multi-targets and multiple pathway features of traditional Chinese medicine. Meanwhile, it provides a scientific basis for the elucidation the mechanism of S. alopecuroides as a medicine, and the development and utilization resources of S. alopecuroides.