Transmasculine individuals, considering whether to undergo total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy, have the option to have a concomitant oophorectomy. While studies have evaluated hormone changes following testosterone therapy initiation, most of those patients have not undergone oophorectomy. Data are currently limited to support health outcomes regarding the decision to retain or remove the ovaries. We performed a retrospective chart review of transmasculine patients maintained on high-dose testosterone therapy at a single endocrine clinic in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Twelve transmasculine individuals who underwent bilateral oophorectomy and had presurgical and postsurgical serum data were included. We identified 12 transmasculine subjects as controls, who were on testosterone therapy and did not undergo oophorectomy, but additionally matched to the first group by age, testosterone dosing regimen, and body mass index. There was a statistically significant decrease in the estradiol levels of case subjects postoophorectomy, when compared to presurgical estradiol levels (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between baseline estradiol levels between control and case subjects; however, the difference in estradiol levels at follow-up measurements was significant (P = 0.03). Total testosterone levels did not differ between control and case subjects at baseline and follow-up (both P > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that oophorectomy further attenuates estradiol levels below what is achieved by high-dose exogenous testosterone alone. Correlated clinical outcomes, such as impacts on bone health, were not available. The clinical implications of oophorectomy versus ovarian retention on endocrinological and overall health outcomes are currently limited.
Female ; Humans ; Testosterone/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ovariectomy ; Hysterectomy/methods* ; Estradiol

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are an uncommon group of neoplasms. The visceral pleura is the most common site of origin of these tumors. The colonic mesentery is an unusual site of origin of SFTs. A pre-operative diagnosis of SFT is challenging as there are no pathognomonic clinical or radiological signs. Most patients reported thus far were diagnosed post-operatively with the aid of immunohistochemical markers. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for SFTs. Recurrences are uncommon. However, they can occasionally show aggressive behavior. In this report, we describe two cases of rare colonic mesentery SFTs.

Colorectal cystic lymphangiomas are rare benign lesions. They are characterized by the presence of either single or multi-cystic spaces lined by endothelium. Though there are multiple case reports of right and transverse colonic lymphangioma; only around 10 cases of lymphangioma of the rectum have been reported. We present a case report of rectal lymphangioma with the relevant literature review.

Background: and Purpose Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS)-related stroke occurs due to three primary mechanisms with distinct infarct patterns: (1) borderzone infarcts (BZI) due to impaired distal perfusion, (2) territorial infarcts due to distal plaque/thrombus embolization, and (3) plaque progression occluding perforators. The objective of the systematic review is to determine whether BZI secondary to ICAS is associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke or neurological deterioration. Methods: As part of this registered systematic review (CRD42021265230), a comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant papers and conference abstracts (with ≥20 patients) reporting initial infarct patterns and recurrence rates in patients with symptomatic ICAS. Subgroup analyses were performed for studies including any BZI versus isolated BZI and those excluding posterior circulation stroke. The study outcome included neurological deterioration or recurrent stroke during follow-up. For all outcome events, corresponding risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A literature search yielded 4,478 records with 32 selected during the title/abstract triage for full text; 11 met inclusion criteria and 8 studies were included in the analysis (n=1,219 patients; 341 with BZI). The meta-analysis demonstrated that the RR of outcome in the BZI group compared to the no BZI group was 2.10 (95% CI 1.52–2.90). Limiting the analysis to studies including any BZI, the RR was 2.10 (95% CI 1.38–3.18). For isolated BZI, RR was 2.59 (95% CI 1.24–5.41). RR was 2.96 (95% CI 1.71–5.12) for studies only including anterior circulation stroke patients. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the presence of BZI secondary to ICAS may be an imaging biomarker that predicts neurological deterioration and/or stroke recurrence.

Of all known small molecules targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) capsid protein (CA), PF74 represents by far the best characterized chemotype, due to its ability to confer antiviral phenotypes in both early and late phases of viral replication. However, the prohibitively low metabolic stability renders PF74 a poor antiviral lead. We report herein our medicinal chemistry efforts toward identifying novel and metabolically stable small molecules targeting the PF74 binding site. Specifically, we replaced the inter-domain-interacting, electron-rich indole ring of PF74 with less electron-rich isosteres, including imidazolidine-2,4-dione, pyrimidine-2,4-dione, and benzamide, and identified four potent antiviral compounds (