Objective:To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and chemosensitivity of patients.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and 123 patients were included in the study (12 cases had cancer tissues and normal tissues data, and the remaining 111 only had cancer tissues data). Differential expression of PAK2 in cancer and para-cancer tissues was analyzed by using R software, and the potential function of PAK2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database signaling pathway enrichment. A total of 34 patients with primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma 34 tissue specimens who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively selected from Chaoyang Central Hospital between April 2016 and June 2021, and 20 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissues were selected as the controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PAK2 in various tissues, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. A total of 35 supraglottic primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients were retrospectively collected before induction chemotherapy during the same period, including 20 patients sensitive to chemotherapy and 15 patients resistant to chemotherapy. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of PAK2 mRNA in cancer tissues.Results:Analysis of TCGA database data showed that PAK2 expression was increased in cancer tissues compared with that in para-cancer tissues ( P = 0.012); KEGG database signaling pathways showed that the high expression of PAK2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was related to signal transduction pathways, cell cycle, and cancer. Immunohistochemistry showed that the proportion of PAK2 positive in 34 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal tissues [58.82% (20/34) vs. 0.03% (1/34), 0 (0/20), all P < 0.001]. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of PAK2 positive patients stratified with different degrees of differentiation [high differentiation vs. low or middle differentiation: 33.33% (6/18)vs. 87.50% (14/16)], lymph node metastasis [presence vs. absence: 90.91% (10/11) vs. 43.48% (10/23)], TNM staging [stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ vs. stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ: 82.35% (14/17) vs. 35.29% (6/17)] (all P < 0.05), and PAK2 positive patients were not associated with clinical type, tumor size, smoking history, drinking history, and age (all P > 0.05). qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of PAK2 mRNA in the chemotherapy-resistant group was higher than that in the chemotherapy-sensitive group (3.89±0.12 vs. 0.78±0.23, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The expression level of PAK2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues is increased, and the high expression of PAK2 is closely related to the malignant clinical characteristics of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The high expression of PAK2 may indicate the insensitivity to traditional chemotherapy regimens, and PAK2 may be a potential gene that targets and regulates the chemosensitivity of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic evaluation process and the effectiveness and safety of intracavitary therapy for pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2019 to February 2022. Combined with the patient′s symptoms, PCS was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography venography (CTV), and venography. The ovarian vein was embolized with controllable spring coil and polydocanol foam sclerosing agent. The patients were followed up 1, 3 and 6 months after operation.Results:The total surgical success rate of 38 patients was 100%, and the incidence of complications was 5.3%(2/38); Spring coils (2.8±0.3)per person; The dosage of hardener was (7.0±2.1)ml/person. The improvement rate of patient symptoms was 97.4%(37/38); After 1, 3, and 6 months of surgery, color Doppler ultrasound was reexamined and no recanalization was observed in the embolized ovarian veins; The diameter of the parauterine vein was (2.8±0.5)mm, which was significantly lower than the preoperative (7.5±1.9)mm ( P<0.05); The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was significantly lower than the preoperative score [(2.12±1.87)points vs (7.58±0.82)points, P<0.001]. Conclusions:Process based assessment is helpful in identifying and diagnosing PCS patients who urgently need treatment; Endovascular treatment based on embolization of ovarian vein with controllable spring coil and foam sclerosing agent is minimally invasive, safe and effective.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of lower extremity three dimensional CT venography (CTV) and lower extremity ascending phlebography in evaluating recurrent varicose veins.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 235 patients with unilateral recurrent varicose veins who were treated at the Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University, between January 2015 and December 2020.There were 112 males and 123 females, with an age of (62.5±11.4)years (range:24 to 75 years).Patients were stratified into two groups based on preoperative imaging examination:the CTV group (utilizing lower extremity venous ultrasound+lower extremity CTV) and the control group (employing lower extremity venous ultrasound+lower extremity ascending phlebography).The two groups were matched in a 1∶1 ratio using propensity score matching, resulting in 43 cases per group.Comparative analyses between the groups at the one-year postoperative follow-up were performed using independent sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, χ2 tests, and linear regression analysis. Results:One year post-surgery,the CTV group exhibited a lower venous clinical severity score (VCSS) compared to the control group( M(IQR),3.0(4.3) vs.4.0(5.8), Z=-2.038, P=0.040).Additionally, the chronic venous insufficiency patients′ quality of life questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) scores were significantly higher in the CTV group than in the control group (89.0(8.0) vs.82.5(17.0), Z=-2.627, P=0.010).Patients in the CTV group also experienced a shorter ulcer healing time compared to the control group (4.0(4.0) weeks vs.12.0(7.0) weeks, Z=-3.217, P<0.01).Both groups showed no clinically symptomatic recurrent varicose veins or ulcers.However, they exhibited ultrasound-detectable varicose vein recurrence, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.453, P=0.500).The number of diseased vessels requiring management based on ultrasound supplemented by CTV was 16, while the number supplemented by ascending phlebography was 7,with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.800, P=0.030).Linear regression analysis demonstrated that clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathology clinical grading and the preoperative imaging examination method exerted independent influences on VCSS and CIVIQ-20 during the one-year postoperative assessment. Conclusions:CTV-assisted ultrasound enables a direct and comprehensive evaluation and localization of diseased veins in patients with recurrent varicose veins.The utilization of lower extremity vein ultrasound combined with CTV-guided management of lower extremity vessels in minimally invasive treatment significantly improves patient prognosis, surpassing the assessment provided by ascending phlebography.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of lower extremity three dimensional CT venography (CTV) and lower extremity ascending phlebography in evaluating recurrent varicose veins.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 235 patients with unilateral recurrent varicose veins who were treated at the Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University, between January 2015 and December 2020.There were 112 males and 123 females, with an age of (62.5±11.4)years (range:24 to 75 years).Patients were stratified into two groups based on preoperative imaging examination:the CTV group (utilizing lower extremity venous ultrasound+lower extremity CTV) and the control group (employing lower extremity venous ultrasound+lower extremity ascending phlebography).The two groups were matched in a 1∶1 ratio using propensity score matching, resulting in 43 cases per group.Comparative analyses between the groups at the one-year postoperative follow-up were performed using independent sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, χ2 tests, and linear regression analysis. Results:One year post-surgery,the CTV group exhibited a lower venous clinical severity score (VCSS) compared to the control group( M(IQR),3.0(4.3) vs.4.0(5.8), Z=-2.038, P=0.040).Additionally, the chronic venous insufficiency patients′ quality of life questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) scores were significantly higher in the CTV group than in the control group (89.0(8.0) vs.82.5(17.0), Z=-2.627, P=0.010).Patients in the CTV group also experienced a shorter ulcer healing time compared to the control group (4.0(4.0) weeks vs.12.0(7.0) weeks, Z=-3.217, P<0.01).Both groups showed no clinically symptomatic recurrent varicose veins or ulcers.However, they exhibited ultrasound-detectable varicose vein recurrence, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.453, P=0.500).The number of diseased vessels requiring management based on ultrasound supplemented by CTV was 16, while the number supplemented by ascending phlebography was 7,with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.800, P=0.030).Linear regression analysis demonstrated that clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathology clinical grading and the preoperative imaging examination method exerted independent influences on VCSS and CIVIQ-20 during the one-year postoperative assessment. Conclusions:CTV-assisted ultrasound enables a direct and comprehensive evaluation and localization of diseased veins in patients with recurrent varicose veins.The utilization of lower extremity vein ultrasound combined with CTV-guided management of lower extremity vessels in minimally invasive treatment significantly improves patient prognosis, surpassing the assessment provided by ascending phlebography.

ObjectiveTo study the current status and development trend of research on the executive function in overweight or obesity， and to grasp the research hotspots in this field. MethodsA total of 1 321 literatures relevant to the executive function in overweight or obesity collected in Web of Science Core Collection database from 2010 to 2021 were selected. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to generate knowledge graphs for visualization analysis， then the number of articles issued， countries/regions， institutions and the co-occurrence， clustering and burst of keywords were analyzed. Results①In terms of the trend of the number of articles issued from 2010 to 2021， the annual quantity of published articles about the executive function in overweight or obesity presented a rapid growth over 2010-2014， then entered into a slow growth stage over 2014-2017， and emerged a rapid growth over 2017-2021. ②From the perspective of countries / regions， a total of 64 countries and regions participated in the research. The largest number of articles issued in this field was the USA， which had the most frequent cooperation and exchanges with other countries and regions， and exerted the greatest academic influence， occupying the core position of this research field. ③From the perspective of research institutions， a total of 1 627 institutions participated in this research field， among which the Illinois University published the most papers and closely cooperated with many productive institutions， forming a research group with a certain scale. ④From the perspective of keywords， the research content mainly involved dietary behavior research， prevention and intervention research， risk factor assessment， and analysis of the characteristics of different groups. ConclusionResearches on executive function in overweight or obesity have been developing rapidly， attracting international attention and covering a wide range of areas.

Objective:To evaluate the role of Angiojet thrombus clearance device in the treatment of dialysis access thrombosis.Methods:The clinical data of 37 patients with Angiojet thrombus clearance due to hemodialysis thrombosis from May 2019 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The clinical success rate was 100%, the mean operation time was (42±21) minutes. The time of aspiration was (35±18) s, and the average length of occlusion was (8±5) cm. All patients were treated with balloon dilation after aspiration. The average postoperative dialysis flow was (270±15) ml/min. The mean length of stay was (2.0±1.5) days. There were no surgically related deaths, no vascular rupture or bleeding, no major complications. Dilated local pseudoaneurysm formation was observed in 5 patients after dilation by angiography without special treatment. The mean follow-up time was 11 months. The primary patency rate was 85% and the secondary patency rate was 87% at 6 months post operatively.Conclusion:Angiojet thrombus removal device has the advantages of minimally invasive, short operation time and repeatability.

【Objective】 To understand the structural characteristics of lapsed apheresis donors in our blood center and provide guidance for further improving recruitment and retention strategies by retrospectively analyzing the characteristics of lapsed apheresis donors in our center in recent years. 【Methods】 The apheresis donation and lapsed apheresis donors in Zhejiang Blood Center from 2016 to 2020 were statistically analyzed, and the general information of lapsed donors, including gender, blood type, age, education level and occupation composition, were compared and analyzed. The lapse of novel and long-term donors with different frequency were retrospectively analyzed. The SPSS 19.0 statistical software package was used for data analysis. 【Results】 In 2020, the total lapse of apheresis donors decreased by 16.6% as compared with 2016(P<0.05). The lapse rate of donors with blood groups A, B, O and AB was 1∶1∶1∶1, higher in female donors(59.0%) than males(50.0%), and dominated by age group of 18-35(66.3%). With the increase of age, the lapse rate decreased. Donors lapsed were mainly with college or above educational background(60.8%), with high proportion in students and the staff. In 2020, the lapse of novel apheresis donors decreased by 34.1% as compared with 2016, but the average lapse rate of novel apheresis donors was still as high as 70.5%. The average lapse rate of blood donors with different frequency was 52.5%, and the lapse rate decreased significantly with the increase of apheresis donation frequency. The average lapse rate of novel blood donors with whole blood donation experience was lower than those without (56.1% vs 82.9%). 【Conclusion】 Multiple measures for recruitment and retention have effectively reduced the lapse of apheresis donors. However, apheresis donors who are 18-35 years old, with college degree or above, students and staff were the main groups from lapsing. In addition, low-frequency and novel apheresis donors without whole blood donation experience were more likely to be lapsing. Targeted and personalized blood donation services should be further provided, and the management of " full cycle of blood donation" should be strengthened to reduce the lapsing, so as to retain more blood donors.

Background In recent years, due to the increasing number of e-cigarette users, the health problems caused by e-cigarettes are attracting people's attention. Objective This study is designed to analyze the characteristics of e-cigarette-related research literature, research trends, and its toxicity from 2010 to 2020 through bibliometric analysis to provide a reference for studies related to the health effects of e-cigarettes. Methods The studies related to e-cigarettes in the Web of Science were retrieved, and the functions of "Creating citation report" and "Analyzing retrieval results" provided by Web of Science were used to conduct statistical analysis on publication time, literature type, publication source, country/region, research interests, research institution, etc. With the help of the knowledge function of CiteSpace V5.7, author collaboration, organization cooperation, keyword co-occurrence and keyword emergence, and reference co-citation were visualized. Results A total of 3094 studies related to health risks of e-cigarettes (public health) wereretrieved from 2010 to 2020, and the number of articles published between 2018 and 2020 accounted for 54.7% of total number. The top research institutions were from the United States (68.0%), the United Kingdom (7.6%), and Canada (6.1%). The most published author is King BA (67). The journal that published the most relevant studies was Nicotine Tobacco Research (536). The hot topics of e-cigarette research included "socioeconomic patterning," "multiple healthy behaviors," "expressive suppression emotion regulation strategies," "smoking cessation intervention studies" and "computer-delivered brief intervention". The burst intensity of keywords "cigarette smoking" was the highest, reaching 24.2. Between 2010 and 2020, the keywords "Nicotine dependence" and "Disease" emerged for the longest period of five years. "Policy" was the latest high-frequency word. The literature "Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes" was cited for the highest frequency, totaling 266 times. Conclusion The number of articles published has notably increased in 2018-2020, suggesting that researchers are paying attention to the health risks of e-cigarettes worldwide. The United States leads the world in the research of e-cigarette health risks. The future research direction will be focused on e-cigarette policy.

Objective: To verify the current cut off points of physical activity intensity for adolescents to assess moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among overweight or obese adolescents. Methods: The total activity counts, heart rate and steps indicators most commonly used to reflect physical activity intensity were adopted, and a total of 15 MVPA cut off points standards for adolescents were included. Ninety four overweight or obese adolescents were tested for walking and running at 3-7 km/h in a free state, while simultaneously wearing MetaMax 3B gas metabolism analyzer, polar belt and actigraph w-GT3x BT triaxial accelerometer to collect energy consumption and activities count, heart rate and steps. Kappa consistency test and paired χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Kappa consistency coefficients (0.27-0.53) <0.60 between all cut off points standards and the "gold standard" and the P <0.01, indicating that the consistency is varied and not strong. In the standard diagnosis of each cut points, low sensitivity (49.11-67.59), high specificity (92.50-97.65), high - LR (0.14-0.52, >0.1) and low DOR (8.26-25.19, <30) indicated high rate of misdiagnosis. Low specificity (36.75-69.41), high sensitivity (84.82-96.36) and low + LR (1.52- 9.83 , <10) indicated a high rate of misdiagnosis; AUC of 0.67-0.80 suggested lower diagnostic performance. Conclusion Existing physical activity intensity cut off points for overweight or obese adolescents were not consistent with MVPA and have low diagnostic capabilities. The following criteria of MVPA for overweight or obese adolescents are supposed.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of restenosis after renal artery endovascular treatment in patients with Takayasu arteritis.Methods In this study,39 patients with Takayasu arteritis underwent endovascular therapy from January 2003 to March 2014.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors relating to restenosis.Results There were 13 males and 26 females.The mean age was (27 ± 11) years.Seventeen unilateral and 22 bilateral renal artery stenosis were treated.A total of 54 endovascular procedures were successfully performed including 23 cases of unilateral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA),14 cases of unilateral stent implantation,12 cases of bilateral PTA,and 5 cases of bilateral stent implantation.The mean follow-up was (48 ±34) months,the restenosis rate was 38.9％ (21.54) and the mean time of restenosis was (11.5 ± 2.3) months.Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR =6.624,95 ％ CI:1.222-35.902) was independent risk factors for restenosis.Antiplatelet therapy (OR =0.158,95％ CI:0.028-0.887) and glucocorticoids or i mmunosuppressive therapy (OR =0.035,95 ％ CI:0.003-0.349) were protection factors against renal artery restenosis.Conclusion The elevated ESR increases the risk of restenosis after endovascular treatment in Takayasu arteritis associated renal artery stenosis.Antiplatelet therapy and glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive therapy were protection factors for renal artery restenosis.