Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of minimal invasive adrenal sparing surgery for the treatment of Cushing syndrome caused by adrenocortical adenoma.Methods Patients who underwent minimal invasive adrenal surgery for adrenocortical adenoma in our institution from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were reviewed from the database.The mean patient age at diagnosis was 39 years and male:female ratio was 10:111.Of the 121 adenomas, 50 were located in the right adrenal and 71 in the left.The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm.84 cases had hypertension (69.4％), 36 cases had diabetes mellitus (29.8％), and 45 cases had obesity (37.2％).Postoperative follow-up was performed by evaluating adrenal gland function and imaging.Results Mininal invasive partial adrenalectomy was performed in 121 cases and the success rate of operation was 99.2％ (120/121).Sixty-two cases received operation through retroperitoneal approach,and 59 cases were through transperitoneal approach.The median operative time was 50 min with a median blood loss of 50 ml.The mean postoperative hospital stay were (5.0 ± 3.2) days.The vascular injury occurred in 2 cases (1 case in each surgical approach), while the abdominal organ injury occurred in 2 cases with 1 case of spleen injury and 1 case of liver injury (both in transperitoneal approach).Postoperative complications were observed in 6 cases:1 case of deep venous thrombosis, 1 case of wound hematoma, 4 cases of wound infection.Cortisol substitution was given in 2 to 12 months (mean 6.2 months)postoperatively.One year after operation, the remission rate of hypertension, diabetes and obesity was 58.3％ (49/84), 30.6％ (11/36) and 60.0％ (30/45), respectively.Conclusions Minimal invasive adrenal surgery using retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic technique can be performed with low morbidity and achieve an excellent outcome.The perioperative hormone therapy may also play an important role.

Professorthinks that the occiput-nape region is the important pivot between the head and the trunk and is the extension of the function zone of the back-points. This zone is named as the occiput-nape function zone. The position includes the occipital area from Baihui (GV 20) to the margo inferior of occipital bone and the muchal region between the margo inferiors of the spinous processto. In the paper, the occiput-nape function zone is verified in terms of the distribution characteristics of meridians and acupoints at the occiput-nape region, the anatomic feature, modern research and clinical application so that a new approach to clinical practice is provided.

[Objective] To compare the biological characteristics of neuron-like cells from rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced by β-mercaptoethanol (BME) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) respectively. [Method] BME and bFGF were added to rat MSC respectively for 9 h and 5 days. The neuron-like cells from MSC with the neuron specific protein NF200 were identified using immunofluorescence. The gene expression of NF were analyzed using RT-PCR and the protein expression of NF200 were analyzed using Western blotting. [Results] MSC induced by BME appeared morphology change in an hour and the neurite can be seen at six hour. Some cell bodies became lighter and died. MSC induced by bFGF had neurite in the third day, and appeared network structure in the fifth day, then cells died in the seventh day. At the same time, The result of immunofluorescence showed the NF200 expression of neuon-like cells induced by two ways were beth positive, but MSC induced by bFGF were stronger than those induced by BME. The results of RT-PCR and western blotting were same as that of immunofluorescence. [Conclusion] Both bFGF and BME can induce rat MSC to neuron-like cells, but the neuon-like cells induced by bFGF were more like real neurons in morphology and expression of neuron specific protein and mRNA.

be diagnosed by imaging examination before operation.The ALT patients with large or symptomatic adrenal lipomatous lesions or preoperatively diagnosed teratoma should be given surgical treatment.

Pdx-1, an important transcription factor highlighting in the early pancreatic development,islet functions and pancreatic disorders, needs to be more investigated in zebrafish, and siRNA is still seldom applied in zebrafish embryo-related research.Our aim was to explore the role of pdx-1 in pan-creatic development of zebrafish embryos by using siRNA approach. Microinjection, reverse tran-scriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent staining were used in this re-search, and the morphology of the islet in normal zebrafish embryos, and in those treated with the siRNA specific to pdx-1 (siPDX-1) or siGFP was observed and compared. The expression of pdx-1 was detected in the stages of 1-cell, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, 16-hour by RT-PCT. The in situ hy-bridization and immunofluorescent staining results showed that siPDX-I disturbed the formation of the islet in zebrafish embryos. Pdx-1 played multiple roles in maintaining the phenotype of the islet during embryogenesis in zebrafish.

Objective To investigate if the transcription factor Brn 3a can induce committedly ES cells into neurons. Methods pJ5 Brn 3a recombinant expression factors containing objective gene Brn 3a were introduced into mouse ES D3 cells by liposome mediated transfection. The Brn 3a transfected ES cells were cultured to undergo differentiation into neurons. Finally immunohistochemical technique was implied to detect the expression of Brn 3a before and after transfection and some specific marked antigens of mature neural cell and glia cell were detected after the ES cells differentiation into neuron like cells. Results 1 Before transfection ES cells do not express Brn 3a and the Brn 3a immunoreaction is negative. After transfection of Brn 3a gene 24?h the ES cells could be detected to have Brn 3a and the immunoreaction is positive.2 When this Brn 3a transfected ES cells were cultured whithin 1 week over 70% ES cells could differentiate into neuron like cells bearing obvious neurites. These neuron like cells express NF H+L 、 NSE、SY and do not express GFAP.Conclusion Brn 3a transcription factor can successfully induce ES cells to differentiate into neuron like cells. [

AIM: To analyze neuron-related gene expression before and after mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into neuron-like cells. METHODS: MSCs were induced to neuron-like cells with ?-mercaptoethanol. Before inducement and at 8 h after inducement, the total RNA was extracted, then the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), NSE, nestin and neurofilament (NF) mRNA were detected with RT-PCR. RESULTS: NSE mRNA expressed before and after inducement, MAP-2, GAP-43, nestin and NF mRNA only expressed after inducement. CONCLUSION: The differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells may be related to MAP-2, GAP-43, nestin and NF expression. [

0.05). CONCLUSION: NPY could downregulate the expression of LDL-R in hVSMCs and the downregulation was blocked by benextramine.

Objective To investigate the whole differentiating process of myogenic satellite cells in vitro,and the expression of N-ACh receptors.Methods Skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated by trypsin digestion in vitro and purified by preferential attachment method.The cells were observed morphologically and identified by ?-sarcomeric actin,desmin and skeletal myosin antibodies.Contraction of myotubes was observed after adding ACh in the culture medium, N-AChRs in myotube were also be identified by bungarotoxin.Results Cultured satellite cells in vitro differentiated into myoblasts and fused to form myotubes later.These cells were positive by ?-sarcomeric actin, skeletal myosin and desmin antibodies' staining.Adding ACh directly in the medium stimulated the contraction of myotubes.No obvious expression of ACh receptors was observed on the surface of satellite cells.Cluster of receptors aggregated on myotubes from neonatal rats' satellite cells cultured in differentiation media.Conclusion The myotubes differentiated from myogenic satellite cells have the function of contraction.N-ACh receptors were synthesized gradually during the process of differentiation.

Objective To study the relationship between the inhibitory effects that myelin membrane proteins exerted on nerve regeneration and the changes of intracellular cAMP levels in neurons. Methods To observe the effects of myelin membrane proteins extracted from central nervous system(CNS) by density centrifugation on the outgrowth of neurite of cerebella granule cells in culture and detect the changes of intracellular cAMP levels of the neurons with radioimmunoassay. Results 1\^Myelin membrane proteins of CNS inhibited neurite outgrowth of cultured cerebella granule cells. 2\^The cAMP level in neurons decreased in 5 minutes after contacting myelin membrane proteins and reached to the lowest level in 12 hours of contacting. Conclusion The inhibitory effects of myelin membrane proteins on the outgrowth of neurites may be related to the inhibitory factors which cause the decrease of cAMP level in neuron through the passway of signal transduction pathway. [