Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

Endo-periodontal lesions(EPLs)involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.

This paper compared the differences between two kinds of Bufonis Venenum produced by Bufo gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, and verified the rationality of the market value orientation of Bufonis Venenum based on the zebrafish mo-del. Twenty batches of Bufonis Venenum from Jiangsu province, Hebei province, Liaoning province, Jilin province, and Liangshan, Sichuan province, including B. gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, were collected. The UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS combined with principal component analysis was used to compare the differences between two kinds of Bufonis Venenum. According to the limiting conditions of VIP>1, FC<0.5 or FC>2.0, and peak total area ratio>1%, 9 differential markers were determined, which were cinobufagin, cinobufotalin, arenobufagin, resibufogenin, scillaredin A, resibufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-arenobufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-marinobufagin, and 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-resibufogenin. The content of 20 batches of Bufonis Venenum was determined according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the 2 batches of Bufonis Venenum, CS7(8.99% of total content) and CS9(5.03% of total content), with the largest difference in the total content of the three quality control indexes of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin) were selected to evaluate their anti-liver tumor activity based on the zebrafish model. The tumor inhibition rates of the 2 batches were 38.06% and 45.29%, respectively, proving that only using the quality control indexes of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the value orientation of Bufonis Venenum market circulation was unreasonable. This research provides data support for the effective utilization of Bufonis Venenum resources and the establishment of a rational quality evaluation system of Bufonis Venenum.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Bufanolides/analysis* ; Bufonidae ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Quality Control ; Cell Line, Tumor

Prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia between normal blood glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). More than half of adults in China suffer from Pre-DM. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. It shares common risk factors and interacts with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Pre-DM may increase the risk of periodontitis, and the latter may also influence the development and progress of diabetes. Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and intestinal flora are the main mechanisms by which Pre-DM and periodontitis interconnect with each other. This article mainly reviews the relationship between Pre-DM and periodontitis and potential related mechanisms, providing a new basis for the prevention and treatment of both.

Indolealkylamines(IAAs) are the main hydrophilic substances in toad skin, mainly including free N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, bufotenine, bufotenidine, dehydrobufotenine, and binding bufothionine. In this study, the LPS-activated neutrophils were used to investigate the structure-activity relationship and anti-inflammatory mechanism of the above-mentioned five monomers from the toad skin in vitro. The neutrophils were divided into the control group, model group(1 μg·mL~(-1) LPS), positive drug group(100 μg·mL~(-1) indometacin), as well as the low-(50 μg·mL~(-1)), medium-(100 μg·mL~(-1)) and high-dose(200 μg·mL~(-1)) free N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, bufotenine, bufotenidine, dehydrobufotenine, and binding bufothionine groups. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the neutrophil supernatant of each group was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) after LPS stimulation, followed by the detection of apoptosis in each group after Annexin V/PI staining. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, beclin1, LC3-I, and LC3-Ⅱ were assayed by Western blot. The results showed that IAAs reduced the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines caused by LPS compared with the model group. Besides, the activity of each free IAAs(N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, bufotenine, bufotenidine and dehydrobufotenine), especially bufotenine, was stronger than that of the binding bufothionine. As revealed by Annexin V/PI staining, LPS delayed the early apoptosis of neutrophils compared with the control group, while bufotenine promoted the apoptosis of neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner, which might be related to the elevated expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, LPS activated the autophagy pathways in neutrophils. This study confirmed the efficacy of IAAs in reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils induced by LPS for the first time. For instance, bufotenine exerts the anti-inflammatory effect possibly by inducing the apoptosis of neutrophils.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis ; Bufonidae ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity* ; Neutrophils ; Skin

Objective To assess the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) and to analyze the factors influencing thepreoperative imaging diagnosis of PNEN.Methods From January 2016 to November 2016, patients with PNEN diagnosed by surgery and biopsy were collected. CT and MRI data of them were analyzed. The CT values or signal intensity of the lesions and the pancreatic parenchyma were measured and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lesion was calculated. Detecting sensitivity and diagnosis accuracy of CT and MRI were compared. Detecting sensitivity of different MRI sequences was also analyzed. Diagnosis accuracy of non-functional PNEN and functional PNEN was compared and analyzed. Lesion CNR was compared between arterial phase and portal venous phase of the contrast enhanced CT. The sensitivity, accuracy and constituent ratio were compared by nonparametric analysis. Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variancewere performed for the quantitative parameters comparison. Results A total of 54 patients with 56 lesions of PNEN were included for two of whom had two lesions each. CT and MRI were both performed in 44 patients (46 lesions).Detecting sensitivity and diagnosis accuracy of CT were 97.8% (45/46) and87.0% (40/46), respectively. Detecting sensitivity of MRI were 97.8% (45/46) and89.1% (41/46), respectively. There was no significant difference in detecting sensitivity and diagnosis accuracy between CT and MRI (both P>0.05). The CNR of lesion in arterial phase was higher than that of portal venous phase(4.7±3.8 vs 3.4±2.5), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.949, P<0.05). Detecting rates of T1 weighted imaging with fat suppression (T1WI-FS) image, T2 weighted imaging with fat suppression (T2WI-FS) image, diffusion weighted imagingand dynamic contrast enhanced T1WI-FS image were 90.0% (45/50), 88.0%(44/50), 86.0%(43/50), and 91.7% (44/48), respectively. There was no significant difference in detecting rate among these images sequences (Q=2.526, P=0.510). Tumor diameter in non-functional PNEN was significantly larger than that in functional PNEN ((2.9±1.6) cm vs (1.7±0.7) cm)(t=3.479,P<0.05). The overall diagnosis rate of non-functional PNEN with CT and MRI before operation was 70.8% (17/24), which was significantly lower than that of functional PNEN (100.0%, 31/31) (χ2=10.360，P=0.002).Conclusions CT and MRI are both sensitive in detectingPNEN, and they were two complementary modalities. CT image in arterial phase delineated the lesion better than that in portal venous phase. MRI images with different sequences can becomplementary and there is no significant difference in detecting sensitivity for PNEN among different sequences. CT and MRI play an equal rolein the diagnosis of PNEN before operation. Because of atypical CT and MRI findings, the diagnosis of non-functional PNEN is more difficult thanfunctional PNEN.

Objective To investigate the effects of human leptin ( hLEP) gene transfection on rat bone marrow stro-mal cells ( rBMSCs) .Methods rBMSCs were cultured and transfected with adenoviruses encoding hLEP ( Ad5-hLEP-EGFP) in vitro as experimental group while rBMSCs transfected with Ad 5-EGFP and non-transfected were control groups.The proliferation was detected by MTT and the expression of collagen type Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ) and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) were assessed by real-time PCR.The ability of mineralized nodule forming was also examined by Alizarin red staining .The combination of transfected rBMSCs and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP ) was con-structed and the osteogenic ability of the construction was evaluated in nude mice .Results hLEP could be trans-fected into rBMSCs successfully by adenovirous .After transfection , the proliferation was not affected while Col-Ⅰand ALP expressions were more pronounced in rBMSCs transfected with Ad 5-hLEP-EGFP ( P<0.05 ) .Alizarin red staining showed the ability of mineralized nodule forming was also up-regulated in Ad5-hLEP-EGFP group (P<0.05).In addition, the transfected rBMSCs adhered to β-TCP and survived well and the combination showed more new bone like tissue formation in nude mice compared to control groups .Conclusions rBMSCs transfected with hLEP might be potently used in bone or periodontal tissue regeneration .

Objective To explore the quantitative characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) in single-source dual energy spectral CT imaging. Methods From January 2013 to December 2014, 113 patients underwent dual phase contrast-enhanced gemstone spectral imaging(GSI) on Discovery CT 750 HD. All diagnoses were pathologically confirmed by surgery or biopsy. The spectral HU curves of PDAC were observed, the monochromatic CT values, the effective atomic number(Zef ), the iodine concentration(IC), water concentration(WC), and the corresponding normalized values(normalized monochromatic CT values, normalized Zef , normalized IC, normalized WC)of the lesion and the pancreatic parenchyma in late arterial phase(AP) and portal venous phase(PP) were recorded . The measurements were performed three times repeatedly. Paired t test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon test (non-normal distribution) were used for analyzing the differences between the two phases and between PDAC and pancreatic parenchyma. Results The monochromatic CT values of PDAC in AP were lower than in PP at each energy level and the difference was more marked at lower energy. The normalized monochromatic CT values increased with the increase of energy level in both AP and PP and the difference was more distinct at lower energy. The Zef , IC and normalized IC of PDAC all had significant differences(P<0.05), while the WC, normalized Zef , and normalized WC had no difference between AP and PP. The Zef and IC of pancreatic parenchyma had significant differences(P<0.05), while the WC had no difference between AP and PP. The differences of Zef , IC, and WC between PDAC and pancreatic parenchyma were significant in both two phases (P<0.05). Conclusions Dual phase CT spectral imaging showed characteristic quantitative parameters of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The monochromatic CT values, Zef , and iodine concentration of PDAC were lower than those of pancreatic parenchyma in both AP and PP. The monochromatic CT values, Zef , and iodine concentration of PDAC in late arterial phase were lower than those in portal venous phase. The differences were all more distinct at lower energy.

Objective To explore the value of CT spectral imaging in the demonstration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods 113 patients were scanned by CT spectral,and gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) was performed in late arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP).All diagnosis were pathologically confirmed.The ROIs were placed on the lesion and on the pancreatic parenchyma.The ROI files including the CTmono values and the normalized CTmono values (normalized to pancreatic parenchyma) were saved.The works were performed three times repeatedly.CNR values ranged from 40 keV to 140 keV and the optimal keV in AP and PP were calculated.The differences of CTmono values, normalized CTmono values,and CNR were compared between the optimal keV and 70 keV(equivalent to conventional 120 kVp energy level).Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The optimal monochromatic energy of PDAC were 40 keV in both AP and PP.The optimal CNR values(mean±standard) were 2.31±1.02 and 2.38±1.02 in AP and PP,while the corresponding values of 70 keV were 2.08±0.98 and 2.12±0.96.The CNR of 40 keV was higher than that of 70 keV in both AP and PP.The CTmono values of PDAC were (58±13) HU and (71±19) HU at 70 keV and were (111±44) HU and (155±57) HU at 40 keV in AP and PP.The CTmono value in PP was higher than in AP.The median of normalized CTmono values of PDAC at 40 keV were 47.0% and 53.9% in AP and PP, and were lower than those of 70 keV,which were 57.7% and 61.8%.The differences of normalized CTmono values between 40 keV and 70 keV were significant.Conclusion CT spectral imaging manifests that PDAC is hypovascular both in AP and PP and is progressively enhanced form AP to PP.There is maximal conspicuity of tumor in AP, and the optimal monochromatic imaging can improve the conspicuity of PDAC lesion.

Aim To investigate the expression of stro-mal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in rat pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) tissues and effects of STIM1 on arterial muscle cells proliferation. Methods PAH was induced by a single intraperitoneal injec-tion of MCT at a dose of 60 mg·kg - 1 . The mRNA or protein expressions of STIM1 in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats were measured by real-time PCR or Western blot, respectively. The arterial smooth muscle cells A7R5 were transiently transfected with STIM1 plasmids to prepare STIM1 overexpressed cells. Cell proliferations were detected by using CCK-8 kits. The expressions of Akt/ mTOR pathway molecules of A7R5 were measured by Western blot. Results The right ventricular systolic blood pressure ( RVSP) and right ventricular mass index ( RVMI ) were markedly elevated in MCT-treated rats (P < 0. 01) in comparison to control rats. The mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of STIM1 in monocrotaline-induced pul-monary hypertensive rats were 2. 19 and 1. 66 folds of control rats, respectively. STIM1 were transiently over-expressed in cultured A7R5. Cells transfected with STIM1 grew more quickly than non-transfected control. Overexpression of STIM1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, p70-S6K, and 4E-BP1, but did not change their protein expression lev-els. Conclusion STIM1 are over-expressed in rat PAH tissues. Overexpression of STIM1 can promote ar-terial smooth muscle cells proliferation by regulating Akt/ mTOR pathway.