Humans ; Fractures, Compression/surgery* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Vertebroplasty ; Osteoporotic Fractures/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Bone Cements

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect and application advantage of acupuncture combined with local anesthesia of lidocaine in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). METHODS: A total of 60 patients with OVCF and receiving PVP at single vertebra under local anesthesia were selected and randomized into an acupuncture plus medication group and a simple medication group, 30 cases in each one. In the simple medication group, the local laying infiltration anesthesia with 1% lidocaine 30 mL was used. In the acupuncture plus medication group, firstly, filiform needles were used to stimulate Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Jinmen (BL 63) and Yintang (GV 29) with reducing technique, and then the epidermal infiltration anesthesia was followed with 1% lidocaine 4 mL. The needles were retained till the end of operation. Successively, before operation (T RESULTS: In the acupuncture plus medication group, MAP and HR were lower than those in the simple medication group at T CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with medication reduces the dose and adverse reactions of anesthetics, alleviates pain degree of patients, shortens the duration of operation and improves patients' subjective satisfaction in PVP for OVCF.
Analgesics ; Fractures, Compression/therapy* ; Humans ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Spinal Fractures/therapy* ; Spine ; Treatment Outcome

Bone is a common metastatic site of cancer. Bone metastasis reduces life expectancy and results in serious symptoms and complications such as bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, decreasing quality of life by restricting sleep and mobility. Treatment for bone metastasis includes drugs (pure analgesics, hormones, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and bisphosphonates, among others), external radiation therapy, surgery, and radionuclide therapy using bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Particulate radiation with α- or β-rays is used as a bone-targeting radiopharmaceutical in radionuclide therapy. β-Emitters have lower energy and a longer range than α-emitters and have less tumoricidal activity and deliver more radiation to adjacent normal tissue. Therefore, the main therapeutic effect of bone-targeting β-emitters such as ⁸⁹Sr-dichloride is bone pain palliation rather than enhanced survival. In contrast, α-emitters such as ²²³Ra-dichloride have high energy and a short range, resulting in greater tumoricidal activity and less radiation damage to adjacent normal tissue. Treatment with bone-targeting α-emitters can improve survival and decrease bone pain. This review focuses on the principles and clinical utility of several clinically available bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in metastatic bone disease.
Analgesics ; Bone Diseases ; Diphosphonates ; Drug Therapy ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Life Expectancy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Quality of Life ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Spinal Cord Compression

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (DW-SSFP) in comparison to diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) for differentiating the neoplastic and benign osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 40 patients with recent vertebral compression fractures but no history of vertebroplasty, spine operation, or chemotherapy. They had received 3-Tesla (T) spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including both DW-SSFP and DW-EPI sequences. The 40 patients included 20 with neoplastic vertebral fracture and 20 with benign osteoporotic vertebral fracture. In each fracture lesion, we obtained the signal intensity normalized by the signal intensity of normal bone marrow (SI norm) on DW-SSFP and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on DW-EPI. The correlation between the SI norm and the ADC in each lesion was analyzed using linear regression. The optimal cut-off values for the diagnosis of neoplastic fracture were determined in each sequence using Youden's J statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS: In the neoplastic fracture, the median SI norm on DW-SSFP was higher and the median ADC on DW-EPI was lower than the benign osteoporotic fracture (5.24 vs. 1.30, P = 0.032, and 0.86 vs. 1.48, P = 0.041, respectively). Inverse linear correlations were evident between SI norm and ADC in both neoplastic and benign osteoporotic fractures (r = −0.45 and −0.61, respectively). The optimal cut-off values for diagnosis of neoplastic fracture were SI norm of 3.0 in DW-SSFP with the sensitivity and specificity of 90.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81.0–99.0) and 95.3% (95% CI: 90.0–100.0), respectively, and ADC of 1.3 in DW-EPI with the sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% (95% CI: 80.0–100.0) and 70.4% (95% CI: 60.0–80.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: In 3-T MRI, DW-SSFP has comparable sensitivity and specificity to DW-EPI in differentiating the neoplastic vertebral fracture from the benign osteoporotic vertebral fracture.
Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Drug Therapy ; Echo-Planar Imaging* ; Fractures, Compression* ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment with teriparatide for promoting bone fracture healing in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

METHODSTwelve postmenopausal patients (aged 73±4.8 years) with osteoporotic spinal fracture confirmed by MRI or CT scanning received conservative treatment with teriparatidesc injection supplemented with calcium and analgesics for 6 months. At the beginning and at the end of the therapy, VAS score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bone mass densitometry, and X-ray of the thoracic and lumbar spine, and serum P1NP and beta-CTX levels were measured. Six of the patients received a second MRI scan after the therapy to evaluate the bone healing.

RESULTSAll the 12 patients completed the treatment, during which no new fractures or adverse events occurred. At the end of the first month of treatment, analgesic was withdrawn for all the patients. The average VAS score decreased from 8±2 to 1±2 at 1 month during the therapy, and ODI was reduced from (76±12)% to (20±5)% at 1 month and further to (5±4)% at 6 month. After the 6-month therapy, the height of the fractured vertebrae (presented as the anterior to posterior wall height ratio) was insignificantly decreased from (75±20)% to (61±20)%, the BMD was increased by (20±5)%, P1NP increased significantly from 20.9±11.4 ng/mL to 80.0±41.2 ng/mL, and beta-CTX increased from 0.30±0.17 ng/mL to 0.51±0.3 ng/mL. The 6 patients re-examined with MRI demonstrated complete bone healing after the therapy.

CONCLUSIONTeriparatide is effective for conservative treatment of osteoporotic spinal fracture and can promote bone fracture healing, improve the quality of life, and prevents vertebral collapse, and can be therefore an alternative treatment to PVP or BV.

Aged ; Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; therapeutic use ; Fractures, Compression ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; drug therapy ; Pain Measurement ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Fractures ; drug therapy ; Teriparatide ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of conservative treatment of refracture in cemented vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients.

METHODSBetween January, 2012 and August, 2014, a total of 324 elderly patients (381 vertebrae) received percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Of these patients, 12 patients (14 vertebrae) complained of recurrence of back pain and were confirmed to have refracture in the cemented vertebrae by imaging examination. Seven of these 12 patients (9 vertebrae), who were all female with an average refracture time of 8±6.7 weeks (range 2-20 weeks), received conservative treatments with analgesics, osteoporosis medication, bracing and physical therapy, and their visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 7 days and 1, 3 and 12 months after the treatment were measured.

RESULTSThe 7 patients were followed up for 21.3±11.2 months (range 13-29 months) after conservative treatments. Their VAS score and ODI decreased significantly over time after the treatment (P<0.05) and showed significant differences between the measurements at 7 days, 1 and 3 months (P<0.05) but not between 3 and 12 months (P>0.05). The average VAS score and ODI before treatments were 8.3±0.8 and (88.3±3.2)%, 3.1±1.2 and (56.3±7.7)% at 1 month, and 0.8±0.7 and (5.9±2.8)% at 3 months during the follow-up, respectively.No such complications as phlebothrombosis of the leg, decubitus, or hypostatic pneumonia occurred in these cases.

CONCLUSIONThough with a relatively low incidence rate, refracture in the cemented vertebrae is one of the important causes of recurrence of back pain following percutaneous vertebroplasty. Conservative treatment is effective in relieving pain and improving the spine function in such cases without obvious complications.

Aged ; Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Back Pain ; therapy ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Recurrence ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; therapy ; Spine ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty

Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), a triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal failure, is associated with ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali. MAS is the third most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospital, after primary hyperparathyroidism and malignant neoplasm. MAS is not often reported in the Korean literature. We describe MAS secondary to intake of calcium citrate for the treatment of osteoporosis with thoracic spine compression fracture. A 70-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 1-week history of general weakness and lethargy. He was found with acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 4.6 mg/dL), hypercalcemia (total calcium, 14.8 mg/dL), and alkalosis. Laboratory evaluation excluded both hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Mental status and serum calcium level was normalized within a week after proper hydration and intravenous administration of furosemide. However, he developed aspiration pneumonia, pseudomembranous colitis, and sepsis with multi-organ failure. Despite intensive treatment including inotropics, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy, he expired with no signs of renal recovery on the 28th hospital day.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Administration, Intravenous ; Aged ; Alkalies ; Alkalosis ; Calcium Citrate ; Calcium* ; Creatinine ; Eating ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Fractures, Compression ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia* ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Lethargy ; Osteoporosis ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sepsis ; Spine

To study the clinical application of Jintian'ge capsule in treatment of vertebral compression fracture in senile osteoporosis patients. In the study, 69 senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients hospitalized in our hospital between January 2012 and June 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Patients in the control group were treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), while those in the treatment group were given Jintian'ge capsule in addition to PKP. Efforts were made to visit the patients before the surgery and in three month after that, observe and compared the vertebral height, Cobb's angle, bone density, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index between patients in the two groups. According to the findings, compared with before the treatment, patients in the two groups showed significant improvements in the vertebral height, Cobb's angle, bone density, VAS and Oswestry disability index three months after the surgery (P < 0.05); During the visit three months after the treatment, compared with the control group, the treatment group showed notable increases in all parameters (P < 0.05), particularly in the vertebral height, VAS and Oswestry disability index (P < 0.05). Based on the above findings, Jintian'ge capsule is applicable in adjuvant therapy after the osteoporotic vertebral compression facture PKP surgery.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; complications ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Spinal Fractures ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of manipulative reduction combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) using meta-analysis method, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSA systematic computer-based search (from January 1987 to April 2014) from CNKI, Wanfang database, Web of Science and PubMed were performed for the collection of controlled clinical researches on manipulative reduction combined with PVP or PKP in treating OVCF. The quality of selected researches was evaluated. Meta-analysis was adopted to evaluate visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra.

RESULTSA total of 7 researches of 410 patients were included in the present analysis, there were 5 RCTs and 2 non-RCTs and all come from China. Manipulative reduction combined with PVP could got better improvement in Cobb angle (WMD=-7.35; 95%CI: -12.15, -2.54) and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra (P<0.01) than simple PVP, but no significant difference was found in improvement of visual analog scale (WMD=-0.01; 95%CI: -0.45, 0.42). There were no significant differences in the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra between manipulative reduction combined with PKP and simple PKP (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with simple PVP, manipulative reduction combined with PVP may result in more clinical efficacy on the improvement of Cobb angle and anterior ratio of the injured vertebra. And compared with simple PKP, manipulative reduction combined with PKP has no obvious advantages on the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra. However, the number and quality of the literatures, may resulted in the effect of mistrust, so more large sample and high-quality RCTs are needed in future.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Fractures, Compression ; therapy ; Humans ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; therapy ; Spinal Fractures ; therapy

PURPOSE: Teriparatide markedly increases bone formation and strength, while reducing the incidence of new-onset osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). In some countries, expenses for teriparatide use are covered by medical insurance for up to 6 months; however, the national medical insurance of the authors' country does not cover these expenses. This retrospective cohort study compared the therapeutic effects of teriparatide on the initial onset of a new OVCF after treatment of osteoporosis and/or related OVCFs with regard to therapeutic durations of longer than 3 months (LT3M) or shorter than 3 months (ST3M). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2007 to February 2012, 404 patients who were prescribed and administered teriparatide and who could be followed-up for longer than 12 months were enrolled. They were divided into two groups depending on teriparatide duration: LT3M (n=132) and ST3M (n=272). RESULTS: The group with the teriparatide duration of LT3M showed significantly less development of an initial OVCF within 1 year (p=0.004, chi-square). Duration of teriparatide use, body mass index, pre-teriparatide lowest spinal bone mineral density, and severity of osteoporosis significantly affected multiple regression analysis results (p<0.05). Survival analysis of first new-onset OVCFs demonstrated a significantly better survival rate for the LT3M group (log rank, p=0.005). Also, the ST3M group showed a higher odds ratio of 54.00 for development of an initial OVCF during follow-up than the LT3M group (Mantel-Haenzel common odds ratio, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: At least one cyclic teriparatide administration is recommended to provide a protective effect against the initial onset of a new OVCF for up to one year after therapy.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/*drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Osteoporotic Fractures/*drug therapy/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/*drug therapy/etiology ; Teriparatide/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome