Subtalar dislocation is defined as a separation of the talocalcaneal and talonavicular articulations, commonly caused by high-energy mechanisms, which include falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, and twisting leg injuries. The dislocations are divided into medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior types on the basis of the direction in which the distal part of the foot has shifted in relation to the talus. The most common type is medial dislocation resulted from inversion injury. Subtalar dislocation may accompany with other fractures. Physical examination must be performed carefully to assess for neurovascular compromise. Most of the subtalar dislocations can be treated with closed reduction under sedation. If this is not possible, open reduction without further delay should be conducted. After primary treatment, X-ray and computed tomography scan should be performed to evaluate the alignment and the fractures. We report a 37-year-old male patient sustained a subtalar dislocation without any bony injury when he was playing football. The patient was successfully treated by closed reduction, and a good alignment was observed at the last follow-up. The pathogenesis and treatment method of this case were analyzed, and the related literature were reviewed, which provided a reference for future clinical treatment.
Adult ; Closed Fracture Reduction/methods* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Football/injuries* ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations/surgery* ; Male ; Subtalar Joint/injuries* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adding Nordic exercise as post-training in decreasing hamstring initial, recurrent injuries rates, and their severity. METHODS: In this randomly controlled trial study, 34 professional football players aged 21 to 35 years were randomly assigned into two groups (17 players each) from Sporting clubs at Alexandria, Egypt. For group one, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) was performed pre-training and post-training. For group two, NHE was only performed pre-training. The control group was the same team during the previous season. Length of the trial was 12 weeks. The Australian football association injury form was used to collect incidence of injuries for each subject in both groups. RESULTS: Pooled results based on total injuries showed that group one had significantly less hamstring initial injuries (92% less) than the previous season, while group two had 80% less initial injuries and 85% less recurrent injuries than previous season. Regarding the severity of injuries in term of mean number of absent days, it was 1 day for group one and 2.7 days for group two while it was 7.95 days for the previous season during total risk time of 116.3±13.2 and 117.6±5.7 exposure hours for group one and group two, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of NHE as a prevention protocol was effective in reducing all hamstring injuries with the use of NHE during pre-training and post-training having the greatest effect.
Egypt ; Football ; Incidence ; Leg Injuries ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Soccer ; Sports

Repeated concussion is common among football players; however, these minor blunt head trauma rarely result in serious complications. We report a case of a young college football player who presented acute subdural hematoma, cerebral edema, and seizure due to pseudoaneurysm rupture. The pseudoaneurysm, located at the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery, was speculated to be formed by dural calcification and adhesion with the underlying brain, possibly due to repeated concussions. Following successful excision of the pseudoaneurysm and control of brain swelling, the patient recovered without sequelae and was discharged after a short while.
Aneurysm, False* ; Athletic Injuries ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dura Mater* ; Football* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Rupture ; Seizures

Apophyseal injuries of the pelvis have increased recently with increased participation of teenagers in contact sports. Apophyseal fractures of the pelvis should be ruled out from apophysitis, os acetabuli and bony tumors. We report a case of fracture of anterior-inferior iliac spine following indirect injury to the hip in a young football player. The patient failed to get better with nonoperative management and continued to have pain in the left hip and signs and symptoms of impingement. He improved following surgical excision of the heterotopic bone and did not have any evidence of recurrence at 2 years follow- up.
Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Femoracetabular Impingement ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Football ; injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Fractures, Malunited ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilium ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Risk Assessment ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

We review current topics in sport-related head injuries including acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), traumatic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral concussion, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Sports-related ASDH is a leading cause of death and severe morbidity in popular contact sports like American football and Japanese judo. Rotational acceleration can cause either cerebral concussion or ASDH due to rupture of a parasagittal bridging vein. Although rare, approximately 80% of patients with cerebral infarction due to sport participation are diagnosed with ischemia or infarction due to arterial dissection. Computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and ultrasound are useful for diagnosing arterial dissection; ultrasound is particularly useful for detecting dissection of the common and internal carotid arteries. Repeated sports head injuries increase the risks of future concussion, cerebral swelling, ASDH, and CTE. To avoid fatal consequences of CTE, it is essential to understand the criteria for safe post-concussion sports participation. Once diagnosed with a concussion, an athlete should not be allowed to return to play on the same day and should not resume sports before the concussion symptoms have completely resolved. Information about the risks and management of head injuries in different sports should be widely disseminated in educational institutions and by sport organization public relations campaigns.
Acceleration ; Angiography ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Athletes ; Brain Concussion ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Injury, Chronic ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Football ; Head* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Martial Arts ; Public Relations ; Rupture ; Sports ; Ultrasonography ; Veins

In this report we analyse a case of ischiatic tuberosity avulsion. A 15-year-old patient who came to our first aid department two days after a football match accident was treated conservatively and examined at month 1-4, 6 and 12. In order to examine patient condition, a new index was formulated: the inability score index (ISI), which is based on hip range of motion and scales for rest, walking, running pain and compared to other parameters such as oedema area, fragment diastasis evaluated by X-ray and CT accordingly. ISI defines the inability as severe, moderate and mild. It guides the rehabilitative program in the right way. In this case, the patient was able to run softly after 35 days and to go back to the full agonist activity after 4 months. At the end of treatment the patient referred to the complete pain remission, full range of motion recovery and a good fracture consolidation. After 1 year we discuss about therapeutic strategies used and results obtained.
Adolescent ; Disability Evaluation ; Football ; injuries ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Ischium ; injuries ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Running ; physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Dementia pugilistica (DP) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions. The condition is thought to affect around 15% to 20% of professional boxers and caused by repeated concussive or subconcussive blows. CTE was in the past referred to as dementia pugilistica, which reflected the prevailing notion that this condition was restricted to boxers. Recent research, however, has demonstrated neuropathological evidence of CTE in retired American football players, a professional wrestler, a professional hockey player and a soccer player, as well as in nonathletes. It is probable that many individuals are susceptible to CTE, including those who experience falls, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, epileptic seizures, or military combat, and that repeated mild closed head trauma of diverse origin is capable of instigating the neurodegenerative cascade leading to CTE. We report a 62-year old man suspicious of dementia pugilistica with clinical features of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism.
Athletes ; Brain Injury, Chronic ; Dementia ; Epilepsy ; Football ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Hockey ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Motor Vehicles ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Soccer ; Sports

This study describes the characteristics of injuries and high risk situation in the Korean professional soccer matches using the video analysis. Video analysis is a video based method describing incidents and injuries that may result in an injury using 19 variables and categories modified from the soccer matches. During the 2012 season K-league, video files from 60 matches in the Korean professional soccer matches were reviewed. Injuries and Incidents were recorded when the match was interrupted by the referee because of a suspected injury. As results, 201 incidents were recorded in 60 matches. The most injured body part was ankle. The majority of the injury risk incidents occurred during receiving the ball and heading. Midfielders appeared to be at greater risk than others and most incidents and injuries occurred during breakdown attacks and when a player was involved in duels. Also, improved ball handling skill (especially 1st touching the ball) may reduce the incidents and injuries.
Animals ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Football ; Handling (Psychology) ; Head ; Seasons ; Soccer ; Sports

A 38-year-old man presented with right knee pain and swelling following a football injury. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and lateral meniscal tears. The torn ACL was repaired with a graft obtained from the semitendinosus muscle, and the menisci were debrided. The mechanisms of injury to the ACL are varied and may be due to direct or indirect contact with the knee as well as with twisting injuries. Knowledge of the ACL's normal anatomy, together with MR imaging technique and understanding of the appearance of the lesion on MR examination, is crucial to aid in the identification of an ACL tear. Diagnosis of an ACL tear should be based on direct MR imaging signs, although indirect signs may be helpful, particularly in chronic tears. Other associated injuries to be aware of include meniscal and other ligamentous injuries. Normal ACL graft and post-ACL graft reconstruction complications are also briefly discussed.
Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; pathology ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; adverse effects ; rehabilitation ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting ; adverse effects ; rehabilitation ; Football ; injuries ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; pathology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; Soccer ; injuries ; Tendons ; transplantation

Hamstring injuries are common forms of muscle strains in athletes but a complete rupture of a proximal hamstring origin is rare. Often there is a considerable delay in diagnosis and stringent treatment because of its rarity, difficulty in clinical diagnosis, and initial attempts of conservative care. We report two cases of acute complete rupture of the proximal hamstring tendons treated with early surgical repair. The diagnosis and treatment of this unusual injury are discussed.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Football/*injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Martial Arts/*injuries ; Rupture ; Tendon Injuries/diagnosis/*surgery ; Thigh ; Young Adult