Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Heart Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Women who have been treated for breast cancer are at risk for second breast cancers, such as ipsilateral recurrence or contralateral metachronous breast cancer. As the number of breast cancer survivors increases, interest in patient management and surveillance after treatment has also increased. However, post-treatment surveillance programs for patients with breast cancer have not been firmly established. In this review, we focus on the imaging modalities that have been used in post-treatment surveillance for patients with breast cancer, such as mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, the effectiveness of each modality for detecting recurrence, and how they can be applied to manage patients.
Breast Neoplasms/*radiography/therapy/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Mammography/*methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*diagnosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Charcoal can be used for preoperative localization of metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. Charcoal remains stable without causing foreign body reactions during as hort period. However, foreign body reactions may develop if charcoal is left in situ for more than 6 months. We reported a case of charcoal granuloma mimicking local recurrence on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and ultrasonography in a 47-year-old woman who had cervical lymph node dissection due to metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/therapy ; Carcinoma/*pathology/surgery/therapy ; Cervix Uteri/pathology/ultrasonography ; Charcoal/toxicity ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Granuloma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*surgery/ultrasonography ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDThe prognostic values of interim and post-therapy fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning have been confirmed in several subtypes of lymphoma. However, its prognostic value in Burkitt's lymphoma has not been clearly defined. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of PET/CT scanning during different treatment processes of Burkitt's lymphoma.

METHODSA total of 29 adult patients with newly diagnosed Burkitt's lymphoma were retrospectively involved in this study; of them, 23 patients underwent baseline PET/CT, 15 patients underwent mid-therapy PET/CT after 1-4 cycles of chemotherapy, and 17 patients underwent post-therapy PET/CT after all planned first-line chemotherapy cycles. Mid-therapy and post-therapy PET/CT results (positive vs. negative) were visually interpreted according to the criteria of the International Harmonization Project. The reduction in the maximum standardizes uptake values (∆SUVmax) of 25%, 50%, and 75% were regarded as cutoff points. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were regarded as the major endpoints.

RESULTSThe median OS and PFS were 27.6 months (range 6.5-78.3 months) and 27.2 months (range 3.0-78.3 months), respectively. The median SUVmax of the baseline PET/CT was 18.3 (range 1.6-35.9), whereas the median SUVmax of the mid-therapy and post-therapy PET/CT decreased to 4.0 (range 0-17.6) and 3.0 (range 0-14.5), respectively. The patients' Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores (<2 vs. ≥2) were significantly associated with the baseline PET/CT SUVmax. The mid-therapy and post-therapy PET/CT results (positive vs. negative) showed no significant association with OS or PFS. The optimal cutoff ∆SUVmax from the baseline to the post-therapy PET/CT that could predict a change in OS in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma was 50% (P = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONS(18)F-FDG uptake was intense in Burkitt's lymphoma, and there was a significant reduction in SUVmax during the interim and post-therapy PET/CT procedures. A ∆SUVmax of greater than 50% was a favorable cutoff point to predict the OS of Burkitt's lymphoma patients.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; methods ; Prognosis ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Individualized Medicine/*methods ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*therapeutic use ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Symporters/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment

F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT is an important whole-body imaging tool in the oncology and widely utilized to stage and restage various malignancies. The findings of significant focal accumulation of FDG in the lung parenchyma in the absence of corresponding CT abnormalities are related to the lung microembolism and known as hot-clot artifacts. Herein we present two cases with focal FDG uptake in the lung parenchyma with no structural lesions on the CT scan and discuss the possible mechanisms.
*Artifacts ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*administration & dosage/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lung/metabolism/radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Pulmonary Embolism/radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*administration & dosage/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: We developed a new computed tomography (CT)-based spatial normalization method and CT template to demonstrate its usefulness in spatial normalization of positron emission tomography (PET) images with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET studies in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy healthy controls underwent brain CT scan (120 KeV, 180 mAs, and 3 mm of thickness) and [18F] FDG PET scans using a PET/CT scanner. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired for all subjects. By averaging skull-stripped and spatially-normalized MR and CT images, we created skull-stripped MR and CT templates for spatial normalization. The skull-stripped MR and CT images were spatially normalized to each structural template. PET images were spatially normalized by applying spatial transformation parameters to normalize skull-stripped MR and CT images. A conventional perfusion PET template was used for PET-based spatial normalization. Regional standardized uptake values (SUV) measured by overlaying the template volume of interest (VOI) were compared to those measured with FreeSurfer-generated VOI (FSVOI). RESULTS: All three spatial normalization methods underestimated regional SUV values by 0.3-20% compared to those measured with FSVOI. The CT-based method showed slightly greater underestimation bias. Regional SUV values derived from all three spatial normalization methods were correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with those measured with FSVOI. CONCLUSION: CT-based spatial normalization may be an alternative method for structure-based spatial normalization of [18F] FDG PET when MR imaging is unavailable. Therefore, it is useful for PET/CT studies with various radiotracers whose uptake is expected to be limited to specific brain regions or highly variable within study population.
Adult ; Aged ; Brain/pathology/*radiography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The role of integrated 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) is uncertain in gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to show the role of PET-CT in gallbladder cancer patients. Fifty-three patients with gallbladder cancer underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and PET-CT scans. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-six patients underwent resection. Based on the final outcomes, PET-CT was in good agreement (0.61 to 0.80) with resectability whereas CT was in acceptable agreement (0.41 to 0.60) with resectability. When the diagnostic accuracy of the predictions for resectability was calculated with the ROC curve, the accuracy of PET-CT was higher than that of CT in patients who underwent surgical resection (P=0.03), however, there was no difference with all patients (P=0.12). CT and PET-CT had a discrepancy in assessing curative resection in nine patients. These consisted of two false negative and four false positive CT results (11.3%) and three false negative PET-CT results (5.1%). PET-CT was in good agreement with the final outcomes compared to CT. As a complementary role of PEC-CT to CT, PET-CT tended to show better prediction about resectability than CT, especially due to unexpected distant metastasis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Cholecystography ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Gallbladder/pathology/surgery ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*surgery ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) as a radioactive tracer is a useful technique for in vivo brain imaging. However, the anatomical and physiological features of the Harderian gland limit the use of FDG-PET imaging in the mouse brain. The gland shows strong FDG uptake, which in turn results in distorted PET images of the frontal brain region. The purpose of this study was to determine if a simple surgical procedure to remove the Harderian gland prior to PET imaging of mouse brains could reduce or eliminate FDG uptake. Measurement of FDG uptake in unilaterally adenectomized mice showed that the radioactive signal emitted from the intact Harderian gland distorts frontal brain region images. Spatial parametric measurement analysis demonstrated that the presence of the Harderian gland could prevent accurate assessment of brain PET imaging. Bilateral Harderian adenectomy efficiently eliminated unwanted radioactive signal spillover into the frontal brain region beginning on postoperative Day 10. Harderian adenectomy did not cause any post-operative complications during the experimental period. These findings demonstrate the benefits of performing a Harderian adenectomy prior to PET imaging of mouse brains.
Animals ; Brain/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Harderian Gland/metabolism/radionuclide imaging/*surgery ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuroimaging/standards/*veterinary ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*veterinary ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use

PURPOSE: We investigated the prognostic role of volume-based parameters measured on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scans in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 60 patients with LAPC who underwent FDG PET/CT before CRT. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary pancreatic cancers were measured on FDG PET/CT scans. Treatment response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: The progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional progression-free survival (LRFPS), and overall survival (OS) for this population were 6.2, 10.9, and 13.2 months, respectively. The overall treatment response rate was 16.7% at 4 weeks after CRT, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 80.0%. DCR was significantly higher in patients with low SUVmax, MTV, or TLG, and showed strong correlation with longer survival times. On univariate analysis, MTV and TLG were significant prognostic factors for PFS, LRPFS, and OS, together with pre-CRT and post-CRT CA19-9 levels. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that MTV together with the pre-CRT CA19-9 level were independent prognostic factors for PFS, LRPFS, and OS, as was TLG for LRPFS and OS. CONCLUSION: MTV and the pre-CRT CA19-9 level provided independent prognostic information in patients with LAPC treated with CRT. Volume-based PET/CT parameters may be useful in identifying which subgroup of patients would benefit from radiation therapy as a part of CRT.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*therapy ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tumor Burden