PURPOSE: As the number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) increases, the incidence of femoral periprosthetic fractures after TKA is also increasing. This review aimed to suggest a new surgically oriented classification system for femoral periprosthetic fractures. METHODS: We investigated the classifications, and current treatment trends for femoral periprosthetic fractures after TKA by means of a thorough review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: Numerous studies reported good results of surgical treatment with modern fixatives including locking compression plates and retrograde intramedullary nails. However, few classifications of femoral periprosthetic fractures reflect the recent developments in surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that surgical management be considered the first-line treatment for femoral periprosthetic fractures after TKA. Our new classification will help in deciding the surgical treatment option for femoral periprosthetic fractures after TKA.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Classification ; Femur ; Fixatives ; Incidence ; Knee ; Periprosthetic Fractures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not a patient's results are improved after removal of an internal fixative from a patient with no related symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 87 patients who agreed to participate in the study and satisfied the criteria for selection and exclusion of patients who underwent the operation for removal of internal fixative due to broken bones from March 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2011 at Daegu Catholic University Medical Center. The average replication period was 27 months (12-64 months) and the average age at the time of the operation for removal was 41.5 years (21-75 years) for 55 males and 32 females. The quality of life for all patients was evaluated using Short Form 36 (SF-36) surveys before the operation for removal and after a minimum of one year. RESULTS: After an orthopedic operation for removal of internal fixative, physical health status showed statistically significant improvement (p=0.001); however mental health status did not (p=0.411). A satisfaction test for the subjective surgery written by patients indicated an improvement of subjective health status in 52.9% after the surgery for removal but with no difference in 29.9% compared to preoperation. CONCLUSION: In case of an operation for removal of internal fixative for patients with no related symptoms with internal fixatives used for treatment of fractures showing agglutination opinions, an improvement was observed in physical health status, not in mental health status. When surgery for removal of internal fixative is performed for patients without related symptoms, consideration that subjective satisfaction of patients shows an improvement only in 52.9% will be helpful.
Academic Medical Centers ; Agglutination ; Daegu ; Female ; Fixatives ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Orthopedics ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life*

OBJECTIVETo study the potential factors in influencing the performance of immunohistochemical testing for HER2 protein in gastric cancers.

METHODSThe HER2 protein expression status of 1 471 surgically resected archival gastric cancer cases in Drum Tower Hospital collected during two different periods was retrospectively analyzed. The materials included 957 cases tested during the period from 2007 to 2009 (group 1) and 514 cases from 2012 to 2013 (group 2). The test procedures and results observed during these two periods were compared.

RESULTSThe percentages of score 3 HER2 protein expression (14.4%, 74/514 versus 9.5%, 91/957) and score 2 or score 3 HER2 protein expression (27.2%, 140/514 versus 21.7%, 208/957) were both higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.05). In group 1, the cancer tissue was fixed in 10% formalin, stained manually with HER2 antibody A0485 (Dako) and assessed by different pathologists.In group 2, the tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (pH 7.2), stained using automated immunostaining system (Roche Benchmark XT) with HER2 antibody 4B5 (Ventana) and assessed by a specialized team of pathologists.

CONCLUSIONThe results of HER2 immunostaining in gastric cancer are influenced by a number of factors including type of fixative, clone number of primary antibody, staining methods and experience of pathologists.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Staining and Labeling ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism

Aluminum ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Polymers ; Tissue Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods

BACKGROUND: Fixation of cells is a critical procedure that can determine the success of immunocytochemical staining (ICC) of cytospin slides. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a number of fixatives to determine the ideal fixative for ICC of cytospin slides. METHODS: Sixteen patients with metastatic neoplasm in the body cavity were enrolled. Cytospin slides were prepared from each patient using 5 different fixatives (cold acetone, 95% ethanol, 1:1 methanol:ethanol, 3.7% formalin, and 3:1 methanol:acetone), and the suitability of each for use with Wright's stain was compared. For 4 of the samples, appropriate ICCs were performed using all 5 fixatives and the results were compared, while for 11 samples, only the first 3 fixatives were used for ICC. RESULTS: Using Wright stain, cold acetone, 95% ethanol, and 1:1 methanol:ethanol fixatives all showed similar efficacy when compared to the conventional methanol fixation method. However, the stain quality using 3.7% formalin or 3:1 methanol:acetone fixatives was poor due to deterioration of cell adhesion and distortion of cell morphology. Using ICC, cold acetone fixative showed stronger and more tumor-specific stainability than the 95% ethanol (decreased stainability in 6 stained slides, false positive staining of histiocytes/neutrophils in 4 stained slides, no staining of CD3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]) and 1:1 methanol:ethanol fixatives (decreased stainability in 3 stained slides, false positive staining of histiocytes/neutrophils in 2 stained slides, no staining of CD3 and TdT). CONCLUSIONS: Cold acetone fixative was the most efficacious among the 5 fixatives tested in this study; therefore, it is the most appropriate fixative in the preparation of cytospin slides for ICC.
Acetone ; Cell Adhesion ; Cold Temperature ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Ethanol ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methanol

Antigens ; chemistry ; Fixatives ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Microwaves ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

BACKGROUND: The preservation of optimized DNA and its extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are important issues. There has been some doubt over whether 10% neutral-buffered formalin is an ideal fixation solution for DNA preservation over non-buffered formalin, as conventionally recommended. In this study, the correlation between the efficiency of DNA extraction from FFPE tissues and buffered formalin was evaluated. METHODS: Several tissues with same conditions except fixatives were fixed in four different formalin solution groups and were routinely processed as paraffin-embedding protocols. DNAs were extracted from four different FFPE tissues that were stored for over 3 months and over 9 months. The quantity and quality of the DNAs were assessed with a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and degradation were analyzed via microchip electrophoresis. KRAS mutation analysis and microsatellite instability (BAT25) PCR were performed with each sample. RESULTS: The results showed no remarkable difference in the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings demonstrate that DNA preservation is fairly unaffected by a neutral buffer where there is short formalin manufacture period and an adequate formalin fixation time before embedding in paraffin.
DNA ; Electrophoresis, Microchip ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Microsatellite Instability ; Paraffin ; Pathology, Molecular ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Fixation ; Tissue Preservation

To understand the course of renal diseases well, we must have basic knowledges of histologic procedures of renal biopsy samples as well as basic pathologic changes. This article describes the method of dividing the biopsy samples , fixatives for various pathologic examinations and basic pathologic changes of glomerular diseases. For light microscopic examination, color changes of glomerular structures in PAS, trichrome and PAM stains, normal glomerular patterns compared to various glomerulopathies are introduced. While describing typical staining patterns and intensities of fluorescence in membranous glomerulopathy and IgA nephropathy, basic interpretation of immunofluorescent microscopic examination is described. To understand electron microscopic pictures of renal diseases, preference locations of electron dense deposits in various glomerulonephrites are described with schema. This article is the introduction part of the renal pathology and for the further detail changes of specific entities, we should reference the renal pathology textbooks or articles.
Biopsy ; Coloring Agents ; Electrons ; Fixatives ; Fluorescence ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; Immunohistochemistry ; Light ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence

Antigens, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Buffers ; Female ; Fixatives ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microwaves ; Paraffin Embedding ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling

Acetic Acid ; Biopsy ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fixatives ; Formaldehyde ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; pathology ; Male ; Picrates ; Spermatozoa ; pathology ; Testis ; pathology ; Tissue Fixation ; methods