Optical coherence tomography-based angiography (OCTA) is a novel non-invasive technique for quantitatively evaluating retinal microvascular perfusion. Due to the similar embryonic origin, anatomical characteristics, and physiological characteristics of the retina and cerebral small vessels, changes in retinal microvasculature may provide a new perspective for studying the mechanisms of cerebral small vessel diseases. This article summarizes the application of OCTA in cerebrovascular diseases, aiming to evaluate whether OCTA can become an effective tool for early prediction of the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease and monitoring disease changes.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma with intratracheal diffuse leukoplakia as the main manifestation is very rare in clinic. The clinical data of a patient with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with intratracheal diffuse leukoplakia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in December 25, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed in order to improve the understanding of this special manifestation. The patient was a 73-year-old male with clinical manifestations of cough, sputum, and blood-stained sputum. Chest CT indicated patchy high-density shadow on the upper right lung, whole-course thickening of trachea and bronchial walls, and bronchoscopy showed diffuse trachea-bronchial mucosa congestion and edema, with a large number of leukoplakia on the surface. The clinical effect was stable after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Lung squamous cell carcinoma accompanied by diffuse leukoplakia in the trachea is a rare presentation. Chest CT can show thickening of the tracheal and bronchial wall, while the lesion and tumor signs of the primary lesion are not obvious. Electronic bronchoscopy as soon as possible can avoid missed diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of IL-28B in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and to analyze the possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups with seven mice in each group: control group, DSS group and three IL-28B groups (1.25 μg, 2.5 μg and 5 μg). The mice in the DSS group and IL-28B groups were fed with 2.5% DSS solution and from day 3, the IL-28B groups were given intraperitoneal injection of corresponding IL-28B every day and the DSS group was treated with PBS. During the experiment, the disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated daily. On day 8, the mice were sacrificed and peripheral blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph node and colon samples were collected. The colon samples were observed, measured in length and stained with HE, and histopathological scores were calculated based on HE staining. Changes of immune cells in different samples were detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the expression of IL-12, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-13 in serum and colon tissues.Results:Compared with the DSS group, the IL-28B group (2.5 μg) had lower DAI scores [(9.40±1.67) vs (3.50±1.73), P<0.01], less shortening of the colon [(5.16±0.61) cm vs (6.91±0.60) cm, P<0.01] and significantly lower histopathological scores [(7.33±0.58) vs (4.33±0.58), P<0.01]. Moreover, compared with the DSS group, the IL-28B group (2.5 μg) showed decreased macrophages in the peripheral blood [(21.39±3.21)% vs (15.63±2.98)%, P<0.05] and spleen [(3.03±0.28)% vs (2.05±0.48)%, P<0.05], and significantly increased mean fluorescence intensity of M2 macrophages in the colon [(1 361.00±293.40) vs (2 074.00±87.61), P<0.05]. IL-12 expression in colon tissues and IL-1β expression in serum were reduced, and IL-10, IL-4 and IL-13 expression in colon tissues was significantly increased in the IL-28B group (2.5 μg) as compared with those in the DSS group [IL-12: (31.72±6.92) pg/mg vs (5.41±3.41) pg/mg; IL-1β: (48.01±16.13) pg/ml vs (12.27±6.26) pg/ml; IL-10: (184.70±46.82) pg/mg vs (444.30±157.80) pg/mg; IL-4: (2.23±0.27) pg/mg vs (3.64±0.80) pg/mg; IL-13: (11.79±0.99) pg/mg vs (22.59±1.92) pg/mg; all P<0.05]. Conclusions:IL-28B might alleviate the severity of acute enteritis in mice by increasing the secretion of IL-4 and IL-13, regulating macrophage differentiation and modulating the expression of inflammatory factors.

A total of 159 patients with Streptococcus milleri (S. milleri) infection were diagnosed in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2019. The demographic data, underlying diseases, infection sites, laboratory tests, and prognosis of patients were retrospectively analyzed; the clinical and microbiological data were compared among different age groups. Of the 159 patients there were 103 were males and 56 females; there were 19 patients aged<18 years [(8.1±5.3) years], 113 patients aged ≥18 and < 65 years [(45.5±13.1) years] and 27 patients aged ≥65 years[(74.7±8.6) years]. The incidence peaked in the 34-55 year age group (50 cases, 31.4%). Streptococcus anginosus was identified in 97 cases (61.0%), Streptococcus constellatus in 55 patients (34.6%) and Streptococcus intermedius in 7 cases (4.4%). The abdomen (44 cases, 27.7%) and the chest (19 cases, 11.9%) were the main involving sites. For patients younger than 18 years and those aged ≥18 and<65 years, suppurative appendicitis was the most common condition[12 cases(12/19) and 21 cases(18.6%), respectively]; while in patients aged ≥65 years, chest infection ranked the first (9 cases, 33.3%). All 159 patients were treated with anti-infection therapy alone or anti-infection and invasive procedures with a favorable prognosis, 2 patients died with a overall fatality rate of 1.3%.

Objective:To analyse the epidemic features and programs of control on tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1990 to 2017 to provide references and evidence on prevention and control of the disease.Methods:We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 to analyse the trends of incident and death cases of TB in China from 1990 to 2017.Results:In 2017, there were an estimated 831.0 thousand (age-standardized incidence: 54.18 per 100 000 population) incident cases and 39.3 thousand (age-standardised mortality: 2.17 per 100 000 population) deaths of TB in the country. The incident cases and deaths of TB decreased by 51.05 % and 76.24 % compared with the numbers in 1990, respectively. The average annual declining rates on incident cases and deaths of TB were 2.61 % and 5.18 %, respectively, from 1990 to 2017. The number of incident cases of TB decreased from 833.6 thousand in 2016 to 831.0 thousand in 2017 (decreased by 0.31 %). The number of deaths of TB decreased from 40.7 thousand in 2016 to 39.3 thousand in 2017 (decreased by 3.44 %). The number of incident cases and deaths of drug-sensitive TB showed a declining trend from 1990 to 2017. However, the number of incident cases and deaths showed first increased and then decreased trends for both multidrug-resistant TB (MDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDRTB) in the same period. The number of incident cases of XDRTB increased from 2 979 in 2016 to 3 018 in 2017, with an increasing rate by 1.32 %. The number of deaths of XDRTB increased from 819 in 2016 to 829 in 2017, with an increase rate by 1.22 %. Conclusions:China made substantial progress in reducing both the TB incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2017 but the rate of decline became slow in the later years. We noticed that the increase of TB caused by XDR-TB had been increasing which called for special attention.

Purpose: Four and a half LIM protein 1 (FHL1) is involved in breast cancer (BC) development, but the regulatory mechanism involved remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of FHL1 in BC development. Methods: The expression of FHL1, miR-183-5p, and miR-96-5p in BC tissues was analyzed using StarBase analysis. FHL1 expression in BC tissues, a normal human breast epithelial cell line, and BC cell lines was detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between FHL1 and miR-183-5p/miR-96-5p was analyzed via Pearson's rank correlation, TargetScan, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with either FHL1 and miR-183-5p mimics, or siFHL1 and a miR-183-5p inhibitor, respectively. The viability, colony number, migration, invasion, and tube length of BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells were examined using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound-healing, Transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. The levels of FHL1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin were quantified using western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results: FHL1 expression was downregulated in BC tissues and cells, whereas miR-183-5p and miR-96-5p were upregulated in BC tissues (negative correlation with FHL1 expression).FHL1 overexpression inhibited the viability, colony number, migration, and invasion of BC cells and the expression of VEGF, N-cadherin, and vimentin, and increased the expression of FHL1, p53, and E-cadherin in BT549 cells. Furthermore, a miR-183-5p mimic reversed these effects of FHL1 overexpression, whereas FHL1 silencing caused opposite results to those observed in MDA-MB-231 cells; however, this was reversed by a miR-183-5p inhibitor. Conclusion Our study suggests that miR-183-5p promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis by negatively regulating FHL1 in BC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) induced by hippocampal neuritis in intrauterine infected mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 female mice and 15 male mice were caged in a ratio of 2 ∶ 1.After that,the pregnant mice were divided into 2 groups.A mice model of intrauterine infection was established that intrauterine infection group (lipopolysaccharides,LPS group) induced by LPS at the concentration of 350 μg/kg and control group treated with same volume of saline (9 g/L).At 3 days postpartum,15 mice in each group were killed for hippocampus,and the protein levels of SHIP-1,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) p65 and phosphorus NF-κB(NF-κBp) in the hippocampus of the newborn mice were detected by Western blott,while the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)were detected by using enzyme linked immunosoobent assay.When the remaining mice were 8 weeks old(10 in each group),Morris water maze experiments were performed respectively,which the mice were tested for evaluating learning and memory function by positioning navigation and space exploration experiments.Results The expression of SHIP-1 was significantly increased in control group (0.677 ± 0.074) compared with LPS group (0.317 ± 0.095,t =2.984,P =0.041),while the levels of NF-κB p65,and NF-κBp,were significantly lower in control group (0.630 ± 0.109,0.352 ± 0.084) than LPS group(0.630 ± 0.109,0.352 ± 0.084) (t =3.516,5.161,P =0.025,0.007).Moreover,LPS significantly enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α [(5.875 ± 0.349) pg/mg,(14.256 ± 0.784)pg/mg] compared with control group[(1.621 ± 0.151) pg/mg,(3.984 ± 0.255) pg/mg],and the differences were significant(t =11.190,12.460,P=0.000,0.000).By the average Escape Latency tests for6 days,LPS group [at 1-6 days (58.286±1.418) s,(56.036 ±2.252) s,(55.071 ±1.856) s,(50.071 ±3.251) s,(52.893 ±2.372) s,(46.929 ±3.761) s] markedly impaired the learning capacity compared with the control group[(53.679 ±2.413) s,(47.571 ±3.529) s,(54.071 ±2.777) s,(47.250 ±2.864) s,(45.107 ±3.447) s,(42.393 ±3.463) s],and the difference was significant (F =4.466,P =0.001).Concurrently,in probe trains LPS group increased the time of in zone southeast latency to first [(44.080 ± 6.313) s] compared with the control group [(25.900 ± 6.033) s],while shortened the period of in zone platform duration and in zone SE duration [(0.000 ± 0.040) s,(4.000 ± 1.693) s],decreased the times of in zone SE frequency and in zone platform frequency[(0.100 ±0.100) times,(1.000 ±0.394)times] compared with the control group [(0.400 ± 0.202) s,(14.360 ± 5.000) s,(0.600 ± 0.267) times,(3.400 ±0.763) times] (t=2.082,1.746,1.962,2.794,1.756,P=0.026,0.049,0.033,0.006,0.048).Conclusion The expression of SHIP-1 in hippocampus of newborn mice with intrauterine infection is decreased,and the inhibitory effect of SHIP-1 on the expression of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines NF-κB,inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α is decreased,along with cognitive impairments.

Objective:To investigate the targeted motion and controllable release of tumor drugs based on micromotor. Methods:The directional movement of Janus micro-capsules was achieved through an external magnetic field,and the controllable release of tumor drugs was induced by near-infrared laser.Results:During the same period, the movement speed of the Janus capsules micromotor was the fastest(36.8 μm·s-1,approximately equalled to 3 body length·s-1) in 15% H2O2solution. Under the control of the external magnetic field, the Janus capsules micromotor could move along the scheduled trajectory close to the area of HeLa cells. Through the irradiation of near-infrared laser, the Janus capsules micromotor was broken and released the loaded drugs quickly. Conclusion:The Janus capsule micromotor studied in the paper can be used for targeted drug delivery safely and effectively,therefore,it shows good application prospect in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Theories of classified management which are based on risk governance are introduced into the newly revised , but the punishments on the manufacturers of unconformity products are not classified based on the severity and risks caused by the test items. This article analysed the disadvantages of current punishment measures on the manufacturers of unconformity products and the theoretical basis of classified punishments. The feasibility of classified punishments had also been studied and some basis of discretionary punishments was provided under the current regulations.
Equipment Failure ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Punishment