BACKGROUND:With the deepening of the aging of the world population,the prevalence rate of osteoarthritis is increasing.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the study of osteoarthritis.Studies have shown that autophagy and apoptosis are strongly associated with the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,and play an important role in it. OBJECTIVE:To review the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in osteoarthritis,aiming to explore the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in osteoarthritis and the coupling mechanism of the two to mediate the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS:The Chinese and English key words"osteoarthritis,autophagy,apoptosis"were searched in the CNKI and PubMed.After screening by reading the title,abstract and key words,the relevant literature was carefully read.After excluding studies unrelated to the content of the paper and repetitive studies,68 articles were finally included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are related to autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes.Autophagy protects chondrocytes from stress damage,but excessive autophagy also induces or promotes chondrocyte apoptosis and reduces the survival rate of chondrocytes.The two perturb each other to regulate the degeneration of articular cartilage.(2)miRNA,Beclin-1 and oxidative stress are all involved in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis on osteoarthritis,and affect the development of osteoarthritis.

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a kind of bacteria that settled in the mucosal epithelium of human mouth and nasopharynx shortly after human birth. It is found that Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a probiotic beneficial to human health. Many studies have confirmed that Streptococcus salivarius K12 has bioactive effects against oral and oropharyngeal inflammation and infection, dental caries, halitosis and oral epithelial damage. This paper reviews the research progress of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the prevention and treatment of oral and oropharyngeal diseases.

Taking full advantage of professional knowledge,clinical pharmacist involved in the whole treatment process of one case of mycobacterium infection by assisting doctors in determining and optimizing the anti-infective treatment plan, and performing pharmaceutical care. After the active, rational and effective anti-infective treatment, the patient's infection was controlled effectively. The active participation of clinical pharmacist gains clinical experience for the treatment of rare bacterial infections.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of compound mylabris capsules combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods From September 201 3 to September 201 4,we collected 80 patients with stage ⅡB-ⅣA cervical cancer who were admitted to Cancer Center of Affiliated People′s Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine. They were divided into the observation group (n =40)and control group (n =40)according to random number table.Patients of observation group were treated with compound mylabris capsules combined with chemo-radiotherapy,and patients of the control group were treated with the concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone.TP scheme of paclitaxel plus cisplatin was used in chemotherapy.Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy was used in radiotherapy.The effective rates,Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS)scores,and recent adverse reactions in the two groups were compared.Results The short-time effec-tive rates in the observation group and control group were 97.5% and 95.0% respectively,with no significant difference (χ2 =0.346,P =0.556).The grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ adverse reactions in the observation group and control group included leucopenia (80.0% vs.95.0%),lower hemoglobin (22.5% vs.45.0%),thrombocytopenia (60.0% vs.82.5%),radioactive urocystitis (5.0% vs.30.0%),radioactive proctitis (1 0.0% vs. 30.0%),with significant differences (χ2 =4.1 1 4,P =0.043;χ2 =4.528,P =0.033;χ2 =4.943,P =0.026;χ2 =8.658,P =0.003;χ2 =5.000,P =0.025).The KPS score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (90 vs.70),with significant difference (Z =4.523,P =0.000).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of compound mylabris capsules combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and chemoradio-therapy alone for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer are similar.Compound mylabris capsules can re-duce the rates of adverse reactions such as leucopenia,lower hemoglobin,thrombocytopenia,radioactive urocysti-tis and radioactive proctitis,and can improve KPS score,which plays a role of reliving toxicity.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of amiodarone combined with valsartan in the treatment of paroxys-mal atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. METHODS:130 elderly patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were randomly divided into observation and control group. Control group was orally given Amiodarone tablet 0.6 g in the first week,3 times a day,0.4 g in the second week,twice a day,0.2 g in the third week,twice a day;observation group was additionally given valsartan capsule 0.4 g in the first 1-3 day(s),once a day,the dose was increased to 0.8 g if patients showed no hypotension,once a day,and then decreased to 0.4 g if the pressure was lower than 100/60 mm Hg,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy,and left atrium(LA),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular systolic volume(LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),heart rate,cardiothoracic ratio,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:Total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment,LA, LVEDV and LVESV,heart rate,cardiothoracic ratio,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure in 2 groups were significant-ly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,LVEF was significantly higher than before,and observa-tion group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant differ-ence in the incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of amiodarone combined with valsartan is more obvious than only amiodarone in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in elderly patients,with similar safety.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Danhong injections in the adjuvant therapy for angina pecto-ris. Methods:According to a random number table,totally 120 cases of patients with angina pectoris were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group was treated with the conventional therapy,such as oxygen uptake,anti-in-flammation,expectoration and relieving asthma,and the observation group was treated with Danhong injections(30ml added in 250ml glucose infusions,ivd,qd)additionally. The treatment course was 2 weeks. The hemorheology and blood lipid changes before and af-ter the treatment were recorded,the ECG was analyzed and the clinical symptom improvement was evaluated in the two groups. Re-sults:After the treatment,the hemorheological indices of the two groups were significantly reduced(P<0. 01),and the improvement of the observation group was much better than that of the control group(P<0. 01). After the treatment,the TC,TG and LDL were significantly lower and the HDL was notably higher than those before the treatment in the two groups(P<0. 01),and the improvement of the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0. 01). The total efficiency of ECG and clinical symptom improvement in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Dan-hong injections in the treatment of angina pectoris can significantly improve the hemorheology and blood lipid to enhance the clinical ef-ficacy,which are worthy of promoted application.

Objective To discuss the short-term curative effect and the safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty using high viscosity bone cement for the treatment of severe osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with severe osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures (compression degree>70%), who received percutaneous vertebroplasty by using high viscosity bone cement during the period from December 2010 to May 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were followed up for at least one month. Both preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life (QOL) scores, as well as the incidence of bone cement leakage, were recorded and the results were used to evaluate the curative effect and the safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty for severe osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures. Results One week after the treatment, significant pain relief was obtained in 92 patients (92%), VAS scores decreased from preoperative (7.0 ±1.2) to postoperative (2.0±1.5), and QOL scores increased from preoperative (30±5.0) to postoperative (80±18.0);the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). One month after the treatment, significant pain relief was seen in 91 patients (91%), VAS scores decreased from preoperative (7.0 ±1.2) to postoperative (1.5 ±1.0) and QOL scores increased from preoperative (30±5.0) to postoperative (80±15.0); the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). No statistically significant differences in VAS scores and QOL scores existed between the data determined at one week after the treatment and the data determined at one month after the treatment (P>0.05). Leakage of bone cement was observed in 40 patients (40%), resulting no severe neurological symptoms; among the 40 patients, intervertebral disc leakage at above and below the vertebral body was detected in 28 patients (70%), vertebral anterior edge leakage was observed in 11 patients (27.5%) and vertebral posterior edge leakage was seen in one patient (2.5%). Conclusion For the treatment of severe osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures, percutaneous vertebroplasty by using high viscosity bone cement is safe and effective.

Objective:To observe the effect and safety of the inhalation of Lanqin oral solutions combined with interferon in the treatment of children herpes angina. Methods:The children with herpes angina were randomly divided into two groups. On the basis of support treatment, the control group (57 cases) was intravenously treated with ribavirin, and the observation group (58 cases) was treated with the combined inhalation of interferon and Lanqin oral solutions. The time of transference cure, total efficiency and adverse drug reactions in the two groups were observed and compared. Results:The time of transference cure of the observation group was sig-nificantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0. 05) with higher total efficiency (P<0. 05). The adverse drug reactions were few and mild in the two groups. Conclusion:The inhalation of Lanqin oral solutions combined with interferon in the treatment of chil-dren with herpes angina is effective with short transference cure time, convenience of use and promising security, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of high viscosity bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF) and veterbral metastasis tumor(VMT) .Methods 102 cases of OVCF(OVCF group) and 16 cases of VMT(VMT group) in our hospital from March 2010 to December 2012 were performed percutaneous vertebroplasty under local anesthesia ,through the vertebral pedicle approach by conducting puncture at bilateral vertebral pedicle into the vertebra , 3-6 mL high viscosity bone cement was injected to each vertebra .The pain intensity was detected by the McGill pain questionnaire score before operation ,on postoperative 3 d ,1 month and 6 -18 months last follow-up .The preoperative and postoperative MPQ scores were statistically analyzed .Results Postoperative patients′s back pain was significantly alleviated or disappeared .Compared with before operation ,the MPQ scores on postoperative 3 d ,in 1 month and 6 -18 months last follow-up in the OVCF group and the VMT group were significantly decreased(P<0 .05) .The postoperative CT scanning revealed that the cement leakage rates in the OVCF group and the VM T group were 11 .76% and 6 .25% respectively .But no complications of bone cement toxicity ,pulmo-nary embolism ,infection and nerve damage occurred .Conclusion High viscosity bone cement injection has the advantages of strongly controllable injection due to high viscosity ,low bone cement leakage and high surgical safety ,which is suitable for the treatment of OVCF and VM T .

Objective To investigate the clinical feature and prevalence of chronic actinic dermatitis in a four-generation family with both monovular twins affected by chronic actinic dermatitis.Methods The clinical and laboratory findings from monovular twins simultaneously affected by chronic actinic dermatitis and their four-family members were analyzed.Results There were 76 members in the four-generation family,with 22 members (including 14 males and 8 females) diagnosed with chronic actinic dermatitis.No positive results were found from laboratory examinations or environmental survey.Conclusion Chronic actinic dermatitis was inherited in an autosomal mode in this family.