Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity for energy production under conditions of increased energy demand in schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (33.00±6.07 years) and 12 subjects diagnosed with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (36.00±8.33 years) matched for age and sex, were recruited for this study. Hypoxic stress was induced during MR scans to elevate the energy demand on the subjects’ bioenergetic systems. Participants breathed air with a lower oxygen concentration (FiO2=13%), maintaining their SpO2 levels (86%) during the initial phase of the scan. 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy was employed to examine metabolite levels, including phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), as well as the ratios of PCr/Pi and PCr/β-ATP, in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior cortex (POC), as well as across the entire brain, during both hypoxia and hyperoxia scans. Results: Subjects with SCZ had significantly lower levels of Pi across the brain and particularly, in the PFC, POC, and ACC during the hypoxia scan. Moreover, levels of PCr/Pi, indicative of mitochondrial energy production, were found to be higher in the same brain regions in the SCZ group. No significant differences were found in hyperoxia scan phase. Conclusion These findings suggest a deficit in the bioenergetic systems of individuals with SCZ under conditions of heightened energy demand. Further studies are warranted.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity for energy production under conditions of increased energy demand in schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (33.00±6.07 years) and 12 subjects diagnosed with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (36.00±8.33 years) matched for age and sex, were recruited for this study. Hypoxic stress was induced during MR scans to elevate the energy demand on the subjects’ bioenergetic systems. Participants breathed air with a lower oxygen concentration (FiO2=13%), maintaining their SpO2 levels (86%) during the initial phase of the scan. 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy was employed to examine metabolite levels, including phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), as well as the ratios of PCr/Pi and PCr/β-ATP, in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior cortex (POC), as well as across the entire brain, during both hypoxia and hyperoxia scans. Results: Subjects with SCZ had significantly lower levels of Pi across the brain and particularly, in the PFC, POC, and ACC during the hypoxia scan. Moreover, levels of PCr/Pi, indicative of mitochondrial energy production, were found to be higher in the same brain regions in the SCZ group. No significant differences were found in hyperoxia scan phase. Conclusion These findings suggest a deficit in the bioenergetic systems of individuals with SCZ under conditions of heightened energy demand. Further studies are warranted.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity for energy production under conditions of increased energy demand in schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (33.00±6.07 years) and 12 subjects diagnosed with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (36.00±8.33 years) matched for age and sex, were recruited for this study. Hypoxic stress was induced during MR scans to elevate the energy demand on the subjects’ bioenergetic systems. Participants breathed air with a lower oxygen concentration (FiO2=13%), maintaining their SpO2 levels (86%) during the initial phase of the scan. 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy was employed to examine metabolite levels, including phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), as well as the ratios of PCr/Pi and PCr/β-ATP, in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior cortex (POC), as well as across the entire brain, during both hypoxia and hyperoxia scans. Results: Subjects with SCZ had significantly lower levels of Pi across the brain and particularly, in the PFC, POC, and ACC during the hypoxia scan. Moreover, levels of PCr/Pi, indicative of mitochondrial energy production, were found to be higher in the same brain regions in the SCZ group. No significant differences were found in hyperoxia scan phase. Conclusion These findings suggest a deficit in the bioenergetic systems of individuals with SCZ under conditions of heightened energy demand. Further studies are warranted.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity for energy production under conditions of increased energy demand in schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (33.00±6.07 years) and 12 subjects diagnosed with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (36.00±8.33 years) matched for age and sex, were recruited for this study. Hypoxic stress was induced during MR scans to elevate the energy demand on the subjects’ bioenergetic systems. Participants breathed air with a lower oxygen concentration (FiO2=13%), maintaining their SpO2 levels (86%) during the initial phase of the scan. 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy was employed to examine metabolite levels, including phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), as well as the ratios of PCr/Pi and PCr/β-ATP, in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior cortex (POC), as well as across the entire brain, during both hypoxia and hyperoxia scans. Results: Subjects with SCZ had significantly lower levels of Pi across the brain and particularly, in the PFC, POC, and ACC during the hypoxia scan. Moreover, levels of PCr/Pi, indicative of mitochondrial energy production, were found to be higher in the same brain regions in the SCZ group. No significant differences were found in hyperoxia scan phase. Conclusion These findings suggest a deficit in the bioenergetic systems of individuals with SCZ under conditions of heightened energy demand. Further studies are warranted.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity for energy production under conditions of increased energy demand in schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (33.00±6.07 years) and 12 subjects diagnosed with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (36.00±8.33 years) matched for age and sex, were recruited for this study. Hypoxic stress was induced during MR scans to elevate the energy demand on the subjects’ bioenergetic systems. Participants breathed air with a lower oxygen concentration (FiO2=13%), maintaining their SpO2 levels (86%) during the initial phase of the scan. 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy was employed to examine metabolite levels, including phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), as well as the ratios of PCr/Pi and PCr/β-ATP, in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior cortex (POC), as well as across the entire brain, during both hypoxia and hyperoxia scans. Results: Subjects with SCZ had significantly lower levels of Pi across the brain and particularly, in the PFC, POC, and ACC during the hypoxia scan. Moreover, levels of PCr/Pi, indicative of mitochondrial energy production, were found to be higher in the same brain regions in the SCZ group. No significant differences were found in hyperoxia scan phase. Conclusion These findings suggest a deficit in the bioenergetic systems of individuals with SCZ under conditions of heightened energy demand. Further studies are warranted.

Objective The leptin receptor,encoded by the LEPR gene,is involved in tumorigenesis.A potential functional variant of LEPR,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),has been extensively investigated for its contribution to the risk of digestive system(DS)cancers,but results remain conflicting rather than conclusive.Here,we performed a case-control study and subsequent meta-analysis to examine the association between rs1137101 and DS cancer risk. Methods A total of 1,727 patients with cancer(gastric/liver/colorectal:460/480/787)and 800 healthy controls were recruited.Genotyping of rs1137101 was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)assay and confirmed using Sanger sequencing.Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results After Bonferroni correction,the case-control study revealed that rs1137101 was significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer in the Hubei Chinese population.The meta-analysis suggested that rs1137101 is significantly associated with the risk of overall DS,gastric,and liver cancer in the Chinese population. Conclusion The LEPR rs1137101 variant may be a genetic biomarker for susceptibility to DS cancers(especially liver and gastric cancer)in the Chinese population.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

Objective To understand the current situation of human brain donation in Hebei Province by analyzing the basic information of Human Brain Bank samples of Hebei Medical University in order to provide basic data support for subsequent scientific research.Methods The samples collected from the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University were analyzed(from December 2019 to February 2024),including gender,age,cause of death,as well as quality control data such as postmortem delay time,pH value of cerebrospinal fluid and and RNA integrity number and result of neuropathological diagnosis.Results Until February 2024,30 human brain samples were collected and stored in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University,with a male to female ratio of 9∶1.Donors over 70 years old accounted for 53％.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(36.67％)and nervous system diseases(23.33％)accounted for a high proportion of the death causes.The location of brain tissue donors in Shijiazhuang accounted for 90％donations,and the others were from outside the city.The postmortem delay time was relatively short,90％within 12 hours and 10％more than 12 hours.69.23％of the brain samples had RNA integrity values greater than 6.Cerebrospinal fluid pH values ranged from 5.8 to 7.5,with an average value of 6.60±0.45.Brain weights ranged from 906-1496 g,with an average value of(1210.78±197.84)g.Three apolipoprotein E(APOE)alleles were detected including five genotypes(ε2/ε3,ε2/ε4,ε3/ε3,ε3/ε4,ε4/ε4).Eleven staining methods related to neuropathological diagnosis had been established and used.A total of 12 cases were diagnosed as neurodegenerative diseases(including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple system atrophy,corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy,etc.),accounting for 40％donated brains.The comorbidity rate of samples over 80 years old was 100％.Conclusion The summary and analyses of the data of brain donors in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University can reflect the current situation of the construction and operation of the brain bank in Hebei Province,and it can also be more targeted to understand and identify potential donors.Our information can provide reference for the construction of brain bank and provides more reliable materials and data support for scientific research.

Objective To explore the current status of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 677 residents from four districts of Sanya City were selected by overall stratified random sampling method,and were subjected to urea 14C breath test and questionnaire survey to calculate the positive rate of H.pylori in the natural population and analyze the influencing factors of H.pylori infection.Results A total of 606 residents were included,and the number of H.pylori positive detections was 261,with a positive detection rate of 38.5％.Among them,different ethnicity,marital status,smoking,eating vegetables and fruits,and literacy level were associated with H.pylori infection(P＜0.05);gender,age,BMI,alcohol consumption,drinking water source,betel quid chewing,and the number of cohabitants were not significantly associated with H.pylori infection(P＞0.05).Family infection was an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,and Li ethnicity,frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables,and college and higher education level were independent protective factors for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City.Conclusion The rate of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City is lower than the national average.Consuming more fruits and vegetables and improving the awareness of hygiene protection are conducive to the prevention of H.pylori infection;and the promotion of the family and related members with the same examination and treatment is important to avoid aggregation of infection within the family.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ)is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear tran-scription factor superfamily.Activated PPAR-γ is involved in the regulation of many central nervous system(CNS)events,and is involved in cholesterol metabolism by inducing or inhibi-ting a series of gene pathways,thereby inhibiting the deposition of β-amyloid protein(Aβ).It plays an important neuroprotec-tive role in Alzheimer's disease(AD),improves memory and cognition in AD,and is a potential target for AD.Drug develop-ment aimed at restoring cholesterol homeostasis may be a poten-tial strategy to counteract AD.By analyzing the distribution and structure of PPAR-γ,focusing on the biological correlation be-tween PPAR-γ-mediated cholesterol metabolism and AD,this paper describes the mechanism regulation of PPAR-γ on key proteins,genes and their corresponding molecules,providing a new reference for the treatment of AD.