Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Objective: To investigate the positive rate of drug-induced antibodies produced by the clinical application of β-lactam antibiotics, and analyze the differences in the detection methods and related influencing factors. Methods: A total of 350 adult inpatients who developed anemia after using β-lactam antibiotics for 3 days or more in Inner Mongolia People's hospital were selected as the experimental group, and 240 adult inpatients treated with β-lactam antibiotics for 3 days or more who did not develop anemia as the control group. The drug-induced antibody tests, direct antiglobulin tests, and unexpected antibody screening were performed on both groups, and the influencing factors of drug-induced antibodies were analyzed. Results: The numbers of positive cases of drug-induced antibody detected by the drug-coated red blood cell method in the experimental group and the control group were 12(12/350, 3.43%) and 2(2/240, 0.83%) respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). No drug-induced antibodies were detected in either group using the drug addition method. In the experimental group, the red blood cell method detected β-lactam drug-induced antibodies in 12 cases (12/350, 3.43%), while the drug added method detected 0 cases (0/350, 0.00%), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In the control group, the detection rates of two methods showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In the experimental group, 7 cases of β-lactam antibodies were detected in the cephalosporin group (7/293, 2.40%) and 5 cases in the non-cephalosporin group (5/58, 8.62%), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the second-generation and third-generation cephalosporin drugs (P>0.05). When the experimental group was stratified according to the history of blood transfusion and the blood type of patients, no statistically significant differences were observed between subgroups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Anemia may be related to the production of drug-induced antibodies followingβ-lactam antibiotics treatment. Therefore, improving the clinical awareness of drug-induced antibodies to β-lactam antibiotics is of great significance to clarify the causes of anemia and reduce unnecessary blood transfusions.

Objective: To investigate the positive rate of drug-induced antibodies produced by the clinical application of β-lactam antibiotics, and analyze the differences in the detection methods and related influencing factors. Methods: A total of 350 adult inpatients who developed anemia after using β-lactam antibiotics for 3 days or more in Inner Mongolia People's hospital were selected as the experimental group, and 240 adult inpatients treated with β-lactam antibiotics for 3 days or more who did not develop anemia as the control group. The drug-induced antibody tests, direct antiglobulin tests, and unexpected antibody screening were performed on both groups, and the influencing factors of drug-induced antibodies were analyzed. Results: The numbers of positive cases of drug-induced antibody detected by the drug-coated red blood cell method in the experimental group and the control group were 12(12/350, 3.43%) and 2(2/240, 0.83%) respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). No drug-induced antibodies were detected in either group using the drug addition method. In the experimental group, the red blood cell method detected β-lactam drug-induced antibodies in 12 cases (12/350, 3.43%), while the drug added method detected 0 cases (0/350, 0.00%), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In the control group, the detection rates of two methods showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In the experimental group, 7 cases of β-lactam antibodies were detected in the cephalosporin group (7/293, 2.40%) and 5 cases in the non-cephalosporin group (5/58, 8.62%), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the second-generation and third-generation cephalosporin drugs (P>0.05). When the experimental group was stratified according to the history of blood transfusion and the blood type of patients, no statistically significant differences were observed between subgroups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Anemia may be related to the production of drug-induced antibodies followingβ-lactam antibiotics treatment. Therefore, improving the clinical awareness of drug-induced antibodies to β-lactam antibiotics is of great significance to clarify the causes of anemia and reduce unnecessary blood transfusions.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of CD7 expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 children with AML admitted to Jiangxi Province Children's Hospital from October 2016 to December 2020.According to the results of immunophenotyping,the children were divided into CD7 positive(CD7+)group and CD7 negative(CD7-)group.The clinical characteristics,immunophenotype and treatment effect of the two groups were compared.Results Among 60 children with AML,18 cases were CD7+,and the positive rate was 30.00%,mainly M2 and M5,the expression rate of M2 was 55.56%,which was higher than that of other subtypes.The CD7+ group had significantly higher white blood cell count and bone marrow blast granulocyte count than the CD7-group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in platelet count,hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase,creatinine and other laboratory indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After 1 course of standard induction chemotherapy,the CD7+ group had a significantly lower complete remission rate than the CD7-group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in the overall survival rate and disease free survival rate between the two groups of patients at 1 year and 2 years.Conclusion Compared with CD7-children,the peripheral white blood cell count and bone marrow blast cell count of CD7+ children were significantly higher,and the complete remission rate of induction chemotherapy was significantly lower.The expression of CD7 antigen has a significant predictive value for the poor prognosis of children with AML,which may provide new ideas for the treatment strategy of children with AML,and lay the foundation for further exploring the mechanism of CD7 in the development of AML.

The ICR(Institute of Cancer Research)mouse infection model was constructed to study the pathogenicity of Sal-monella Telelkebir serotype,and the pathogenic identification of mouse isolates was carried out.Observe the bacterial excretion cycle,evaluate the pathogenicity of Salmonella serotype to mice,and calculate the LD50 by the changes in clinical characteris-tics,histopathology and tissue bacterial load of infected mice;by flight mass spectrometry,biochemical identification,serotype identification,molecular typing and other experiments,compared with human isolates;virulence gene analysis was carried out by PCR experiment and whole genome sequencing.The LD50 of Salmonella Telelkebir is 2.67 × 108 CFU/mL;curling and fluffing may occur 0.5 h after infection;autopsy of dead mice showed that the small intestine was severely congested,with more bubbles and fluid accumulation,cecal necrosis,liver apical degeneration and necrosis,necrotic foci on the surface of the kidney and spleen atrophy;the bacterial load of spleen,kidney,lung,liver and jejunum in mice reached its peak at 3 days after infection,while that of heart at 6 days;the bacterial excretion time of the high-dose group exceeded 100 days;The level of CD3 in tissues increased with increasing dose,with inflammatory cell infiltration,myocardial capillary dilation and hyperemia,large area of vacuoles,degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes,obvious enlargement of splenic sinus,blurred zoning,thickening of glomerular basement membrane,partial exfoliation of ciliated epithelium,atrophy and exfoliation of jejunal villi;PCR and whole genome sequencing revealed Salmonella-related virulence genes such as cdtB,plt A and pltB.This study was the first to successfully establish the ICR mouse model of Salmonella Telelkebir,demonstrating that this serotype of Salmonella has some pathogenicity.

Objective:To observe and verify the changes of transcriptome in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI), and to further clarify the changes of pathways in HALI.Methods:Twelve healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normoxia group and HALI group according to the random number table, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the normoxia group were fed normally in the room, and the mice in the HALI group was exposed to 95% oxygen to reproduce the HALI animal model. After 72 hours of hyperoxia exposure, the lung tissues were taken for transcriptome sequencing, and then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to verify the key molecules in the signal pathways closely related to HALI identified by transcriptomics analysis.Results:Transcriptomic analysis showed that hyperoxia induced 537 differentially expressed genes in lung tissue of mice as compared with the normoxia group including 239 up-regulated genes and 298 down-regulated genes. Further KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 20 most significantly enriched pathway entries, and the top three pathways were ferroptosis signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and glutathione (GSH) metabolism signaling pathway. The related genes in the ferroptosis signaling pathway included the up-regulated gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the down-regulated gene solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). The related genes in the p53 signaling pathway included the up-regulated gene tumor suppressor gene p53 and the down-regulated gene murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The related gene in the GSH metabolic signaling pathway was up-regulated gene glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The light microscope showed that the pulmonary alveolar structure of the normoxia group was normal. In the HALI group, the pulmonary alveolar septum widened and thickened, and the alveolar cavity shrank or disappeared. RT-RCR and Western blotting confirmed that compared with the normoxia group, the mRNA and protein expressions of HO-1 and p53 in lung tissue of the HALI group were significantly increased [HO-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.16±0.17 vs. 1.00±0.00, HO-1 protein (HO-1/β-actin): 1.05±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.01, p53 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.52±0.13 vs. 1.00±0.00, p53 protein (p53/β-actin): 1.12±0.02 vs. 0.58±0.03, all P < 0.05], and the mRNA and protein expressions of Grx1, MDM2, SLC7A11 were significantly decreased [Grx1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.53±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00, Grx1 protein (Grx1/β-actin): 0.54±0.03 vs. 0.93±0.01, MDM2 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.48±0.03 vs. 1.00±0.00, MDM2 protein (MDM2/β-actin): 0.57±0.02 vs. 1.05±0.01, SLC7A11 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.50±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.00, SLC7A11 protein (SLC7A11/β-actin): 0.72±0.03 vs. 0.98±0.01, all P < 0.05]. Conclusions:HALI is closely related to ferroptosis, p53 and GSH metabolism signaling pathways. Targeting the key targets in ferroptosis, p53 and GSH metabolism signaling pathways may be an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of HALI.

A domestically produced self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve controllable bending delivery system(VitaFlow? Ⅲcontrollable bending retrievable delivery system)was first used to perform transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)in a symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis patient with severe heart failure and high risk of surgery in China on September 22,2023.The patient successfully completed TAVR under general anesthesia,with good valve position and function after the operation.Before discharge and at one month of follow-up,the patient's symptoms and degree of heart failure were significantly improved.The follow-up results of this case showed that the VitaFlow? Ⅲ controllable bending retrievable delivery system for TAVR is safe and feasible,and future prospective,multicenter clinical trials are expected to evaluate its efficacy.

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

At present, pancreatic cancer is a solid tumor with the worst prognosis. Compared with surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy plays an auxiliary role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, significant advances have been achieved in radiotherapy technology, which have been gradually applied in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this article, the progress in radiation therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer was reviewed, especially the clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, aiming to deepen the understand of the progress in radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer, and providing reference for improving the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients.