This study was aimed at understanding the molecular characteristics of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodi-um ovale wallikeri imported cases in Chongqing,to provide data to support monitoring and control efforts.In a retrospective analysis,26 Plasmodium ovale archival blood samples were characterized with respect to five molecular markers(Cox1,Cytb,Tra,Dhfr,and K13)from 2013 to 2023.PCR amplification of partial fragments of the Cox1,Cytb,and Tra genes of Plas-modium ovale was performed to distinguish the two subspecies.The drug-resistance Dhfr and K13 genes of Plasmodium ovale were amplified with PCR assays followed by DNA sequencing,and the sequences were aligned.The differentiation of 26 cases of Plasmodium ovale(14 cases of curtisi subspecies and 12 cases of wallikeri subspecies)according to ssrRNA was consistent with the classification results of Cox1,Cytb,and TRA genes.Thirteen single nucleotide dimorphism sites were identified in Cox 1,including the 145 and 153 loci,with only variations in amino acids M176I and I288V at loci 528 and 862,and N337H mutation in one sample.Twelve base substitutions were found among Cytb gene subspecies,with only the M248I mutation in amino acid 248.A total of 49 nucleotide dimorphism sites in Tra gene,resulting in 18 amino acid mutations,were identified be-tween the two subspecies.In the curtisi type sample,the poc1 type had more PINTINPINTIN and TITPIS amino acid units than the poc2 type.The mutation rate of the Dhfr gene was rel-atively high:25％of the samples showed S58R mutations.The K13 gene subspecies was not homozygous,and one sample was heterozygous.This study confirmed the dimorphism and mutation sites between Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri sub-species in Cox1,Cytb,Tra,Dhfr,and K13 gene fragments of imported Plasmodium ovale in Chongqing,thus enriching knowledge regarding gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri imported cases.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)in children.Methods:The clinical data of six children who developed PRES after undergoing allo-HSCT in the Department of Hematology of Wuhan Children's Hospital from June 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical characteristics,imaging examination,laboratory examination,and treatment regression were summarized.Results:Among 281 children underwent allo-HSCT,6 cases(2.14％)developed PRES,with a median age of 5.1(1.5-9.7)years old.4 cases underwent related haploidentical donor transplantation,and 2 cases underwent sibling allografting and unrelated donor allografting donor transplantation,respectively.All six children had an acute onset of illness,with clinical manifestations of nausea and vomiting,seizures,psychiatric disorders,visual disturbances.The five cases elevated blood pressure.All children with PRES were treated with oral immunosuppressive drugs during seizures,and 3 cases were combined with different degrees of graft-versus-host disease.Most of the children showed effective improvement in clinical symptoms and imaging after adjusting/discontinuing suspected medications(cyclosporine,etc.)and symptomatic supportive treatments(oral antihypertensive,diazepam for antispasmodic,mannitol to lower cranial blood pressure),and one of them relapsed more than 8 months after the first seizure.Conclusion:PRES is rare after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children,and its onset may be related to hypertension,cytotoxic drugs,graft-versus-host disease,etc.Most of them can be recovered after active treatment,but not completely reversible,and the prognosis of those who combined with TMA is poor.

Background Bacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. Objective To understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. Methods Three subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO₂), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min⁻¹, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO₂ concentration and total bacterial count. Results The pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO₂, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P₂₅, P₇₅) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m⁻³. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P<0.05). A total of 874 strains and 82 species were identified by automatic microbial mass spectrometry. The results of identification were all over 9 points, and the predominant bacteria in the air were Micrococcus luteus (52.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (9.8%). Three pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (0.3%), Corynebacterium striatum (0.1%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacilli (2.2%) were detected in 23 samples (2.6%), and the associated locations were mainly distributed in train compartments during evening rush hours. Conclusion The total bacteria count in indoor air varies by monitoring sites of subway stations and time periods, and there is a risk of opportunistic bacterial infection. Attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfection during peak passenger flow hours in all areas.

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens

Objective: To explore the related factors of negative conversion time (NCT) of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 225 children who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 3^rd to May 31^st 2022 were enrolled in the study. The infection age, gender, viral load, basic disease, clinical symptoms and information of accompanying caregivers were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, the children were divided into<3 years of age group and 3-<18 years of age group. According to the viral nucleic acid test results, the children were divided into positive accompanying caregiver group and negative accompanying caregiver group. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Results: Among the 225 patients (120 boys and 105 girls) of age 2.8 (1.3, 6.2) years, 119 children <3 years and 106 children 3-<18 years of age, 19 cases were diagnosed with moderate COVID-19, and the other 206 cases were diagnosed with mild COVID-19. There were 141 patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group and 84 patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group.Patients 3-<18 years of age had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.7 (4, 9) d, Z=-4.17, P<0.001) compared with patients <3 years of age. Patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.6 (4, 9) d,Z=-2.89,P=0.004) compared with patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that anorexia was associated with NCT of nucleic acid (OR=3.74,95%CI 1.69-8.31, P=0.001). Conclusion: Accompanying caregiver with positive nucleic acid test may prolong NCT of nucleic acid, and decreased appetite may be associated with prolonged NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/genetics* ; Nucleic Acids ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy in the treatment of circular mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Patients with annular mixed hemorrhoids were divided into two groups by a completely randomized controlled method.54 patients in the experimental group were treated with modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy,while 51 patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPH.The postoperative indicators,perioperative and long-term complication rates of the two groups were compared,and the clinical efficacy and safety were observed.Results The operation time in the experimental group was(48.35±4.37)minutes,which was higher than that in the control group(36.42 ±6.21)minutes(P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in the experimental group was 1.9％,lower than 15.6％ in the control group(P＜0.05).Anal pain,urinary retention,first defecation time,long-term anal distention,the experimental group was significantly better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);The hospitalization time in the experimental group(4.8±0.62)days was not significantly different from that in the control group(5.1±0.54)days(P＞0.05).The amount of intraoperative bleeding and anastomotic bleeding in the experimental group[(17.28±2.22)ml,3.7％]were not significantly different from those in the control group[(16.75± 2.13)ml,3.9％](P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional PPH,the modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy slightly increases the operation time,but does not increase the risk of anastomotic bleeding,the incidence of rectal fistula,the amount of surgical bleeding,and the length of hospital stay.It can significantly improve postoperative anal pain,urinary retention,long-term distention symptoms,shorten the time of first defecation,ease the difficulty of defecation,and significantly reduce postoperative anastomotic stenosis,The long-term efficacy and safety are good.

The twenty-first century has already recorded more than ten major epidemics or pandemics of viral disease, including the devastating COVID-19. Novel effective antivirals with broad-spectrum coverage are urgently needed. Herein, we reported a novel broad-spectrum antiviral compound PAC5. Oral administration of PAC5 eliminated HBV cccDNA and reduced the large antigen load in distinct mouse models of HBV infection. Strikingly, oral administration of PAC5 in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1) infection significantly decreases viral loads and attenuates lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PAC5 binds to a pocket near Asp49 in the RNA recognition motif of hnRNPA2B1. PAC5-bound hnRNPA2B1 is extensively activated and translocated to the cytoplasm where it initiates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to the production of type I IFNs with antiviral activity. Our results indicate that PAC5 is a novel small-molecule agonist of hnRNPA2B1, which may have a role in dealing with emerging infectious diseases now and in the future.
Animals ; Mice ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 ; Hepatitis B virus ; Interferon Type I/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/antagonists & inhibitors*

Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm² and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pollen ; Hospitals

Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm² and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pollen ; Hospitals

Objective:To evaluate the safety of mass vaccination of inactivated 2019-nCoV vaccine in population aged ≥3 years in Guizhou Province.Methods:The open-label study was conducted in eligible volunteers in Yanhe County of Guizhou from June 2021 to July in 2022. In the study, two doses of the inactivated 2019-nCoV vaccine were given at (0, 28) days according to the immunization schedule. The information about adverse reaction (AR) within 30 minutes and during 0-28 days after vaccination were collected, and the incidence of AR was analyzed by age, doses, and health status.Results:The overall incidence of AR was 1.51% (294/19 458), all ARs, mainly pain at injection site, occurred within 7 days after the vaccination, the AR grade was 1-2. The incidence of AR was 1.01% in age group 3- years (58/5 721), 2.44% in age group 18- years (220/9 017), and 0.34% in age group ≥60 years (16/4 720). The differences were significant ( P<0.001). The incidence of AR after the first dose vaccination (1.20%, 233/19 458) was significantly higher than that after the second dose (0.37%, 61/16 368), the difference was significant ( P<0.001). In the elderly aged ≥60 years, the incidence of AR was 0.36% (9/2 520) in healthy group and 0.32% (7/2 200) in group with underlying medical conditions, the differences were not significant ( P=0.818). Conclusion:The domestic inactivated 2019-nCoV vaccine showed good safety in mass vaccination in population aged ≥3 years, including the elderly in both healthy group and group with underlying medical conditions.