Two­photon microscopy is a new technique which combines laser scanning con-focal microscopy and two-photon excitation technique. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy has the advantages of little light damage, small bleaching area, strong penetrability, high resolution, high fluorescence collection efficiency, and high image contrast. It is suitable for dark field imaging and multi-labeled compound measurement, and has been widely used in small animals in vivo optical imaging, such as research for tumour, gene therapy, stem cells, drug development, spinal cord injury, etc.

Objective To survey the attitudes and acceptance level of upper limb function reconstruction in patients with cervical spinal cord injury and analyze the related factors. Methods From October, 2013 to June, 2014, a total of 104 patients with cervical spinal cord injury were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire. Results There were 81 valid questionnaires, in which 3 patients (3.7%) heard of upper-extremity reconstructive surgery. The patients longed for upper limb function improvement most. After they had a understanding of the surgery, their willingness improved (P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the satisfaction degree and operation willingness between different hand function groups (P>0.05). The patients focused on the operation cost, the operation risk, recovery time after operation and the satisfaction of assistive devices, however, they were not correlated with the willingness of upper limb function reconstruction (P>0.05). Conclusion There is a clear gap between strong desire for functional improvement of upper limb and surgery awareness. It is important to communicate upper limb among patients with cervical spinal cord injury.

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate and control the translation of target genes, and play an important role in gene expression involved in the development of spinal cord and spinal cord injury, which constitute novel targets for therapeutic intervention to promote repair and regeneration of the spinal cord, also they are the potential biomarkers of spinal cord injury. This article reviewed the mechanism of microRNAs and listed several microRNAs in spinal cord injury area.