The organization of the brain follows a topological hierarchy that changes dynamically during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during development can modify this hierarchical topology. By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training for five years (starting from 7 years to 12 years old) in pre-training and post-training, we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology. We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network, AMC training-promoted shifting, and regional changes in cortical gradients. Moreover, the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy. We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups. Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
Child ; Humans ; Cognitive Training ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Motor Cortex

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of BD-77 by nebulized inhalation on animal models of various respiratory viral infections and investigate the mechanism of broad-spectrum antiviral action of BD-77 using proteomics. MethodThe influenza virus H1N1/FM1 experiment used ICR mice and divided them into a normal group， model group， Tamiflu group， and BD-77 groups of 75 and 37.5 g·L^-1 for inhalation of 20 min and 25 min. Human coronavirus 229E and OC43 experiment divided the BALB/c mice into a normal group， model group， chloroquine phosphate group， and BD-77 groups of 75， 37.5， 18.75， and 9.375 g·L^-1， with 10 mice in each group. Influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection-induced pneumonia models were used to detect mouse lung index， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the viral load in lung tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect related inflammatory factors in lung tissue， and proteomics analysis was performed on the lung tissue of OC43-infected mice. ResultCompared with that in the normal group， the lung index of mice in each infection group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and viral nucleic acid could be detected in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronavirus 229E were all significantly increased （P<0.01）. BD-77 could significantly reduce the lung index of mice infected with influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， cut down the viral load in the lungs of mice infected with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 （P<0.01）， and lower the contents of IL-6， IL-10， and TNF-α in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronavirus 229E （P<0.01）. Proteomics analysis of the lung tissue of OC43-infected mice showed that BD-77 regulated the AMPK signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， NOD-like signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， Forkhead box protein O （FoxO） signaling pathway， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathway， and other signaling pathways. ConclusionNebulized inhalation of BD-77 is effective in treating pneumonia caused by influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection in mice and may exert its antiviral effects by regulating the balance of cellular metabolism， enhancing the immune function of the host， and attenuating inflammatory responses.

Objective:To investigate the effects of peritoneal dialysis combined with hemodialysis on improving cardiac and renal function, peritoneal function, and nutritional status, and reducing complications in patients with end-stage renal disease.Methods:A total of 90 patients with end-stage renal disease who received treatment at Lishui Municipal Central Hospital and Lishui People's Hospital from January 2019 to May 2022 were retrospectively included in this study. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 45 patients in each group, based on the treatment methods used. The control group received peritoneal dialysis treatment, while the observation group received a combination of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis treatment. The changes in cardiac and renal function, peritoneal function, nutritional status, and the occurrence of complications were observed in both groups.Results:After treatment, the observation group showed significantly lower values in the cardiothoracic ratio [(57.02 ± 3.35)%], brain natriuretic peptide [(8 849.34 ± 124.65) ng/L], left ventricular mass index [(181.32 ± 8.56) g/m2], blood urea nitrogen [(14.04 ± 1.94) mmol/L], and serum creatinine [(181.47 ± 27.06) μmol/L] compared with the control group [(58.92 ± 3.11)%, (15 126.39 ± 322.82) ng/L, (187.28 ± 8.95) g/m2, (18.49 ± 2.82) mmol/L, (196.56 ± 31.07) μmol/L, t = 2.79, 121.68, 3.23, 8.72, 2.46, all P < 0.05]. Additionally, the observation group had significantly higher levels of ejection fraction [(63.47 ± 5.23)%], albumin [(52.98 ± 6.37) g/L], and hemoglobin [(114.94 ± 13.61) g/L] compared with the control group [(60.46 ± 5.18)%, (47.01 ± 6.04) g/L, (98.04 ± 10.93) g/L, t = -2.74, -4.52, -6.49, all P < 0.05]. The observation group also exhibited a significantly lower dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio [(0.56 ± 0.09)] and a lower level of β 2-microglobulin [(18 032.29 ± 718.11) mg/L] compared with the control group [(0.61 ± 0.07), (18 424.42 ± 736.43) mg/L, t = 2.54, 2.06, both P < 0.05]. The incidence of complications in the observation group was 11.11% (5/45), which was significantly lower than that in the control group [31.11% (14/45), χ2 = 4.27, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Peritoneal dialysis combined with hemodialysis can improve cardiac and renal function, peritoneal function, and nutritional status and decrease the incidence of complications in patients with end-stage renal disease. This approach deserves to be clinically promoted. The findings of this study are of significant innovation and scientific value.

Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)mainly damages the immune cells of pigs,causing lym-phocyte depletion and immune suppression.Interleukin(IL)-15 regulates immune functions wide-ly,and plays an important regulatory role in the survival,proliferation,differentiation and immune function of a variety of immune cells such as natural killer(NK),CD8+T cells and NKT cells.In this study,in order to determine the effect of PCV2 on IL-15 expression,4-week-old piglets(n=4)were infected with PCV2 and the negative control group(n=4)was set up.On day 7 post-infec-tion,the inguinal lymph nodes of the infected and control groups were collected,and porcine cyto-kine antibody microarray(QAP-CYT-1)was employed to quantify the expression of cytokines in the tissues,screen for differential cytokines,and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for IL-15 were conducted.Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(qPCR)and ELISA were used to verify the level of IL-15 mRNA and protein,and those in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and serum were simultaneously detected.Compared with the negative control group,the expression lev-el of IL-15 was significantly reduced in the infected group(P＜0.05);IL-15 was mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions,immune responses,cellular activation,and the regulation of JAK-STAT and TNF signaling pathways.The levels of IL-15 mRNA and protein in inguinal lymph nodes in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),which was consistent with the detection results of QAP-CYT-1.However,there was no significant difference in IL-15 mRNA and protein levels in PBMC and serum.These results indicate that PCV2 can inhibit IL-15 in the inguinal lymph node microenvironment of piglets.This study can provide important information for further revealing the immunosuppressive mechanism of PCV2.

ObjectiveTo study the potential quality marker （Q-marker） of Tinosporae Radix associated with efficacy of "relieving sore throat" based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， multivariate statistical analysis （MSA）， and network pharmacology. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the main chemical components in 18 batches of Tinosporae Radix. On this basis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were employed to screen out the main marker components that caused differences between groups. Moreover， network pharmacology technology was applied to predict the potential "sore throat-relieving" components， and the molecular docking between the common components resulting from MSA and network pharmacology and the core targets was carried out to verify the marker components. ResultA total of 17 compounds， including alkaloids， diterpenoid lactones， and sterols， were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Five main differential components were found by MSA： Columbamine， jatrorrhizine， palmatine， menisperine， and columbin. Network pharmacology analysis yielded six compounds： tetrahydropalmatine， palmatine， menisperine， fibleucin， neoechinulin A， and columbin which were selected as potential "sore throat-relieving" components of Tinosporae Radix. They may relieve sore throat by acting on interleukin-6， epidermal growth factor receptor， prostaglandin G/H synthase 2， matrix metalloproteinase-9， proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src and other targets， and regulating Hepatitis B， influenza A， human T-cell virus infection， human cytomegalovirus infection， coronavirus disease-2019， and other signaling pathways. The common active components in Tinosporae Radix resulting from MSA and network pharmacology analysis were palmatine， menisperine， and columbin， which had high binding affinity with six core targets and can be used as the Q-marker components of Tinosporae Radix in "relieving sore throat". ConclusionThis study predicts the "sore throat-relieving" Q-marker of Tinosporae Radix， which lays a basis for developing the quality standard of Tinosporae Radix based on the efficacy and improving the quality evaluation system of the medicinal.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of Chinese medical chiropractic in treating children with cough variant asthma syndrome (CVA) of Lung-Spleen Qi Deficiency.Methods:From October 2017 to October 2018, 60 CVA children with syndrome of lung-spleen qi deficiency were enrolled from pediatric outpatient department of Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and they were randomly divided into the control group and observation group by random number table method, with 30 in each group. The control group was given montelukast sodium granules orally on the basis of conventional treatment, and the observation group was given chiropractic treatment on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 6 weeks and followed up for 2 months. The TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, and the changes of serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE were detected by ELISA. The recurrence was observed and recorded during the follow-up period, and the clinical effect rate was evaluated.Results:The total effect rates of the observation group and the control group were 86.7% (26/30) and 56.7% (17/30), respectively, with significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=6.648, P=0.008). After treatment, the scores of cough, sputum volume, oppression in chest, tongue coating, concomitant symptoms and total scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.639, 2.628, 2.633, 2.627, 2.725, 2.642, respectively, all Ps<0.05). After treatment, the IgA [(2.31 ± 1.20) g/L vs. (1.55 ± 0.72) g/L, t=2.635], IgG [(11.16 ± 3.39) g/L vs. (8.18 ± 3.27) g/L, t=2.751], IgM [(1.72 ± 0.34) g/L vs. (1.27 ± 0.36) g/L, t=2.660] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05), while the IgE [(51.32 ± 32.62) g/L vs. (74.58 ± 40.77) g/L, t=2.619] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). During the follow-up, the recurrence rate was 19.2% (5/26) in the observation group and 70.6% (12/17) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.675, P=0.029). Conclusion:Chinese medicine chiropractic can improve the clinical symptoms and serum immune factor levels of children with cough variant asthma syndrome of lung and spleen qi deficiency, reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective:To provide reference for the development of a more intelligent and systematic nursing clinical decision support system based on the concept of precision nursing and data sharing, the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system.Methods:An evidence-based knowledge base was constructed based on the nursing process and the standardized nursing terminologies; the nursing plan module was designed according to clinical needs, and the logical reasoning rules were formulated from the generation, sequencing and stopping of nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, and finally the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system was formed.Results:The nursing plan module of clinical decision support system included the basic information of patients, positive evaluation items and weight values, nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, etc. the module could automatically deduce the nursing plan according to the patient's individual characteristic index (positive evaluation item), and sort the nursing problems and corresponding measures and activities according to the generation time, weight value and correlation degree. It could automatically distinguish nursing problems, goals, measures and the time of activity stop, and realize intelligent decision-making.Conclusion:The interface of nursing plan module of this system is clear and logical reasoning rules are rigorous. It breaks through the bottleneck of nursing decision-making based on personal professional knowledge and experience in clinical situation for a long time, which can ensure the homogeneity of nursing plan and improve the correctness of decision-making.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of high-titer plasma in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe adenovirus pneumonia.Methods:The clinical data of 92 pediatric patients with severe adenovirus pneumonia admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2016 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the treatment with or without high-titer plasma, the patients were divided into plasma treatment group ( n=41) and non-plasma treatment group ( n=51). The 51 patients with chest radiograph showing more than half the lungs involved were divided into plasma treatment group ( n=29) and non-plasma treatment group ( n=22). According to fever duration before plasma treatment, patients were divided into early group (≤5 days, n=5), middle group (>5-10 days, n=14), and late group (>10 days, n=22). Baseline data, therapeutic effects, and prognosis of patients in each group were analyzed with t test, non-parametric rank sum test, one-way ANOVA and chi-square test. Results:Ninety-two patients were included. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body weight, fever duration, sequential organ failure assessment, and Murray lung injury score between plasma treatment group and non-plasma treatment group before admission (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients whose temperature drop to normal within 5 days was higher in plasma treatment group than that in non-plasma treatment group (88% (36/41) vs. 69% (35/51), χ 2=4.745, P=0.029). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportions of invasive ventilator weaning within 14 days (63% (26/41) vs. 76% (39/51), χ 2=1.868, P=0.172), transfer out from PICU within 14 days (49% (20/41) vs. 69% (35/51), χ 2=3.724, P=0.054), discharge within 28 days (51% (21/41) vs. 61%(31/51), χ 2=0.846, P=0.358) and survived patients (85% (35/41) vs. 76%(39/51), χ 2=1.143, P=0.285). Among patients with severe chest radiograph, the proportions of patients whose temperature drop to normal within 5 days and survived patients were higher in plasma treatment group than those in non-plasma treatment group (86% (25/29) vs. 59% (13/22), χ 2=4.843, P=0.028; 83% (24/29) vs. 55%(12/22), χ 2=4.796, P=0.029, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportions of invasive ventilator weaning within 14 days (52% (15/29) vs. 59% (13/22), χ 2=0.274, P=0.601), transfer out from PICU within 14 days (34% (10/29) vs. 45% (10/22), χ 2=0.632, P=0.427), and discharge within 28 days (45% (13/29) vs. 45% (10/22), χ 2=0.002, P=0.964). Among early, middle and late group, the proportions of invasive ventilator weaning within 14 days were 2/5, 13/14 and 50% (11/22), respectively, with statistically significant difference (χ 2=8.119, P=0.017). There were no significant differences in the proportions of patients whose temperature drop to normal within 5 days (4/5, 14/14, 82% (18/22), χ 2=2.965, P=0.227), transfer out from PICU within 14 days (2/5, 10/14, 36%(8/22), χ 2=4.386, P=0.112), discharge within 28 days (2/5, 8/14, 50% (11/22), χ 2=0.462, P=0.794) and survived patients (4/5, 13/14, 82% (18/22), χ 2=0.966, P=0.617) in the three groups. Only one case with high-titer plasma therapy had rash in the course of infusing plasma and no other adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions:High-titer plasma can shorten the fever time and improve the proportion of survival patients in pediatric severe adenovirus pneumonia. The clinical effect of high-titer plasma is better in 5-10 days of fever course. High-titer plasma is an effective and safe treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of the humanized care on the blood glucose, blood lipid and diabetic ketoacidosis control of type 1 diabetes patients outside the hospital. Methods Fifty type 1 diabetes patients were enrolled in this study, aged from 18 to 30 years old, outside the hospital. The duration of this study was from Mar 2009 to Jan 2016.The clinical and laboratory data of patients,including HbA1c,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG and diabetic ketoacidosis were collected and analyzed. Results About 60.0% and 80.0% of type 1 diabetes pa-tients achieved the goals of contorlling glycemia (HbA1c < 6.5%) and dyslipidemia (LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L) respec-tively, after receiving the humanized care outside the hospital, while only 32.0% and 22.0% of type 1 diabetes pa-tients achieved these goals before.Moreover,after receiving the humanized care outside the hospital,only 16.0% of type 1 diabetes patients suffered from diabetic ketoacidosis which was 40.0% before.Conclusions The humanized care outside the hospital can help patients to acheive the goals of contorlling glycemia and dyslipidemia among the type 1 diabetes.Besides,it contributes to reduce the incidence rate of the diabetic ketoacidosis.

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is found to be highly expressed in different kinds of tumor cells,which could regulate the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumor through multiple signal transduction pathways such as inducing the formation of inflammatory carcinoma,accelerating the transcription cycle of tumor cells,promoting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells,inhibiting the apoptosis of tumor cells and reducing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs.It suggests that CypA might be considered as a kind of oncogene,which is expected to be a novel target for tumor treatment.