The organization of the brain follows a topological hierarchy that changes dynamically during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during development can modify this hierarchical topology. By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training for five years (starting from 7 years to 12 years old) in pre-training and post-training, we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology. We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network, AMC training-promoted shifting, and regional changes in cortical gradients. Moreover, the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy. We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups. Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
Child ; Humans ; Cognitive Training ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Motor Cortex

ObjectiveTo study the potential quality marker （Q-marker） of Tinosporae Radix associated with efficacy of "relieving sore throat" based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， multivariate statistical analysis （MSA）， and network pharmacology. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the main chemical components in 18 batches of Tinosporae Radix. On this basis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were employed to screen out the main marker components that caused differences between groups. Moreover， network pharmacology technology was applied to predict the potential "sore throat-relieving" components， and the molecular docking between the common components resulting from MSA and network pharmacology and the core targets was carried out to verify the marker components. ResultA total of 17 compounds， including alkaloids， diterpenoid lactones， and sterols， were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Five main differential components were found by MSA： Columbamine， jatrorrhizine， palmatine， menisperine， and columbin. Network pharmacology analysis yielded six compounds： tetrahydropalmatine， palmatine， menisperine， fibleucin， neoechinulin A， and columbin which were selected as potential "sore throat-relieving" components of Tinosporae Radix. They may relieve sore throat by acting on interleukin-6， epidermal growth factor receptor， prostaglandin G/H synthase 2， matrix metalloproteinase-9， proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src and other targets， and regulating Hepatitis B， influenza A， human T-cell virus infection， human cytomegalovirus infection， coronavirus disease-2019， and other signaling pathways. The common active components in Tinosporae Radix resulting from MSA and network pharmacology analysis were palmatine， menisperine， and columbin， which had high binding affinity with six core targets and can be used as the Q-marker components of Tinosporae Radix in "relieving sore throat". ConclusionThis study predicts the "sore throat-relieving" Q-marker of Tinosporae Radix， which lays a basis for developing the quality standard of Tinosporae Radix based on the efficacy and improving the quality evaluation system of the medicinal.

OBJECTIVE: To present on a prenatally diagnosed case with complex structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. METHODS: Chromosome karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were carried out for a fetus with increased nuchal thickness. RESULTS: The karyotype of the amniotic fluid sample showed extra materials on 8p. FISH revealed a centromeric signal at the terminal of 8p with absence of telomeric signal. CMA revealed partial deletion of 8p23.3 [(208049_2256732)×1], partial duplication of 8p23.3p23.2 [(2259519_3016818)×3], and partial duplication of 8q [8q11.1q12.2(45951900_60989083)×3]. CONCLUSION The complex structural rearrangements of chromosome 8 in this case has differed from the commonly seen inv dup del(8p).
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics* ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Gene Rearrangement ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Centromere

Objective:To analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values of the red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet count ratio (RPR) for hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis who were diagnosed and treated in Yiwu Central Hospital from June 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were included in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group. They were subdivided into survival ( n = 69) and death ( n = 11) groups according to their prognosis outcomes. Eighty patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the chronic hepatitis B group. Eighty healthy controls who concurrently underwent physical examination were included in the control group. The diagnostic and prognostic values of RPR, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4) for hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis were analyzed. Results:Red blood cell distribution width, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group and chronic hepatitis B group were significantly higher compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). Platelet count in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group and chronic hepatitis B group was significantly lower than that in the control group (both P < 0.05). Red blood cell distribution width in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group was significantly higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B group [(18.25 ± 3.28)% vs. (14.67 ± 2.15)%, t = 8.16, P < 0.05]. Platelet count, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group were (78.47 ± 11.43) × 10 9/L, (49.48 ± 6.85) U/L, (45.86 ± 6.28) U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (133.36 ± 18.42) × 10 9/L, (128.36 ± 15.40) U/L, (98.67 ± 14.41) U/L in the chronic hepatitis B group ( t = -22.65, -41.86, -30.05, all P < 0.05). PRP, APRI, and FIB-4 in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group were (0.23 ± 0.05), (1.85 ± 0.44), (4.25 ± 0.81) respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.11 ± 0.02), (1.46 ± 0.33), (3.38 ± 0.63) in the chronic hepatitis B group ( t = 19.93, 6.34, 7.58, all P < 0.001). The RPR, APRI, and FIB-4 in the death group were (0.25 ± 0.08), (1.97 ± 0.48), (4.52 ± 1.31), respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.18 ± 0.05), (1.68 ± 0.40), (3.69 ± 1.21) in the survival group ( t = 3.94, 2.17, 2.09, all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that PRP has an extremely high value in diagnosing hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis and predicting the death of patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis. Conclusion:RPR has an extremely high value in diagnosing hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis and predicting the prognosis of this disease.

The adjacent anatomy of the pelvis is complicated, with digestive, urinary, reproductive and other organs as well as important blood vessels and nerves. Therefore, accurate resection of pelvic tumors and precise reconstruction of defects after resection are extremely difficult. The development of medical 3D printing technology provides new ideas for precise resection and personalized reconstruction of pelvic tumors. The “triune” application of 3D printing personalized lesion model, osteotomy guide plate and reconstruction prosthesis in pelvic tumor limb salvage reconstruction treatment has achieved good clinical results. However, the current lack of normative guidance standards such as preparation and application of 3D printing personalized lesion model, osteotomy guide plate and reconstruction prosthesis restricts its promotion and application. The formulation of this consensus provides normative guidance for 3D printing personalized pelvic tumor limb salvage reconstruction treatment.

Objective: To understand the social psychological status of the elderly in different age groups ( young, middle-aged and old) , and explore the main factors that influence the social psychological status of the elderly. Method:Using the Chinese Health and Retirement Survey ( CHARLS) database, the descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the social psychological status and influencing factors of the elderly at different ages over 60 years of age in China. Results:The social psychological status of the elderly gradually became worse with age. The social psychological status of the elderly in the low age group was better than that in the middle age and the high age group; the depression factor of the middle age group was better than that of the low age group and the high age group;and the social psychological status of the elderly was generally poor. In the regression analysis, the effects of age, marital status, physical health status, activity frequency, and life satisfaction on the social psychological status of the elderly had statistical significance ( P <0. 05). Conclusion: Age, marital status, physical health status, activity frequency and life satisfaction are the main factors that influence the social psychological status of the elderly, and the government, society and relatives should pay attention to the social psychological health of the elderly.

We report a case of cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic adreocortical adenoma. The patient is a 37 years old woman, she was admitted to our hospital for " 2 years history of hypertension and weakness in both lower extremities for 2 months". Physical examination revealed: blood pressure 160/116 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa), body mass index 27.47 kg/m2, moon-face, increased fat in the neck and back, purple marks on abdominal skin, withⅡdegree edema of both lower extremities. Laboratory examination revealed that serum cortisol levels were elevated, loss of normal circadian rhythm, and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was suppressed, the level of cortisol could not be suppressed in low dose desamethasone suppression test. Adrenal computed tomography ( CT) revealed a nodule in the right retroperitoneum, compression of the renal hilum, no bilateral adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia were found. This patient was diagnosed as corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome unequivocally. The clinical symptoms were relieved after successful laparoscopic retroperitoneum resection of the nodule. Pathological exam confirmed adrenocortical adenoma in ectopic adrenal tissue. Thus, we should consider the ectopic corticosteroid-secreting tumor in the context of corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome, especially when the imaging studies of adrenal revealed bilateral adrenal glands were normal or atrophic, which helped to make an appropriate strategy treatment.

Objective To assess whether asymmetric spin echo version of echo planar imaging (ASE EPI) sequence can reflect cerebral oxygen metabolism by means of the changes in oxygen extraction fraction values before and after surgical operations in the canine model of ischimia. Methods A total of 12 healthy crossbreed dogs were enrolled in this study. All canines underwent cerebral MR imaging including coronal T2WI, DWI, MRA, ASE EPI and 3D PCASL. The bilateral carotid arteries (CA) were separated by surgical operations. The bilateral CA were ligated in 6 dogs, and the other 6 dogs had embolization in ligated bilateral CA. The cerebral MR imaging with the above protocol was repeated at 1 hour after surgical operation for each dog. All dogs were executed when they finished the MR examinations. Then the whole brains of the dogs were taken out for cutting coronal sections and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The ASE EPI data were processed by the Functool software in the workstation to generate OEF maps. For measuring the OEF values before and 1 hour after surgical operations, one and the same region of interest (ROI) was respectively placed in the left and right hemispheres on the OEF maps for each dog. 3D PCASL data were processed by the Functool software in the workstation to yield CBF maps. The method for measuring the CBF values before and 1 hour after surgical operations on CBF maps was same as that for measuring on OEF maps. The changes of measurements before and after surgical operations were compared between the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA by using an independent samples t test. The measurements before and after surgical operations were respectively compared in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA by using a paired t-test. The cutting slices with TTC staining were analysed for determining ischimia. Results The CBF values of the dogs with ligated bilateral CA were (59.81±23.59) and (38.56± 12.98) ml/(min · 100 g) before and after surgical operations, respectively. The CBF values of the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA were (58.94±18.35) and (28.01±11.41) ml/(min·100 g) before and after surgical operations, respectively. The CBF values were significantly lower before surgical operations than after surgical operations in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA, respectively (t=8.92 and 13.42, respectively; P=0.00, respectively). The CBF values were decreased more significantly in the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA than in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA (t=2.92, P=0.00). The OEF values of the dogs with ligated bilateral CA were 0.29±0.02 and 0.32 ± 0.06 before and after surgical operations, respectively. The OEF values of the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA were 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.35 ± 0.06 before and after surgical operations, respectively. The OEF values were significantly higher before surgical operations than after surgical operations in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA, respectively (t=-7.21 and-4.43, respectively;P=0.00, respectively). The OEF values were increased more significantly in the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA than in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA (t=2.18, P=0.03). The pathological results showed that the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA had swollen cortex with focal infarction which was matched with the hyperintensity areas on the OEF and DWI images. However, the dogs with ligated bilateral CA only had swollen cortex whereas didn't have focal infarction. Conclusions ASE EPI sequence can reliably reflect cerebral oxygen metabolism in ischemia. This sequence has an important role for assessing hemodynamic state in patients with cerebral vascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antidepressant effect of triptolide in chronically unpredictable stressed mice and its possible protective effect on brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). METHODS One method was selected from 8 different stress methods each day,and the mice were treated with triptolide(20,40,80 and 160μg·kg-1)10 min before the stress method. A chroni?cally unpredictable stressed model was established and after 14 d stress experiment, the total distance in the locomotor activity and the immobility time in the force swimming test and tail test were observed respectively. Triptolide(20,40,80 and 160μg·kg-1)was given 10 min before the test. In addition, Western blot was used to analyze the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein(p-CREB) and BDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. RESULTS There was no effect on the locomotor activity in any group. Compared with the normal control group,the chronically unpre?dictable stressed group showed obvious depressive-like behavior,while the immobility time in the force swimming test decreased from(161 ± 18)s in chronically stressed group to(102 ± 14)s(P<0.05) and(83±14)s(P<0.01)when mice were ip given triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1, respectively,and(77± 11)s(P<0.01)in imipramine(IMI)hydrochloride group(10 mg?kg-1),and(96±9)s(P<0.01)in fluox?etine(FLU)group(10 mg?kg-1). The immobility time in the tail suspension test decreased from(128± 8)s in chronically stressed group to(93±9)s(P<0.05),(85±8)s(P<0.01)and(77±11)s(P<0.01)when mice were ip given triptolide 40,80 and 160μg · kg-1 respectively,and(64 ± 9)s(P<0.01)in IMI hydro?chloride 10 mg?kg-1 group,and(72±6)s(P<0.01)in FLU group(10 mg?kg-1). Moreover,the expression of p-CREB in the hippocampus and frontal cortex significantly increased in triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1 groups(P<0.05),so did the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1 groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Triptolide can ameliorate the depressive-like behavior in chronically unpredictable stressed mice,which may be related to the cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal transduction cascades.

Objective To analyze antibacterial resistance and distribution of Acinetobacter baumanni in clinical departments,in order to provide references for hospital infection control.Methods Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumanni from January 2012 to July 2014 were collected.Bacterial identification and antibacterial susceptibility tests were carried out by using the VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacterial identification system,and results of resistance of Acinetobacter baumanni were analysed by using the WHONET5.0 software.Results A total of 285 strains of Acinetobacter baumanni were isolated and mainly were isolated from the intensive care unit(ICU)(accounted for 47.0%),most of the infected patients were male,and patients aged 45 years and over ac-counted for 70.5%.The resistance rate of aztreonam against Acinetobacter baumanni(71.9%)was the highest and the lowest was levofloxacin(25.7%).The resistance rates of most of antibacterials tested in this study were approximately 50%,and resistance rates of piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem was approaching 40%.Conclusion Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are mainly i-solated from ICU and antibacterial resistance of isolates is serious.Hospitals should strengthen infection control and promote ra-tional use of antibacterials according to results of antibacterial-susceptibility test,so as to reduce antibacterial resistance.