ObjectiveTo investigate the developmental characteristics of gross motor skills and executive functions, and the correlation between them in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MethodsFrom November, 2020 to May, 2021, 90 children with ADHD were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital and Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School, and other 90 children with normal development from this primary school were recruited matched their age and gender. Gross motor skills were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development in Children, Third Edition (TGMD-3), and inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed with Stroop Color Words Test (SCWT), Rey-Osterrich Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) and Trail Making Test (TMT), respectively. ResultsThe TGMD-3 score was significantly lower in children with ADHD than in normal children (t = -6.275, P < 0.001), while the test results of SCWT, ROCFT and TMT were worse (|t| ≥ 1.986, P ≤ 0.05). The TGMD-3 score of children with ADHD was negatively correlated with the word sense reaction time (r = -0.261), the number of word sense errors (r = -0.404) and the number of color errors (r = -0.326) (P < 0.05), positively correlated with the delayed structural memory scores (r = 0.228) (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the TMT-A reaction time (r = -0.255), the number of TMT-A errors (r = -0.329), TMT-B reaction time (r = -0.214) and the number of TMT-B errors (r = -0.474) (P < 0.05). Stratified linear regression analyses showed that the TGMD-3 score of children with ADHD was significant only in predicting test results for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility (P < 0.05), with explanations of 8.7% and 22.5%, respectively. ConclusionDevelopments of both gross motor skills and executive function delay in children with ADHD, and there is a relation between them, especially the level of gross motor skills relating to the developments of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.

Objective:To explore the effect of acute exercise on the executive function in patients with atten-tion deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to provide a theoretical basis for the exercise intervention of ADHD.Methods:Experimental studies on the effect of acute exercise on executive function in patients with ADHD published up to 21 April 2023 were searched from PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang,and other data platforms.Results:A total of 15 studies were included,and 515 patients with ADHD were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that a single exercise could improve inhibitory control(SMD=0.36,95％CI=0.17-0.55,P＜0.05)and cognitive flexibility(SMD=0.40,95％CI=0.10-0.69,P＜0.05)in pa-tients with ADHD.The results of subgroup analysis showed that in terms of the age of the participants,a single ex-ercise could only improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD(SMD=0.36,0.43,Ps＜0.05),but not in adult patients with ADHD(SMD=0.34,0.14,Ps＞0.05).In terms of exer-cise regimen,only a single exercise with moderate and high intensity,≤ 20 minutes,and open motor skills could simultaneously improve inhibitory control(SMD=0.47,0.51,0.47,Ps＜0.05)and cognitive flexibility(SMD=0.86,0.65,0.86,Ps＜0.05)in patients with ADHD.Conclusion:Acute exercise could improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD,but has no significant effect on working memory and executive function in adult patients.

Objective To explore the impact of exercise intervention on the reading abilities of chil-dren with Chinese developmental dyslexia(CDD).Methods Twenty-seven CDD children were recruited from patients of Peking University Sixth Hospital,and randomly divided into a CDD exercise interven-tion group of 14 and a CDD control group of 13.Another 14 age-matched normal children were select-ed into a normal control group.All groups kept daily physical activities in school,while the CDD ex-ercise intervention group additionally underwent 8-week individualized gross and fine motor interven-tion.The literacy,reading fluency and reading comprehension of all groups were evaluated by using"Elementary School Students'Literacy Test and Evaluation Scale",one-minute word reading and ele-mentary school students'reading ability assessment.Results Before the intervention,there were no sig-nificant differences between the exercise intervention and control groups in the literacy level,reading fluency,and reading comprehension(P>0.05),which were all significantly lower than the normal con-trol group(P<0.05).However,after the intervention,significant improvement was observed in the aver-age literacy level,reading fluency,and reading comprehension of the CDD exercise intervention group,and the literacy and reading fluency of the CDD control group,as well as the average literacy level and reading comprehension of the normal control group.Moreover,there were no significant differ-ences between the CDD exercise intervention and control groups in the average literacy level and read-ing fluency score(P>0.05),both significantly lower than the normal control group(P<0.05).Mean-while,the reading comprehension score of the CDD exercise intervention group was significantly higher than the CDD control group(P<0.05),but significantly lower than the normal control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Eight-week targeted gross and fine motor intervention can effectively improve reading abili-ty of DD children,especially their reading comprehension.

The end of the COVID-19 infection peak in 2022 prompts a backlog of cardiovascular surgical patients to gradually return to the hospital, resulting in a surge in cardiovascular surgeries. However, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical practice of cardiovascular surgery faces many problems. Therefore, organized by Beijing Anzhen Hospital, experts in cardiovascular surgery and related fields have formulated hospital expert experience on perioperative treatment principles of cardiovascular surgery for patients infected with COVID-19. This article summarizes the clinical decision-making of patients requiring cardiovascular surgery after COVID-19 infection, and advises on the corresponding recommendations according to the existing evidence-based medical evidence as well as the actual clinical practice experience of relevant experts. The main content of the article includes special requirements for cardiovascular surgical treatment indications in patients with COVID-19 infection, selection of surgical timing, special requirements of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management, etc., which aims to provide COVID-19-infected patients with guidance on rational decision-making when receiving cardiovascular surgery.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of fine motor skills of school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different sexes. MethodsFrom April, 2021 to April, 2023, 66 ADHD children from grades one to four in Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School were screened by psychiatrists, and other 69 ADHD children were recruited from hospitals and patient groups of WeChat, accounting to 135 ADHD children. Meanwhile, a total of 135 typically developed (TD) children matched with sex and age (< 0.5 year) were recruited from the same primary school as controls. They were assessed with Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) four subtests of manual dexterit. ResultsAfter controlling age, the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor of MABC-2 were less in ADHD boys and girls than in the TD boys and girls (P < 0.05). The main effect of sex was significant on the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor for ADHD children (F > 5.133, P < 0.05), and they were less in the boy than in the girls (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe development of fine motor delays in school-aged ADHD children, especially for the boys.

Objective To observe the electromyography characteristics of children's handwriting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and explore its electrophysiological mechanism,so as to provide an objective basis for developing non-pharmacological treatment for such children.Methods Between September 2021 and April 2022,29 ADHD children were recruited from an ordinary public primary school and the psychiatric clinic of a class-3 grade-A hospital in Beijing.Among them,25 were boys and 4 were girls,with an average age of 8.21±1.78 years.Meanwhile,23 male and 5 fe-male healthy counterparts were selected with the age gap no more than 6 months.The Delsys wireless surface EMG system was used to collect the electromyographic signals of the abductor pollicis breve,the first dorsal interosseous muscle,the flexor radial carpi motor and the extensor finger muscles dur-ing their writing tasks such as tracing trajectories,writing Arabic numerals 0-9,26 small and capital English letters,Chinese characters one to ten and"Yong".The percentage of the averaged electromyog-raphy(AEMG)of a muscle in the sum value of all measured muscles,and the coefficient of differ-ence were selected to evaluate the muscle contribution rate and the consistency of exertion,respective-ly.Moreover,the independent sample t-test was employed to compare the two different groups with the significance set at α=0.05.Results There was a significant difference in the muscle contribution of abductor pollicis breve and first dorsal interosseous muscles when writing Arabic numerals and that of abductor pollicis breve muscles when writing Chinese characters between ADHD children(27.29%,25.58%and 27.53%)and their healthy counterparts(42.87%,19.96%and 37.13%)(P<0.05).Most muscle differentiation coefficients of ADHD children were higher than 100%,with that of the domi-nant hand radial wrist flexor muscle reaching 270%in the trajectory tracing task.Conclusion Accord-ing to the characteristics of EMG signals,school-age ADHD children show an immature writing pat-tern,including poor stability of writing-related muscles,insufficient control of small finger muscle groups,poor control of hand coordination,and insufficient muscle inhibition of non-dominant hand.It is recommended to conduct the electromyoelectric assessment of handwriting movements in ADHD chil-dren,so as to carry out targeted intervention at an early stage.

Objective:To construct and validate a predictive model of fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.Methods:Data was obtained from the Seventh Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018.In the questionnaire, "Are you able to control your bowel and urine" , was regarded as the main effect indicator.Receiver operating curves(ROC)were used to find the best cut-off values of calf circumference for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence, and univariate Logistic model method was used to explore the potential factors associated with fecal/urinary incontinence among community-living older adults in China.A random sampling method was used to extract 70% of the survey data as the training set, and the remaining 30% of the survey data as the test set.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted in the training set to build a prediction model that encompassed all predictors, and a nomogram was plotted.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that age, small calf circumference(male <28.5 cm, female <26.5 cm), inability to walk 1 km continuously, inability to lift 5 kg items, inability to do three consecutive squats, limited daily activities, and a history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders, and cerebrovascular disorders were all risk factors for fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults in China.Female, better socioeconomic status, and normal body mass index were protective factors for fecal/urinary incontinence.The Logistic regression model for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence among Chinese older adults was constructed using the above twelve factors.The consistency index(C-index)value of the model was 0.907, indicating that the model had good predictive ability.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the overall sample, training set and test set were 0.906(95% CI: 0.896-0.917), 0.907(95 % CI: 0.894-0.921)and 0.910(95% CI: 0.892-0.928), respectively, indicating that the model had high prediction ability and good discrimination. Conclusions:Age, sex, calf circumference, ability to walk 1 km continuously, ability to lift 5 kg items, ability to do three consecutive squats, daily activities, history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders and cerebrovascular disorders, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were independent predictors for fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.The nomogram based on the above indicators has a good predictive effect on fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults.

Objective:To explore the aerobic exercise tolerance and ventilatory efficiency during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) of persons with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:Forty-eight persons with NSCLC and T2DM formed an NSCLC-T2DM group while another 48 persons with NSCLC but not T2DM formed an NSCLC-non T2DM group. Another 24 healthy counterparts were enrolled into the control group. All completed CPET before pneumonectomies were performed on those with NSCLC. Indexes of static pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, heart rate recovery, ventilation efficiency and gas exchange were computed.Results:Compared with the control group, both NSCLC groups had, on average, lower peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak), lower anaerobic thresholds (ATs) and lower peak O 2 pulse rates. They also had higher average VE/VCO 2 slopes and VE/VCO 2 nadirs. Compared with the NSCLC-non T2DM group, those with T2DM had a significantly lower average VO 2peak and WRpeak, as well as significantly higher average VE/VCO 2 slope and VE/VCO 2 nadir. Compared with the control group, the average VO 2 and VCO 2 of both NSCLC groups was lower at the AT and during peak exercise, with the NSCLC-T2DM group′s averages significantly lower than those of the NSCLC-non T2DM group during peak exercise. During warm-up and at the AT, the NSCLC groups had a significantly higher average heart rate than the control group. Then, compared with the control group and the NSCLC-non T2DM group, the average heart rate in the NSCLC-T2DM group decreased significantly more slowly during the first three minutes of the recovery period. Compared with the control group, the VE/VCO 2 values of the NSCLC groups were significantly higher at the AT and during peak exercise. During the warm-up and at the AT, the average partial pressures of end-tidal carbon dioxide in the NSCLC groups were significantly lower than among control group, and during peak exercise the NSCLC-T2DM group′s average value was significantly lower than the control group′s. Compared with the control group and the NSCLC-non T2DM group, the NSCLC-T2DM group′s average forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate and maximum voluntary ventilation were all significantly lower. Conclusions:Diabetes impairs the exercise tolerance and ventilation efficiency of persons with NSCLC. Without diabetes their exercise tolerance and ventilation efficiency would be impaired only slightly. CPET can provide a basis for risk assessment before pneumonectomy.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in China and analyze the causes, to guide the formulation and implementation of technology standard.Methods:The survey task force sent out a nationwide survey to obtain up-to-date information on perfusion practice by ChSECC(Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Circulation). The unit of analysis for the survey was the medical center performs CPB. The survey consisted 48 questions covering four topics of qualifications, including certification and education, policies and practices, device and equipment, techniques used.Results:There were 540 of the 714 centers for an overall response rate of 76%. According to the annual number of CPB, they were divided into 4 groups: group A(≤50 cases/year), group B(50-100 cases/year), group C(100-500 cases/year) and group D(≥500 cases/year). The response rate of center with more than group D last year was 100%. Most of the perfusionists had certification issued by ChSECC. Although there were more than 80% of group D performed regular training and assessment of perfusionist, the result was still not ideal enough. Low utilization of safety equipment was not depend on the annual operation volume in most of responding centers. Ultrafiltration and blood protection technology had high application rate in group D compared with group A and B.Conclusion:The certification rate of perfusionists are high. Lower the number of annual CPB cases, lower the proportion of regular evaluation and training, and lower rate of standards performance. No matter the amount of CPB, the application rate of safety equipment is not ideal. Higher the number of CPB cases, higher the utilization rate of CPB related technologies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) based on clinical manifestations and myositis- specific antibodies using cluster analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with IIM admitted in Nanfang Hospital in 2015-2019. The clinical data of the patients including serum creatine kinase (CK), interstitial lung disease (ILD), cancer, and myositis-specific antibodies were collected for two-step cluster analysis to identify the distinct clusters of patients, whose clinical characteristics were subsequently analysed. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients with IIM were included in this study, including 30 (42.3%) with polymyositis (PM), 20 (28.2%) with classic dermatomyositis (DM), 16 (22.5%) with amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), and 5 (7.0%) with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Two-step cluster analysis identified 3 distinctive subgroups: Cluster 1 of 15 (51.7%) patients characterized by rash, positive anti-MDA5 antibody and hypoproteinemia ( < 0.05) with normal or slightly elevated CK level, mainly corresponding to CADM; Cluster 2 of 4 (57.1%) patients with significantly elevated CK and positive anti-SRP antibody ( < 0.001) corresponding to IMNM; and Cluster 3 of 17 (48.6%) patients consisting primarily of patients with PM, characterized by positivity for anti- aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases antibodies (=0.022) corresponding to antisynthetase syndrome (ASS). CONCLUSIONS Patients with IIM can be divided into 3 subgroups based on their clinical and serological characteristics (especially myositis-specific antibodies), and among them ASS may represent an independent IIM subgroup with unique clinical characteristics.
Antibodies ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myositis ; classification ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies