Under the dual pressure of emerging zoonoses and the difficulty in eliminating conventional zoonoses, many uncertainties in global control of infectious diseases are challenging the achievement of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. One Health, developed on the basis of understanding the relationship between human diseases and animal diseases, is conducive to the prevention and control of zoonoses. The connotation of “One Health” is mainly explained by three aspects, namely the systems thinking mode of “unity of environment and man”, the practice guidance of “multi-sectoral concert” and the economic evaluation strategy of “cost-effectiveness analysis”. One Health approach has been successfully applied in the control of major infectious diseases in China, such as schistosomiasis, leading to remarkable achievements; however, there are still multiple challenges. This review proposes that much attention should be paid to top-level design, the difference between emerging zoonoses and conventional zoonoses, and the dynamic process of One Health governance during the development and application of One Health.

Purpose::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and death in modern times, whose evaluation and prognosis prediction have been one of the most critical issues in TBI management. However, the existed models for the abovementioned purposes were defective to varying degrees. This study aims to establish an ideal brain injury state clinical prediction model (BISCPM).Methods::This study was a retrospective design. The six-month outcomes of patients were selected as the end point event. BISCPM was established by using the split-sample technology, and externally validated via different tests of comparison between the observed and predicted six-month mortality in validating group. TBI patients admitted from July 2006 to June 2012 were recruited and randomly divided into establishing model group and validating model group. Twenty-one scoring indicators were included in BISCPM and divided into three parts, A, B, and C. Part A included movement, pupillary reflex and diameter, CT parameters, and secondary brain insult factors, etc. Part B was age and part C was medical history of the patients. The total score of part A, B and C was final score of BISCPM.Results::Altogether 1156 TBI patients were included with 578 cases in each group. The score of BISCPM from validating group ranged from 2.75 to 31.94, averaging 13.64 ± 5.59. There was not statistical difference between observed and predicted mortality for validating group. The discrimination validation showed that the BISCPM is superior to international mission for prognosis and analysis of clinical trials (IMPACT) lab model.Conclusion::BISCPM is an effective model for state evaluation and prognosis prediction of TBI patients. The use of BISCPM could be of great significance for decision-making in management of TBI.

Objective To understand the situation of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild animals in transmission-controlled schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for implementing precision control interventions and achieving the goal of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods Five endemic villages from Ruichang City and Pengze County that were heavily endemic for schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province, were selected as the study villages. Wild animals like wild mice were captured, and the livers of wild animals were purchased from the snail habitats in the study villages for detection of S. japonicum infections. In the study villages, S. japonicum human infections were screened using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) followed by parasitological examinations with miracidial hatching test and Kato-Katz method, and the S. japonicum infection in livestock was tested using a miracidial hatching test with a plastic tube. In addition, snail survey was conducted in the study villages by means of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling, and the S. japonicum infection in snails was detected using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results A total of 240 liver specimens were sampled or purchased from 5 species of wild animals in the study villages, including wild mice, weasels, pigs, deer and rabbits. A total of 172 wild mice were captured, with a 2.91% rate of S. japonicum infection, and there was no S. japonicum infection detected in other wild animals. The prevalence of Capillaria hepatica infection was 12.21%, 1.96% and 12.50% in wild mice, deer and pigs, respectively. In addition, there was no S. japonicum infection found in either humans or livestock in the study villages, and the mean snail density varied from 0.13 to 0.80 snails/0.1 m² in the study villages. LAMP assay detected S. japonicum infection in 2 tubes in a study village. Conclusions The role of wild animals in schistosomiasis transmission and their potential risks can not be neglected in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Jiangsu Province after transmission control. Intensified surveillance and targeted control measures should be implemented to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of asiatic acid in the root of Actinidia valvata . Methods HPLC-VWD was used in the analysis .The column was Agilent HC-C18 (4 .6 mm × 250 mm ,5μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile :(30 mmol/L) acetic acid amine solution (35:65);the flow rate was 1 .0 ml/min;the temperature of column was 25 ℃ ;the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm ;the injection volume was 25 μl;the running time was 35 min .Results
Asiatic acid was separated with interference in baseline .The linear range was 25 .30-506 .0 μg/ml with linear correlation of 0 .999 6 for asiatic acid .The result of intra-day and inter-day precisions were both within 5% (n=3) ,and the average recovery was 99.4% with RSD 1 .9% (n=6) .Conclusion The method was simple ,rapid ,accurate and convenient for quality control of asiatic acid in the root of Actinidia valvata .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the operative reduction techniques and clinical results of surgical treatment of type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture by posteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation.

METHODSFrom August 2004 to January 2012, 13 patients with type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture were treated by posteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation. Of them, 8 cases were male and 5 cases were female with an average age of 42 years years old (ranged, 18 to 64). Pelvis 3-dimentional CT reconstruction were used to confirmed the classification of fracture, and the operation were performed during from 5 to 20 days with an average of 9.5 days. Operation time, blood loss, complications and reduction were recorded and evaluated. The function of hip joint were accessed at the final follow-up.

RESULTSThe operation time ranged from 190 to 290 min with an average of 240 min. The mean blood loss was 1 800 ml (ranged, 1 300 to 3 000 ml). One case had superficial infection and healed after 3 weeks. According to Matta reduction criteria, 8 cases obtained anatomical reduction, 4 cases got satisfied results and 1 cases got unsatisfied results. Eleven cases were followed up with an average of (24.0 +/- 8.0) months, and 2 cases were lost to follow-up. According to revised Mede d'Aubingne and Postel evaluation system, 7 cases got excellent results, 2 good, 1 moderate and 1 poor.

CONCLUSIONPosteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture can achieve satisfied surgical proces and operation quality.

Acetabulum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Moxibustion (STRICTOM), in the form of a checklist and descriptions of checklist items, were designed to improve reporting of moxibustion trials, and thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. The STRICTOM checklist included 7 items and 16 sub-items. These set out reporting guidelines for the moxibustion rationale, details of moxibustion, treatment regimen, other components of treatment, treatment provider background, control and comparator interventions, and precaution measures. In addition, there were descriptions of each item and examples of good reporting. It is intended that the STRICTOM can be used in conjunction with the main CONSORT Statement, extensions for nonpharmacologic treatment and pragmatic trials, and thereby raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of moxibustion. Further comments will be solicited from the experts of the CONSORT Group, the STRICTA Group, acupuncture and moxibustion societies, and clinical trial authors for optimizing the STRICTOM.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; methods ; standards ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design ; standards

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrocortisone (HC) on proliferation and killing activity of NK cells against pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells in vitro.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy people were isolated and cultured with NK cells medium containing IL-1S.When the purity of NK cells reached above 70％,different concentrations of HC (10-6,10-5,10-4,10-3 μmol/L) were added and co-cultured with NK cells for 7 days.And NK cells without HC were used as control.CD3-CD56 + NK cell numbers of each group were countered by trypan blue staining.Perforin,granzyme B and IFN-γ expression of CD3-CD56+ + NK cells were verified by flow cytometry.NK cells and SW1990 cells were co-cultured with a 20∶1effector to target ratio,then the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against SW1990 cells were analyzed by CCK-8 kit.Results After treatment with different concentration of HC for 7 days,NK cells purity of each group reached 70.72％ ～ 76.39％,and it was not significantly different with that in control group [(72.61 ± 3.76) ％].The proliferation folds of NK cells treated with 10-6,10-5,10-4,10-3 μmol/L HC were (9.13 ± 0.94),(9.67 ±1.51),(10.33±1.07),(8.40±1.47) times,respectively,while it was (4.23 ±0.82) times in control group (all P ＜0.01).The killing effects of NK cells on SW1990 cells were (58.58 ± 4.89) ％,(62.27 ± 5.63) ％,(64.02 ± 5.79) ％,(63.88 ± 3.61) ％,which were higher than that in control group [(57.46 ± 5.11) ％],moreover,the difference between NK cells of 10-4 μmol/L HC treatment group and control group was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of perforins of 10-4,10-3 μmol/L HC treatment group were (96.71 ± 3.04) ％,(97.56 ± 2.18) ％,which were significantly higher than that in control group [(92.40 ±3.53)％,P ＜0.05 or 0.01].The expression of granzyme B in 10-5 μmol/L HC treatment group was (78.23 ±2.94)％,which were significantly higher than that in control group [(73.68 ±3.52) ％,P ＜0.05].The expressions of IFN-γ in 10-5,10-4,10-3 μmol/L HC treatment group were (96.61 ±2.04)％,(97.58 ± 2.17)％,(98.00 ± 1.77)％,which were significantly higher than that in control group [(92.44 ± 2.74)％,P＜0.01].Conclusions HC can promote IL-15 activated NK cells proliferation and enhance NK cells mediated killing activity against SW1990 cells with proper concentration,and up-regulation of perforin,granzyme B and IFN-γ expression may be the main mechanisms.

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, a variety of minimally invasive lumbar surgery techniques have achieved desirable efficacy, but some dispute remains regarding the advantages over open surgery. This study aimed to compare minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion via MAST Quadrant retractor with open surgery in terms of perioperative factors, postoperative back muscle function, and 24-month postoperative follow-up results.

METHODSFrom September 2006 to June 2008, patients with single-level degenerative lumbar spine disease who were not responsive to conservative treatment were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized to undergo either minimally invasive surgery (MIS, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion via MAST Quadrant retractor, 41 cases) or open surgery (improved transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, 38 cases).

RESULTSThe MIS group had longer intraoperative fluoroscopy time than the open surgery group, and the open surgery group had significantly increased postoperative drainage volume and significantly prolonged postoperative recovery time compared with the MIS group (P < 0.05 for all). MRI scanning showed that the T2 relaxation time in the multifidus muscle was significantly shorter in the MIS group than in the open surgery group at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.01). Surface electromyography of the sacrospinalis muscle showed that the average discharge amplitude and frequency were significantly higher in the MIS group than in the open surgery group (P < 0.01). The Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale scores were better at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively than preoperatively in both groups. Both groups of patients met the imaging convergence criteria at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSMIS can effectively reduce sacrospinalis muscle injury compared with open surgery, which is conducive to early functional recovery. In the short term, MIS is superior to open surgery, but in the long term there is no significant difference between the two procedures.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Diseases ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) on patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-four patients with extensive stage SCLC treated in our department between January 2003 and December 2006 were enrolled in this study. Eighty nine patients received chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy (ChT/TRT), and 65 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone (ChT without TRT). The chemotherapy was CE (carboplatin and etoposide), PE (cisplatin and etoposide) or CAO (CTX, ADM and VCR) regimens. The total dose of thoracic irradiation was 40-60 Gy with 1.8 - 2.0 Gy per fraction.

RESULTSFor the whole group, the median survival time (MST) was 13.7 months, the 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 27.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The MST, overall survival rates at 2 years and 5 years in the ChT/TRT group and ChT without TRT group were 17.2 months, 36.0%, 10.1% and 9.3 months, 16.9%, 4.6%, respectively (P = 0.001). The median progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 8.0 months, the 2-year and 5-year PFS were 13.6% and 8.2%, respectively. The median PFS, 2-year and 5-year PFS in the ChT/TRT group and ChT without TRT group were 10.0 months, 17.4%, 10.5% and 6.2 months, 9.8%, 4.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). The incidence of intra-thoracic local failure was 29.6% in the ChT/TRT group and 70.0% in the ChT/without TRT group (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSChemotherapy plus thoracic radiation therapy can improve the overall survival, progress free survival and reduce local regional failure rate in patients with extensive stage SCLC compared with that by chemotherapy alone.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carboplatin ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Survival Rate