In recent years， with frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases around the world， the global public health is faced with many threats and challenges. An infectious diseases early warning system is an important means for prevention and control of infectious diseases. As an important part of the early warning system， the warning indicators is crucial for understanding the occurrence and development trend of infectious diseases， detecting abnormal situations timely and effectively， and issuing early warning and initiating emergency response. Based on the occurrence and development process of infectious diseases， this paper summarizes the research status of early warning indicators on infectious diseases， in order to provide reference for the development and improvement of the infectious diseases early warning system.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of single pass scanning using muti-slice spiral CT for polytrauma patients.Methods:Totally 60 polytrauma patients treated from January to November in 2023 were randomly enrolled in this study. They were categorized into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the experimental group underwent single pass scaning for the head, neck, chest, and abdomen, whereas those in the control group receiving separate scanning for various parts. Then, the noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise (CNR) of the CT images of both groups were recorded. Furthermore, the objective and subjective evaluation, volume CT dose index (CTDI vol), effective dose ( E), scanning time, and scan ranges of the images were compared between both groups. Results:Compared to the control group, the test group exhibited lower SNR of the head ( t = -5.47, P < 0.05) and higher SNR and CNR of the chest scans ( t = -5.95, -6.15, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the test group demonstrated decreased ED, CTDIvol, scanning time, and scan range, which dropped from 18.53 mSv to 13.81 mSv ( t = 3.29, P < 0.001), from 15.77 mGy to 10.59 mGy ( t = 4.48, P< 0.001), from 31.68 s to 10.97 s ( t = 6.95, P < 0.001), and from 64.92 cm to 45.21 cm ( t = 9.05, P < 0.001), respectively compared to the control group. Conclusions:Single pass CT scanning can reduce E, scanning time, and scan range in the treatment of polytrauma patients while ensuring the high quality of CT images, thus warranting wide clinical applications.

Owing to the increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide, effective and safe treatments for IBD are urgently needed. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter and plays an important role in inflammation. To date, H₂S-releasing agents are viewed as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. The slow-releasing H₂S donor 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (ADT-OH), known as a potent therapeutic with chemopreventive and cytoprotective properties, has received attention recently. Here, we reported its anti-inflammatory effects on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute (7 days) and chronic (30 days) colitis. We found that ADT-OH effectively reduced the DSS-colitis clinical score and reversed the inflammation-induced shortening of colon length. Moreover, ADT-OH reduced intestinal inflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. In vivo and in vitro results showed that ADT-OH decreased intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin and blocking increases in myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation and epithelial myosin light chain kinase protein expression levels. In addition, ADT-OH restored intestinal microbiota dysbiosis characterized by the significantly increased abundance of Muribaculaceae and Alistipes and markedly decreased abundance of Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, Parasutterella, and Desulfovibrio. Transplanting ADT-OH-modulated microbiota can alleviate DSS-induced colitis and negatively regulate the expression of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, ADT-OH is safe without any short-term (5 days) or long-term (30 days) toxicological adverse effects and can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for IBD treatment.
Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Colitis/metabolism* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Inflammation ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Disease Models, Animal

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Objective:To investigate the long-term efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) as the first-line consolidation therapy for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab era.Methods:From January 2010 to June 2017, 113 DLBCL patients admitted to Henan Cancer Hospital who had complete remission (CR) after rituximab combined with chemotherapy were enrolled. Among 113 patients, 40 cases received auto-HSCT as the first-line consolidation treatment after chemotherapy (transplantation group) and 73 cases received chemotherapy only (non-transplantation group). The clinical data of 113 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and OS and PFS were compared between both groups.Results:The 2-, 3- and 5-year OS rates of transplantation group and non-transplantation group were 90.0% vs. 91.8%, 84.9% vs. 80.1%, 80.9% vs. 72.8%, respectively, and the difference in OS was statistically significant of both groups ( P = 0.457); the 2-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 85.0% vs. 85.0%, 82.2% vs. 61.8%, 82.2% vs. 60.0%, respectively, and the difference in PFS was statistically significant of both groups ( P = 0.046). None of the patients in the transplantation group experienced early transplantation-related death. Conclusions:In the era of rituximab treatment, the first-line auto-HSCT consolidation therapy could improve the PFS of high-risk DLBCL patients who are sensitive to chemotherapy, and it may improve the OS with a good safety.

Objective:To study the relationship between white matter injury (WMI) and brain maturity in preterm infants at full-term corrected gestational age (cGA).Methods:A retrospective study was performed in preterm infants [GA≤32 weeks or birth weight (BW) ≤1 500 g] admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2017 to August 2018 and the Northwest Women and Children's Hospital from January 2017 to June 2017. The infants received conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at cGA 37~42 weeks. The infants were assigned into the WMI group and the control group according to the WMI scoring system, including the total maturation scores (TMS) and four sub-item scores.Results:A total of 118 premature infants were enrolled in this study (17 cases in the WMI group and 101 cases in the control group). The GA was (30.3±1.7) weeks, and BW was (1 356±268) g. The proportion of delayed TMS in the WMI group was significantly higher than the control group [58.8%(10/17) vs. 31.7%(32/101), P<0.05]. The TMS of the WMI group were significantly lower than the control group [(10.7±1.8) vs. (11.8±1.5), P<0.05]. The sub-item scores of TMS showed that the myelination [(2.8±0.6) vs. (3.1±0.4), P<0.05] and glial cell migration bands of the WMI group [(1.6±0.4) vs. (2.1±0.6), P=0.004] were significantly lower than the control group and no significant differences existed in cortical folding and involution of germinal matrix tissue scores between the two groups. Conclusions:The brain maturity of preterm infants with WMI is substantially delayed than those without WMI, including delayed myelination and delayed disappearance of glial cell migration bands.

Objective:To investigate the MRI and pathological features of intramuscular fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 44 patients with intramuscular FAVA confirmed by pathology from December 2012 to March 2021 in Henan Province People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-five females and 19 males were included, with the age of (15±6), from 5 to 29 years old. The clinical and MRI features including the type, location, boundary, signal intensity, enhancement mode and degree, and the vascular flow voids in the lesion were summarized and compared with pathological results.Results:The thigh and calf muscles were involved in 1 patient simultaneously, and 1 site was involved in 43 patients, including 20 calf muscles, 15 thigh muscles, 5 forearm muscles, 1 upper arm muscle, 1 gluteal muscle, and 1 shoulder muscle. The gastrocnemius muscle of lower leg was most commonly involved (13/44), followed by soleus muscle (10/44) and quadriceps femoris muscle (9/44). All the lesions were solid on MRI, including 24 cases of focal mass type, 15 cases of diffuse infiltration type and 5 cases of local infiltration type. The long axis of all the lesions were consistent with the long axis of the muscles. All lesions showed inhomogeneously moderate hyperintensity on T 1WI and T 2WI, and significantly hyperintensity on fat suppression T 2WI. All lesions showed tortuous and dilated abnormal vessels, of which 18 cases showed vascular flow voids. Thrombosis was found in 10 cases. On contrast-enhanced imaging, the lesions showed moderate to obvious inhomogeneous enhancement. Pathologically, the diseased skeletal muscle was infiltrated by fibrous tissue, fat components, irregular abnormal veins and vessels, which led to inhomogeneous MRI signals. Among the 7 patients who underwent human PIK3CA gene mutation detection, and 6 were mutant. Conclusions:Intramuscular FAVA has certain characteristics in clinic, MRI imaging and histopathology, and its MRI signal characteristics can reflect its complex pathological components.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Shanghai City before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of scarlet fever.Methods:The information of scarlet fever reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2016 to June 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control was collected, and the differences in time trend, regional distribution, age and gender distribution of cases before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai City were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method.Results:The incidence rate of scarlet fever reported in 2016-2019 was (0.22-4.02)/100 000 in each month, with a median of 1.13/100 000. During January 2020 (the outbreak began in Shanghai City) and June 2021, the incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.01-1.64)/100 000, with a median of 0.14/100 000, which was 12.39% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. During February and June 2020, the monthly reported incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.18-0.58)/100 000, showing an upward trend compared with the same period in 2020 ((0.01-0.05)/100 000). From 2016 to 2019, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.55-65.48)/100 000, with a median of 9.57/100 000; while in 2020, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.29-9.85)/100 000, with a median of 2.18/100 000, which was 22.78% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. The incidence of scarlet fever dropped significantly. The incidence rate in Minhang District was still the highest. The cases were mainly four to eight years old, and there was no substantial difference of the proportions before and after COVID-19 pandemic, with the incidence rate of six years old group the highest. The proportion of male was more than female in reported case, while the male ratio in reported cases was not significantly different before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions:The incidence rate of scarlet fever in Shanghai City has dropped sharply after COVID-19 pandemic. The main epidemiological characteristics of the regional and population distribution of cases remain unchanged.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of upfront autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(auto-HSCT)as a consolidation therapy of progressive nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, (ENKL).Methods:From January 2012 to June 2021, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 28 patients with advanced-stage ENKL on chemotherapy of asparaginase-containing regimen followed by upfront auto-HSCT as a consolidation therapy.The median age at transplantation was 34.5(14-61)years.There were 19 males and 9 females.Clinical types were nasal(n=22)and non-nasal(n=6). Clinical stages were Ann Arbor III(n=15)and IV(n=13). Clinical risks were intermediate(n=8)and high(n=20)according to the Prognostic Index for Natural-Killer cell lymphoma-Epstein-Barr virus(PINK-E).Results:Hematopoietic reconstruction was performed.Median time of neutrophil engraftment was 10(8-17)days and 13(10-22)days for platelet.Median follow-up time was 59.5 months and 5-year OS/PFS 70.0%(95% CI: 50.60%-89.40%)and 59.1%(95% CI: 39.11%-79.10%). And 5-year cumulative recurrence and non-recurrence mortality rates were 35.42%(95% CI: 19.11%-59.39%)and 4.2%(95% CI: 2.16%-29.87%). Conclusions:Asparaginase-based chemotherapy followed by auto-HSCT is both safe and efficacious for progressive ENKTL.

Objective : To investigate the clinical effect of polidocanol sclerotherapy in the treatment of giant venular malformations of the lips and cheeks in adults. Methods: From September 2019 to September 2020, 5 patients with huge venular malformations of the lips and cheeks (4 males, 1 female) admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital were included in the study. All the patients were treated with local injection of polidocanol foam scleroagent, and all patients were followed up with a 3-week treatment course. If the clinical symptoms were not alleviated and the MRI examination showed that > 25% of the lesion remained, or it relapsed again after symptoms are stable, the patient needed to be treated again. The endpoints of treatment were: ①subsidence of clinical symptoms and MRI showing residual lesions < 25% in size; ②continuous treatment for 4 times without relief or aggravation of symptoms; ③a discontinuation of treatment. Results: All 5 patients successfully completed the treatment and were injected 2 to 4 times during treatment. The curative effect was evaluated according to the Achauer standard, including grade Ⅰcurative effects in 1 patient, grade Ⅱ in 2 patients, grade Ⅲ in 2 patients. Among them, one patient suffered from erosion and bleeding in the lesion before the operation, and the symptoms were significantly improved postoperatively. No serious side effects were found except skin pigmentation in 1 case. Conclusion Local injection of polidocanol foam scleroagent is a safe and effective treatment method for adult giant venular malformations of the lips and cheeks, and it has a hemostatic effect on spontaneous bleeding invenular malformations.