Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Abstract Growth and development constitute a vital component of children and adolescents health, and more importantly, serve as a barometer reflecting the level of social development. School health initiatives should be grounded in an understanding of these growth and development principles, with the ultimate goal of promoting the full realization of growth potential and health equity. The article reviews landmark events in the study of children and adolescents growth over the past two centuries, examines recent advances in our understanding of growth patterns and mathematical model, and analyzes the bidirectional relationship between growth and health aross life course. It calls upon Chinese school health professionals and researchers to further deepen their investigation into the growth and development general priciples specific to children and adolescents, thereby enabling the provision of comprehensive and precise health services tailored to their needs.

Abstract Unhealthy eating behaviors are important predictors of physical and mental sub health of adolescents in remote areas. Intervention of eating behavior is great public health significance for promoting physical and mental health of adolescents in remote areas. By expounding the necessity of unhealthy eating behavior status,health risks and intervention for multi ethnic adolescents, the paper puts forward targeted eating behavior intervention strategies, including carrying out health education with ethnic characteristics, strengthening intervention and monitoring of lifestyle behaviors, and building a healthy living environment, etc, in order to provide scientific basis for carrying out behavior intervention by educational departments.

Abstract Chinese children and adolescents are experiencing dramatic changes in their lifestyle and the environment. Given the growing burden of myopia, obesity, and mental health problems among school age children, school health services are presented with new challenges. It is essential to promote and implement the underlying principle of "health first" for society as a whole, while aiming to improve the collective health literacy of schools, optimizing school health management systems, and adopting a comprehensive healthy school program in order to support every school to become a foundation for healthy living.

Abstract The physical and mental health issues of children and adolescents in China are becoming increasingly prominent. Integrating physical education deeply into the educational system and maximizing its role in fostering personal development, preventing common illnesses among students, and promoting mental health has emerged as the intersection of school health and sports. The article systematically arranges the development history and patterns of physical education in Chinese schools, summarizes the existing difficulties in the integration of physical education and educational system, and presents improvement suggestions to provide a basis for enhancing the integration system and promote the comprehensive development of children and adolescents.

Abstract The construction of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) specialty cohorts in China is still in its infancy, and the cost effectiveness is insufficient when relying on diagnostic and treatment processes of child health care to collect ample and high quality data. After 2000, the United States Simons Foundation s ASD Research Initiative, the Early ASD Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), and the British ASD Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS), which have been built based on Internet recruitment, have provided new insight for the construction of large sample ASD specialty cohorts in China. Future research can further explore and optimize the methods of Internet recruitment, and establish a more comprehensive and accurate ASD specialty cohorts.

Abstract The issue of multimorbidity in children and adolescents is becoming increasingly prominent, but there is no consensus on the definition of multimorbidity. As research deepens, issues related to the comparability and standardization of relevant findings are gradually emerging. As a solution, a systematic review of both domestic and international research on multimorbidity is conducted, and a classification system for defining the concept of multimorbidity is proposed, offering more convenient conditions for the advancement of future research and cross study exchange.

Cardiometabolic disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults. In recent years, the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has increased year by year, becoming a major problem in the global disease burden. The occurrence and development of cardiometabolic risk are affected by many factors. Shift work as an occupational hazard has been widely concerned. Nurses are a typical population for shift work, but few studies have looked at the association between their shift work and cardiometabolic risk. This article reviewed the current situation of cardiometabolic risk and the research progress on the association between shift work and cardiometabolic risk among nurses. The results showed that cardiometabolic risk is prevalent in the nurse population. Shift work is associated with cardiometabolic risks such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and is mediated by circadian rhythm disorder, hormone secretion disorder, and stress response. However, the causal relationship between shift work and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear, and further prospective cohort studies should be conducted to improve the understanding of the impact of shift work on cardiometabolic risk in order to improve the cardiometabolic health status of nurses.

Objective: To analyze the association and dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers in college students, so as to provide a reference for promoting cardiometabolic health in college students. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 747 college students from two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province from April to May 2019. Physical activity was assessed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and peripheral blood was collected to detect plasma inflammatory factor levels [including hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. The differences between the groups were compared by using the χ 2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed by using the Generalized Linear Model. The dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed using the Restricted Cubic Spline Model. Results: The proportions of low physical activity, moderate physical activity, and high physical activity groups of college students were 15.9%, 53.7% and 30.4%, respectively. The levels of hsCRP, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the high physical activity group were 0.38(0.21, 1.10)mg/L, 70.74(47.90, 116.43)pg/mL, 1.75(1.21, 2.64)pg/mL, 4.33(2.93, 6.82) pg/mL , 5.27(3.89, 7.30)pg/mL,the levels in the low physical activity group were 0.80(0.31, 1.30)mg/L, 73.88 (47.90, 124.24)pg/mL, 1.88(1.42, 2.81) pg/mL, 4.82 (3.64, 6.67) pg/mL, 5.63 (4.34, 7.62)pg/mL, the levels in the moderate physical activity group were 0.63(0.25, 1.30)mg/L, 89.78(58.21, 127.65)pg/mL, 2.21(1.59, 3.27)pg/mL, 5.15( 3.72 , 7.72)pg/mL, 5.87( 4.63 , 8.00)g/mL, and the differences were statistically significant ( H=10.66, 11.38, 27.79, 14.13, 9.44, P <0.05). After adjusting for variables such as gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and health status, the results of Generalized Linear Model showed that compared with the high physical activity group, the low physical activity group ( OR=2.20, 95%CI = 1.46- 3.31) and the moderate physical activity group ( OR=1.65, 95%CI =1.22-2.25) were more likely to have high levels of hsCRP, and the moderate physical activity group was more likely to have high levels of IL-1β ( OR=1.85, 95%CI =1.36-2.51), IL-6 ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.06-1.96), and TNF-α ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.05-1.94) ( P <0.05). The Restricted Cubic Spline Model showed that there was no linear dose response relationship between the time of moderate to vigorous physical activity weekly and IL-10, IL-6, II-1β, and TNF-α ( P <0.05). Conclusion There is an association between physical activity and inflammation in college students, and moderate to high intensity per week could reduce inflammation levels to promote cardiometabolic health in college students.

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is gradually increasing and has become a significant public health issue. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a ubiquitous class of exogenous chemical substances that can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and activity, and subsequently affect endocrine homeostasis. Humans are extensively and continuously exposed to various EDCs originating from food packaging, plastic products, textiles, electronic goods, as well as cleaning agents and cosmetics in daily life, leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. Previous studies indicated a close association between EDCs exposure and the occurrence of GDM. This review summarized the correlation between daily life exposure to EDCs and GDM, along with their potential biological mechanisms, including bisphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, parabens, and triclosan, aiming to provide scientific evidence for supporting the effective implementation of public health intervention measures to alleviate and prevent GDM.