Subcutaneous emphysema is the local tissue swelling caused by the gas entering the subcutaneous tissue through the tissue gap. Although subcutaneous emphysema is usually a nonfatal and self-limited disease, in severe cases, the gas may spread to the neck, mediastinum and chest, resulting in mediastinal emphysema and other serious complications. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema related to dental therapy,and operations that may cause subcutaneous emphysema in stomatology department,as well as the treatment and prognosis of subcutaneous emphysema, with a view to providing some references for dentists.
Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Mediastinal Emphysema/pathology* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema/therapy* ; Neck/pathology* ; Face

A 3-year-old boy presented with bluish patch and scattered blue spots on the left side of his face. After several sessions of laser treatment, the azury patch in the periorbital area became even darker. Histopathology showed many bipolar, pigment-laden dendritic cells scattered in the papillary and upper reticular dermis. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for S100, SOX-10, melan-A, P16, and HMB-45. The positive rate of Ki-67 was less than 5%. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed with nevus of Ota concurrent with common blue nevus. Therefore, for cases of the nevus of Ota with poor response to laser treatment, the possible coexisting diseases should be suspected.
Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Nevus, Blue/pathology* ; Nevus of Ota/therapy* ; Skin/pathology* ; Face ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology*

Based on the three books of - (1931), - (1940) and - (1955) written by Mr. -, the classification of facial diseases as well as the records and evolution process of Chinese and western disease names are summarized and analyzed to discuss Mr. -'s understanding of facial diseases in different periods. Through the systematic analysis and comparison in the trilogy of acupuncture and moxibustion, the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and diagnosis-treatment of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for facial diseases by Mr. - are summarized, including clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is adjusted with syndrome changes; simplified selection of acupoints, with attention on empirical acupoints; the strength of acupuncture is based on efficacy; acupuncture and moxibustion has specific indication; combination of acupuncture and medication could bring out the best in each other.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Books ; Face ; pathology ; Humans ; Moxibustion

OBJECTIVETo analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of Marjolin's ulcer, and to explore its prevention and treatment.

METHODSMedical records of 187 patients with Marjolin's ulcers admitted to the Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1998 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age of onset of initial injury or primary disease, age of onset of Marjolin's ulcer, initial injury or primary disease, length of latency, lengths of pre- and post-ulceration periods, lesion site, lesion type, lesion area, local scar tension, histopathological type, degree of carcinoma cell differentiation, bone invasion and lymphadenopathy, treatment, and prognosis. The relationships between the age of onset of initial injury or primary disease and the length of latency, and the length of pre-ulceration period and the length of post-ulceration period were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. The recurrence rates were processed with Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS(1) Among the patients, the ratio of male to female was nearly 1.6:1.0. The age of onset of initial injury or primary disease was 0.17-78.00 (17±18) years, and the age of onset of Marjolin's ulcers was 18-84 (49±14) years. (2) The most common initial injury among the patients was flame burn. The length of latency was 0.25-74.00 (32±16) years, and the lengths of pre- and post-ulceration periods were 0-73.00 (26±19) years and 0.08-59.00 (6±11) years respectively. The common lesion sites were the lower limbs and head and face. The rodent ulcer was the most common lesion type, and the lesion area was 1-625 (69±110) cm(2). There were obviously negative correlations between the age of onset of initial injury or primary disease and the length of latency, as well as the length of pre-ulceration period and the length of post-ulceration period (with r values respectively -0.71 and -0.50, P values below 0.01). The pathological scars of strong tension around lesions were seen in 176 cases. (3) The major histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma, with high cell differentiation in most cases. (4) Bone invasion of carcinoma cells was observed in 59 cases. Lymph node enlargement was observed in 100 cases, and lymph node metastasis was observed in 18 cases. (5) Twenty patients did not receive any surgery, while 167 patients were treated by surgery with lesion extended resection as the main method. According to the condition of wound after the lesion extended resection, the wounds were mainly repaired by skin grafting and transplantation of local skin flap. The majority of wounds in 139 patients who underwent lesion extended resection were repaired in one surgery. Twenty-eight patients out of 104 followed-up cases had recurrence after surgery, mainly seen on head and face, upper limb, lower limb, and buttock, and there was no significant difference among them (P>0.05). The recurrence time of most patients was longer than 6 months after cure.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with Marjolin's ulcers in younger age of onset of initial injury or primary disease tend to have longer latency, during which the shorter the pre-ulceration period is, the longer the post-ulceration period will be. Marjolin's ulcers are prone to occur in scar sites with large tension. Early treatment of high tension scar and scar ulcer is important in prevention, and surgery is the optimal treatment for Marjolin's ulcers. Regular follow-up should be carried out owning to recurrence rate in certain degree after surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burns ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; pathology ; Face ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lower Extremity ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin Ulcer ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

To report one case of postoperative reconstruction of facial squamous cell carcinoma by cervicotho-racic flap and temporal flap in our hospital. Clinical symptoms of the patient are facial mass and tumor ulceration.The patient had chronic bronchitis. On admission, the right side of the patient face was found to have a mass of about 6. 5 cm X 5. 0 cm, and the middle is about 2. 5 cm X 2. 5 cm X 1. 0cm ulcer, the neck has no swollen lymphnodes by palpation. After imaging and pathological examination,the patient was diagnosed as right facial squamouscell carcinoma and chronic bronchitis.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Face ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

Osteoid osteoma was first reported in 1935 by Jaffe. It is a kind of benign bone disease with the limitation of well-defined lesions. It is rarely seen in the periorbital region. The only symptom of the patient was unilateral proptosis of right. The result of MRI examination was cystic masses in the edge of the right orbit. The tumor was complete removed by the nasal endoscopic approach during the surgery. Pathology result was reported as osteoid osteoma. There was no significant complications of diplopia, visual acuity decreased, enophthalmos, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and others.
Endoscopy ; Exophthalmos ; Face ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Nose ; Osteoma, Osteoid ; surgery ; Skull Base ; pathology ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and influential factors for 308 nm excimer laser in the treatment of stable vitiligo patients.
 METHODS: A total of 207 stable vitiligo patients with 1 763 patches were treated with 308 nm excimer laser. Open-label study was carried out to investigate the efficacy and safety regarding the treatment with 308 nm excimer laser, and to compare the response under different conditions including gender, age, duration, lesion location, and hair color.
 RESULTS: After treatment, 560 (31.8%) patches achieved 100% repigmentation, 650 (36.9%) lesions showed 75%-99% repigmentation, 189(10.7%) showed 50%-75% repigmentation, 231(13.1%) showed 25%-49% repigmentation, 108(6.1%) showed 1%-24% repigmentation, 25(1.4%) displayed no response. The rates of total excellent response (50%-100% repigmentation) in underage patients was 86.9%, much higher than that in adult patients (P<0.001). Total excellent response rates was 90.6% in disease duration <2 years, and 40.7% in disease duration ≥2 years. Lesions on the faciocervical region responded better than trunk and limbs, showing 95.4%, 70.3%, and 41.7% total excellent response, respectively. Patients with poliosis showed 54.9% in total excellent response rate, much lower than 84.5% in patients without poliosis(P<0.001). No significant response differences in gender were found.
 CONCLUSION 308 nm excimer laser is effective and safe in treatment of vitiligo. Aging, disease duration, lesion location, and hair color in lesion may be the influential factors for 308 nm excimer laser in treatment of vitiligo patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Extremities ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Face ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Female ; Hair Color ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Skin Pigmentation ; radiation effects ; Torso ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitiligo ; therapy

Face ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap

Pus overflow from patent's fistula belew the left face near mandibular angle 2 years agowith a little pain. Symptoms relieved after oral antibiotics. This symptom frequently occurred in the past six months. Postoperative facial paralysis occurred after surgery, and recovered after treatment. It was diagnosed as the postoperative facial paralysis after first branchial fistula surgery.
Branchial Region ; pathology ; surgery ; Face ; Facial Paralysis ; etiology ; Fistula ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Mandible ; Pain

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and endoscopic surgical intervention for small steoma of nasal sinuses causing nasal and facial pain. METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on 21 patients with nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses, and nasal endoscopic surgery was included in the treatment of all cases. RESULT: The nasal and facial pain of all the patients was relieved. Except for one ase exhibiting periorbital bruise after operation, the other patients showed no postoperative complications. CONCLUSION Nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses was clinically rare, mostly due to the neuropathic pain of nose and face caused by local compression resulting from the expansion of osteoma. Early diagnosis and operative treatment can significantly relieve nasal and facial pain.
Endoscopy ; Face ; Facial Pain ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Osteoma ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies