BACKGROUND:In vitro lymphocyte proliferation test is often used to detect the potential immunogenicity of medical devices,but no detailed extraction conditions and dose are given in the relevant standards. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different extraction conditions of the test product and different doses of the extract on in vitro human lymphocyte proliferation,and to consider the factors that need to be considered when selecting test conditions for in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test. METHODS:In the experiment,the homogenous bone repair material and heparin-modified intraocular lens were divided into the following 12 groups:(1)Experimental group 1:24-hour complete medium(RPMI modified medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum)extract of 200 μL + lymphocyte suspension of 50 μL;(2)negative control group 1:24-hour complete medium 200 μL + lymphocyte suspension 50 μL;(3)experimental group 2:24-hour complete medium extract 100 μL + lymphocyte suspension 100 μL;(4)negative control group 2:24-hour complete medium 100 μL + lymphocyte suspension 100 μL;(5)experimental group 3:72-hour RPMI modified medium extract(addition of 10%fetal bovine serum before experiment)200 μL + lymphocyte suspension 50 μL;(6)negative control group 3:72-hour RPMI modified medium(addition of 10%fetal bovine serum before experiment)200 μL + lymphocyte suspension 50 μL;(7)experimental group 4:72-hour RPMI modified medium extract(addition of 10%fetal bovine serum before experiment)100 μL + lymphocyte suspension 100 μL;(8)negative control group 4:72-hour RPMI modified medium(addition of 10%fetal bovine serum before experiment)100 μL + lymphocyte suspension 100 μL;(9)positive control group 1:complete medium containing 10 μg/mL plant hemagglutinin-M 200 μL + lymphocyte suspension 50 μL;(10)positive control group 2:complete medium containing 10 μg/mL plant hemagglutinin-M 100 μL + lymphocyte suspension 100 μL;(11)blank control group 1:250 μL complete medium;(12)control group 2:200 μL complete medium.After 3 days of culture,the proliferation of lymphocytes was detected by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under different test conditions,the extracts of the allogeneic bone repair material could enhance the activity of human lymphocytes.Under the condition of 72-hour leaching in RPMI modified medium and the volume ratio of leaching solution and lymphocyte suspension was 4:1,the most significant effect was observed.Heparin-modified intraocular lens extract also had obvious inhibitory effect on lymphocyte activity under this condition;its inhibitory effect on lymphocyte activity may be related to the heparin in the extract.However,the activity of lymphocytes was slightly enhanced by heparin-modified intraocular lens extract under the experimental conditions of complete medium extraction for 24 hours and the volume ratio of extract to lymphocyte suspension was 4:1.(2)Under different extraction conditions and doses,the results of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test may be quite different.The selection of test conditions should be combined with the clinical application of the product,and the inherent characteristics of the product should also be considered.

Objective　To investigate the efficacy of combined use of apigenin and resveratrol in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods　Fifty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal group (n=10) and a model group (n=40). The NAFLD model was established in the model group using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and a high-fat diet. After successful modeling, the model group was further divided into a model group, an apigenin group, a resveratrol group, and an apigenin and resveratrol combined group (combined administration group), with 10 mice in each group. The mice were administered once daily for four consecutive weeks. At the end of the administration, the mice in each group were weighed, the eyeballs were taken for blood samples, and the necks were dissected and sacrificed. The livers were dissected and weighed, and the liver index was calculated. The automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the serum biochemical indicators of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice. The ELISA method was used to detect the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mouse 10% liver tissue homogenate. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue in mice. Results Compared with the normal group, the liver index and serum biochemical ALT, AST, TG, TC levels in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the liver homogenate MDA was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH- Px were decreased significantly (P<0.01). There were a large number of fatty vacuoles and hepatic cord disorders in the liver tissue. Compared with the apigenin group and the resveratrol group, the liver index, and serum biochemical ALT, AST, TG and TC levels in the combined administration group decreased (P<0.05), and the liver homogenate MDA level decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05). The number of fatty vacuoles in liver tissues were reduced, hepatic cord disorders were improved. Conclusions The combined administration of apigenin and resveratrol has a protective effect on NAFLD model mice, possibly through the reduction of hepatic enzymes and blood lipid levels, as well as enhanced antioxidant activity. The combination treatment shows better efficacy compared to the apigenin and resveratrol groups.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the genotype of carbapenemase resistance genes and their genetic homology in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational use of antibiotics and controlling the prevalence of nosocomial infections. Methods A total of 83 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and environmental specimens in the Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong from July 2020 to December 2021 were collected. The bacteria were identified and subjected to drug sensitivity tests using the BioMérieux DL96-Ⅱ automatic bacterial identification susceptibility system. The carbapenemase-related drug resistance gene types were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and clones were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The types of 83 ICU Acinetobacter baumannii specimens include sputum (43 strains), broncholavage fluid (20 strains), and surfaces of objects such as ventilators (20 strains). The resistance rates of all strains to imipenem, tetracycline, gentamicin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were 100%, 32.5%, 38.6%, 41.0% and 77.1% respecitively, while the resistance rates to others such as ticarcillin and clavulanate were greater than 95%. All strains carried were detected to carry OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes, while OXA-24, OXA-58, IMP-1, VIM, IMP-4, SIM and NDM-1 resistance genes were all negative. PFGE homology analysis confirmed that 83 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, with counts of 12, 18, 12, 13, 10, 6, 7, 5 respectively, mainly A, B, C, D, E clones, the rest were sporadic clones. Conclusions The carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from our ICU are widely drug-resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, with B clone strain being the major prevalent strain. Carrying OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes may be an important reason for the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenem antibiotics in our ICU. Rational use of antimicrobial drugs, enhanced monitoring of bacterial resistance, and effective control of the generation and further spread of drug-resistant strains should be emphasized.

Objective : Viral load is becoming more and more important in prevention of HIV/AIDS. Understanding the baseline of viral load before treatment in newly reported HIV/AIDS patients can provide a basis for AIDS prevention. Methods : The viral load of newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu province in 2019 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR , the differences of viral load under different demographic characteristics were compared , and the factors of high viral load were analyzed. Results : he mean viral load of 3098 newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu province was 4. 33 ± 1. 05 log/mL , and the proportion of patients with viral load < 5000 copies/mL was 20. 85% (646/3 098) . There were statistically significant differences in viral load among different genders (P < 0. 05) , and male patients had higher viral load. The difference of viral load between HIV⁃infected and AIDS patients was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) , and the viral load value of AIDS patients diagnosed with disease status was relatively high. Unmarried and married spouses were more likely to have higher viral load than divorced or widowed spouses. Higher baseline viral load level was associated with higher rates of virologic failure after antiviral therapy. Conclusion The overall viral load of HIV infected /AIDS patients is high , but there is a certain proportion of low viral load , suggesting that follow⁃up of low viral load should be strengthened in AIDS prevention and treatment. Strengthen interventions aimed at men and unmarried or married people with spouses to reduce the risk of transmission.

Drug repurposing or repositioning has been well-known to refer to the therapeutic applications of a drug for another indication other than it was originally approved for. Repurposing non-oncology small-molecule drugs has been increasingly becoming an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy, with potentially lower overall costs and shorter timelines. Several non-oncology drugs approved by FDA have been recently reported to treat different types of human cancers, with the aid of some new emerging technologies, such as omics sequencing and artificial intelligence to overcome the bottleneck of drug repurposing. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the therapeutic potential of non-oncology drugs, including cardiovascular drugs, microbiological drugs, small-molecule antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-neurodegenerative drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and other drugs in human cancers. We also discuss their novel potential targets and relevant signaling pathways of these old non-oncology drugs in cancer therapies. Taken together, these inspiring findings will shed new light on repurposing more non-oncology small-molecule drugs with their intricate molecular mechanisms for future cancer drug discovery.

With the rapid development of my country's hemodialysis industry, the application of hemodialysis machines has become more and more extensive, but at the same time, the quality control technology of hemodialysis machines is not perfect. Especially for a wide range of leachable substances in dialyzers, there are few studies and detection methods. This study first briefly describes the development of hemodialyzers, and then expounds the common types of leachables, extraction methods, and chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. It is summarized that the research plan of leachable substances is to determine the type first, then formulate the extraction plan, and then establish the detection method. Finally, we look forward to the research prospects of hemodialyzer leachables, and point out that with the deepening and extensive development of research, it can further promote the healthy development of the hemodialyzer industry.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy* ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Dialysis

Objective: To analyze the CD4+T cell count level of newly diagnosed HIV infected patients in Jiangsu province, and to understand their immune status and disease progression so as to provide scientific basis for HIV prevention and control strategy in the whole province. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detect the absolute count of CD4+T lymphocytes in newly diagnosed patients who had not initiated ART in 2020. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of CD4+T cell count. Results: In 2020, there were 2 175 new diagnosed cases with HIV infection in Jiangsu Province. Patients under 30 years old, infected by homosexual transmission, unmarried, with college degree or above, students, diagnosed in counseling and testing and floating population had a higher absolute count level of CD4+T cell count(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that people aged ≥30 and diagnosed in medical institutions were more likely to be presented lately(P<0.05). Conclusion In recent years, the intervention strategy for men who had sex with men(MSM) in Jiangsu province had achieved remarkable results.In the future, much more attention should be paid for the population over or equal to 30 years old, married or divorced, infected by heterosexual transmission, with high school education or below, farmers or migrant workers, retirees and diagnosed in medical institutions so that the PITC service should be promoted, and the publicity and intervention should be strengthened to present cases as soon as possible.

Objective:To understand the incidence of HIV infections and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jiangsu province.Methods:Based on national AIDS sentinel surveillance in 2019, MSM from 13 cities in Jiangsu were recruited for questionnaire interview and laboratory testing during April to July, 2019. Seropositive samples were tested with Limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay to detect recent HIV infections. The incidence of HIV infection in MSM were calculated according to the formula and parameters from China CDC. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with recent infection of HIV.Results:A total of 4 469 MSM were subjects and the incidence of HIV infection were 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4%-5.5%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that compared with these aged ≥40 years, recruitment ways from MSM venues, awareness of AIDS knowledge, non-unprotected anal sex in the past 6 months and non-syphilis infection, those who aged 18-24 years (a OR=2.083,95% CI:1.087-3.990), recruitment ways from VCT clinics (a OR=2.125,95% CI:1.175-3.843), unawareness of AIDS knowledge (a OR=2.456,95% CI:1.109-5.437), unprotected anal sex in the past 6 months (a OR=3.553,95% CI:2.143-5.889) and syphilis infection (a OR=2.414,95% CI:1.033-5.462) were higher risk of HIV infection. Conclusion:The new infection rates of HIV were high in MSM in Jiangsu province. Health education, condom use and HIV/syphilis screening promotions should therefore be top priority in the prevention and control of HIV infection in MSM.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of surgical thrombectomy with those of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in treating acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) . Methods The clinical data of 107 patients with ALLI, who underwent CDT or surgical thrombectomy at authors' hospital during the period from January 2012 to December 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of complications, mortality, re-intervention rate and amputation rate within 30 days after operation were calculated. Cooley standard of efficacy score was used to assess the clinical curative effect of patients with grade Ⅱ of American Society of Vascular Surgeons (SVS) and International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (ISCVS) classification of acute limb ischemia. Results A total of 107 patients with ALLI were enrolled in this study. Among them, 59 patients received CDT therapy and 48 patients received surgical thrombectomy. The technical success rate of both groups was 100％. Within 30 days after operation, the incidence of complications in CDT group and surgical thrombectomy group was 11.9％ and 14.6％ respectively, the mortality was 5.1％ and 6.3％respectively, and the re-intervention rate was 17.0％ and 22.9％ respectively, all the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . The amputation rate of patients with grade Ⅱ of SVS/ISCVS ischemia classification in CDT group was 8.9％, which was higher than 2.3％ in surgical thrombectomy group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . In patients with grade Ⅱ of ischemia assessed by the ca uses and Cooley curative effect standard at the time of discharge, the cure percentage of embolism-caused ALLI patients in surgical thrombectomy group was 82.5％, which was remarkably higher than 62.8％ in CDT group (P <0.05) . The cure percentage of thrombosis-caused ALLI patients in CDT group was 92.3％, which was strikingly higher than 25.0％ in surgical thrombectomy group (P <0.05) . The difference in the improvement of ischemia, which was assessed by the duration of ischemia and Cooley therapeutic criteria at the time of discharge, between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Conclusion In treating ALLI, no significant differences in curative effect, incidence of postoperative complications and mortality exist between surgical thrombectomy and CDT. The formulation of therapeutic regimen should be based on ischemia grade of SVS/ISCVS, etiology and coexisting underlying diseases.