Using electroencephalogram (EEG) signal to control external devices has always been the research focus in the field of brain-computer interface (BCI). This is especially significant for those disabilities who have lost capacity of movements. In this paper, the P300-based BCI and the microcontroller-based wireless radio frequency (RF) technology are utilized to design a smart home control system, which can be used to control household appliances, lighting system, and security devices directly. Experiment results showed that the system was simple, reliable and easy to be populirised.
Brain ; physiology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans

In the traditional P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) system, the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can only provide limited information with a low signal-to-noise ratio. A BCI paradigm under visual stimulus was proposed in our study aiming to effectively activate the related brain areas and response signal while dealing with specific cognitive task (mental arithmetic task), so as to enhance the EEG signals. The result was compared with the traditional P300 counting task paradigm. Then the collected EEG data were preprocessed including extracting signal features with coherent averaging method, and analyzing the influences of different experimental paradigms on main components of event related potential (ERP). In the improved paradigm experiments the average increasing rate of P300 amplitude was 6. 83MV (73. 94%). The brain activity from 400ms was more active and lasted longer. Besides, unlike traditional counting task, mental arithmetic task appeared to have apparent activation at 650ms. The results showed that the improved paradigm could activate the related brain areas better and enhance the characteristics of signal. This provides a new system paradigm for BCI.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Humans ; Mathematical Concepts ; Mental Processes ; physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis

Using human electroencephalogram (EEG) to control external devices in order to achieve a variety of functions has been focus of the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research. P300 is experiments which stimulate the eye to produce EEG by using letters flashing, and then identify the corresponding letters. In this paper, some improvements based on the P300 experiments were made??. Firstly, the matrix of flashing letters were modified into words which represent a certain sense. Secondly, the BCI2000 procedures were added with the corresponding source code. Thirdly, the smart car systems were designed using the radiofrequency signal. Finally it was realized that the evoked potentials were used to control the state of the smart car.
Adult ; Automobiles ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Man-Machine Systems ; Task Performance and Analysis

OBJECTIVEQuantitative EEG and event-related potential P300 were used to evaluate impairment of cerebral function in patient with partial epilepsy.

METHODSW value was calculated (power of EEG δ and θ rhythm divided by power of α and β rhythm ) for the extent of focal cortical dysfunction. The W values in left partial epilepsy group, right partial epilepsy group and control group during interictal period compared. The latency, amplitude and reaction time of P300 potential change were observed in each groups.

RESULTSThe W values in F(8), T(4) and T(6) regions in patients with left partial epilepsy (P <0.05). The W values in T(3). O(1) regions of patients with left partial epilepsy were higher than those in patients with right partial epilepsy (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the W value in T(6) regions of patients with a disease course longer than 5y was significantly higher than that of patients with a disease course 1-5 y or less than 1y; the W value in O(2) regions of patients with a disease course longer than 5y was significantly higher than that of patients with a disease course between 1-5y (P < 0.05). In patients with right or left partial epilepsy, the total abnormal rate of P300 was 54. 76%, the latency, amplitude and reaction team were significantly different to the control group. The abnormal rate of P300 in left and right partial epilepsy groups were 77. 78% and 37.50%, respectively, and the former is significantly higher than the latter. The amplitudes of P300 in C(z) and P(z) of left partial epilepsy were significantly lower than those of right partial epilepsy and control group (P < 0.05). The latency and reaction time of P300 in C(z) and P(z) of all partial epilepsy were significantly longer than those of control group (P < 0.05), however, no difference was found between left and right partial epilepsy.

CONCLUSIONIn partial epilepsy the cortical dysfunction occurs ipsilaterally to the epileptogenic zone, and extent of cortical dysfunction is positively correlated with duration of disease course. Cerebral dysfunction in left partial epilepsy is more severe than that in right partial epilepsy.

Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; physiopathology ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of comprehensive therapy (CT) with electroacupuncture (EA) in combination with psycho-intervention (PI) on the cognitive function and event-related potentials (ERP), P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), in patients with internet addiction (IA) for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty patients with IA were randomly divided into three groups, and a total of 112 subjects reached the final analysis of the trial, the EA group (39 patients), the PI group (36 patients) and the CT group (37 patients). EA was applied at acupoints Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Taichong (LR3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), once every other day; PI with the cognitionbehavior mode was implemented every 4 days; both EA and PI were used in the CT group. The treatment course for all patients was 40 days. Changes before and after treatment in terms of scoring by the IA self-rating scale, short-term memory capacity, short-term memory span, and the latency and amplitude of P300 and MMN in patients were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, in all groups, the IA score was lowered significantly (P <0.05) and scores of short-term memory capacity and short-term memory span increased significantly (P <0.05), while the decreased IA score in the CT group was more significant than that in the other two groups (P <0.05). ERP measurements showed that P300 latency was depressed and its amplitude raised in the EA group; MMN amplitude increased in the CT group (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe EA in combination with PI could improve the cognitive function of IA patients, and its mechanism might be related to the speedup of cerebral discrimination on external stimulus and the enhancement of effective resource mobilization during information processing of the brain.

Behavior, Addictive ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Cognition ; physiology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; physiology ; Patient Dropouts ; Young Adult

In this paper, time courses of discrete cortical current sources evoked by target and distractor stimulus are presented in a visual three-stimulus oddball paradigm. 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded in healthy subjects in the paradigm where the P3b component of the P300 is evoked in the detection of rare events (target and distractor) and the P3a component is mainly produced by distractor events. A regional source model with constraints of spatial coordinates from fMRI was then applied to event-related potentials (ERPs) data in the target and distractor conditions. Activities of regional sources indicated bilateral inferior parietal lobe, posterior parietal cortex and inferior temporal cortex mainly contribute to the P3b, while the P3a was mainly produced by bilateral insula, bilateral precentral sulcus and cingulate gyrus. Target processing involved parietal lobe, inferior temporal cortex and left insula engaged in stimulus-driven attention process, goal-directed attention process, categorization of visual stimuli and memory retrieval, while distractor processing involved right insula and cingulate gyrus engaged in attention switching and reengagement of attention resource.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; methods ; Visual Perception ; physiology ; Young Adult

The event-related potential (ERP) P300 was recorded to analyze the temporal sequences character and the P300 compositions in premeditated and temporary deception. When 15 healthy undergraduates watched the stolen, familiar but not stolen and strange object pictures, the reaction time was recorded and EEG data were collected to analyze the amplitudes of N1, N2 and P3 sub-component of P300 in honesty and deception group respectively through analog theft paradigm. The results showed that the amplitudes of N1, N2 and P3 in premeditated deception group were markedly larger than those in temporary deception, and the reaction time of deception group was longer than that of honesty group. Compared with temporary deception, more attention resources were invested and intensely response conflict was induced by premeditated deception.
Deception ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lie Detection ; Male ; Reaction Time ; physiology ; Young Adult

The present paper is to investigate the variation characteristics and clinical application of event related potentials (ERPs) in patients with bipolar disorder. A total of 70 patients with bipolar disorder, with 39 patients in manic phase and 31 patients in depressive phase, and 50 health volunteers were recruited in the case-control study. The ERPs, such as P300, MMN, CNV, P50, were recorded by the Nihon Kohden evoked potential instrument. Compared with the healthy volunteers' latency in the control group, the latency of MMN, CNV, N2, P3a, P3b was longer in the manic phase group; the latency of MMN, CNV, P3a and P3b were longer and the amplitude of CNV was lower in the depressive phase group. The S2/S1 value of P50 obviously increased among the manic phase patients. With manic phase or depression phase of bipolar disorder, the variation characteristics of ERPs were different. The features of ERP reflect the cognitive dysfunction and sensory gating impairment of patient's brain. The results provide neural electrophysiological basis for clinical diagnosis and therapy of bipolar disorder.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bipolar Disorder ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the variability of event-related potentials P(300) and the relationship with memory function/psychopathology in patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.

METHODSThirty patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia (patient group) and twenty health subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The auditory event-related potentials P₃₀₀ at the scalp electrodes Cz, Pz and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were examined in both groups, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was evaluated in patient group.

RESULTSIn comparison with control group, patients had longer latency of P₃₀₀ [(390.6 ± 47.6)ms at Cz and (393.3 ± 50.1)ms at Pz] (P<0.01), lower amplitude of P₃₀₀ [(7.7 ± 3.4) μV at Cz and (8.5 ± 3.9)μV at Pz] (P<0.05-0.01). The memory quotient (88.1 ± 10.0) scores and short-term memory, immediate memory in patient group were damaged significantly (P<0.05-0.01). In patient group, the latency of P300 was correlated positively with PANSS scores and negatively with WMS scores (P<0.05-0.01).

CONCLUSIONFirst-episode paranoid schizophrenia has memory deficit, which can be evaluated comprehensively by P₃₀₀ and WMS. The longer latency of P₃₀₀ might be associated with the increased severity of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid ; physiopathology ; Wechsler Scales ; Young Adult

Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; standards ; Young Adult