Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Purpose: To identify the prevalence and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed patients with RA with a documented COVID-19 infection between January 2021 and December 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Reinfection was defined as a subsequent positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at least 3 months after the initial infection. Cox proportional hazards models with backward elimination were employed to assess the association between potential risk factors and risk of reinfection. Results: Of 351 included patients with RA {female, 81.5%; median age, 58.0 years [interquartile range (IQR), 48.0–66.0]}, 252 (71.8%) were treated with methotrexate and 12 (3.4%) received leflunomide during the initial infection. Over a median follow-up of 1.5 (IQR, 1.1–1.6) years, 43 (12.3%) patients experienced reinfection, equating to an incidence rate of 8.97 per 100 patient-years.The median time interval between infections was 0.8 (IQR, 0.6–1.2) years. Among the risk factors, leflunomide use showed a significant association with reinfection (hazard ratio, 2.968; 95% confidence interval, 1.057–8.335; p=0.039). However, no significant changes occurred in disease activity following reinfection [disease activity score using 28 joints: baseline median, 2.3 (IQR, 1.9– 2.8); post-reinfection median, 2.3 (IQR, 1.8–2.6), p for change=0.895]. Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study of patients with RA with COVID-19 infection, approximately 12% of patients experienced reinfection without significant change in disease activity. Leflunomide use was associated with a higher risk of reinfection.

Purpose: To identify the prevalence and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed patients with RA with a documented COVID-19 infection between January 2021 and December 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Reinfection was defined as a subsequent positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at least 3 months after the initial infection. Cox proportional hazards models with backward elimination were employed to assess the association between potential risk factors and risk of reinfection. Results: Of 351 included patients with RA {female, 81.5%; median age, 58.0 years [interquartile range (IQR), 48.0–66.0]}, 252 (71.8%) were treated with methotrexate and 12 (3.4%) received leflunomide during the initial infection. Over a median follow-up of 1.5 (IQR, 1.1–1.6) years, 43 (12.3%) patients experienced reinfection, equating to an incidence rate of 8.97 per 100 patient-years.The median time interval between infections was 0.8 (IQR, 0.6–1.2) years. Among the risk factors, leflunomide use showed a significant association with reinfection (hazard ratio, 2.968; 95% confidence interval, 1.057–8.335; p=0.039). However, no significant changes occurred in disease activity following reinfection [disease activity score using 28 joints: baseline median, 2.3 (IQR, 1.9– 2.8); post-reinfection median, 2.3 (IQR, 1.8–2.6), p for change=0.895]. Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study of patients with RA with COVID-19 infection, approximately 12% of patients experienced reinfection without significant change in disease activity. Leflunomide use was associated with a higher risk of reinfection.