1.Interpretation, Reporting, Imaging-Based Workups, and Surveillance of Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Polyps and Gallbladder Wall Thickening: 2025 Recommendations From the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology
Won CHANG ; Sunyoung LEE ; Yeun-Yoon KIM ; Jin Young PARK ; Sun Kyung JEON ; Jeong Eun LEE ; Jeongin YOO ; Seungchul HAN ; So Hyun PARK ; Jae Hyun KIM ; Hyo Jung PARK ; Jeong Hee YOON
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(2):102-134
Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.
2.Imaging Findings of Complications of New Anticancer Drugs
Ji Sung JANG ; Hyo Jung PARK ; Chong Hyun SUH ; Sang Eun WON ; Eun Seong LEE ; Nari KIM ; Do-Wan LEE ; Kyung Won KIM
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(2):156-168
The anticancer drugs have evolved significantly, spanning molecular targeted therapeutics (MTTs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Complications associated with these drugs vary widely based on their mechanisms of action. MTTs that target angiogenesis can often lead to complications related to ischemia or endothelial damage across various organs, whereas non-anti-angiogenic MTTs present unique complications derived from their specific pharmacological actions. ICIs are predominantly associated with immunerelated adverse events, such as pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, thyroid disorders, hypophysitis, and sarcoid-like reactions. CAR-T therapy causes unique and severe complications including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. ADCs tend to cause complications associated with cytotoxic payloads. A comprehensive understanding of these drug-specific toxicities, particularly using medical imaging, is essential for providing optimal patient care. Based on this knowledge, radiologists can play a pivotal role in multidisciplinary teams. Therefore, radiologists must stay up-to-date on the imaging characteristics of these complications and the mechanisms underlying novel anticancer drugs.
3.Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Thyroid Cancers:2025 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Guideline
Eun Ju HA ; Min Kyoung LEE ; Jung Hwan BAEK ; Hyun Kyung LIM ; Hye Shin AHN ; Seon Mi BAEK ; Yoon Jung CHOI ; Sae Rom CHUNG ; Ji-hoon KIM ; Jae Ho SHIN ; Ji Ye LEE ; Min Ji HONG ; Hyun Jin KIM ; Leehi JOO ; Soo Yeon HAHN ; So Lyung JUNG ; Chang Yoon LEE ; Jeong Hyun LEE ; Young Hen LEE ; Jeong Seon PARK ; Jung Hee SHIN ; Jin Yong SUNG ; Miyoung CHOI ; Dong Gyu NA ;
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(1):10-28
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.
4.Performance of Digital Mammography-Based Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Diagnosis on Synthetic Mammography From Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Kyung Eun LEE ; Sung Eun SONG ; Kyu Ran CHO ; Min Sun BAE ; Bo Kyoung SEO ; Soo-Yeon KIM ; Ok Hee WOO
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(3):217-229
Objective:
To test the performance of an artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) designed for fullfield digital mammography (FFDM) when applied to synthetic mammography (SM).
Materials and Methods:
We analyzed 501 women (mean age, 57 ± 11 years) who underwent preoperative mammography and breast cancer surgery. This cohort consisted of 1002 breasts, comprising 517 with cancer and 485 without. All patients underwent digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and FFDM during the preoperative workup. The SM is routinely reconstructed using DBT. Commercial AI-CAD (Lunit Insight MMG, version 1.1.7.2) was retrospectively applied to SM and FFDM to calculate the abnormality scores for each breast. The median abnormality scores were compared for the 517 breasts with cancer using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Calibration curves of abnormality scores were evaluated. The discrimination performance was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity using a 10% preset threshold. Sensitivity and specificity were further analyzed according to the mammographic and pathological characteristics.The results of SM and FFDM were compared.
Results:
AI-CAD demonstrated a significantly lower median abnormality score (71% vs. 96%, P < 0.001) and poorer calibration performance for SM than for FFDM. SM exhibited lower sensitivity (76.2% vs. 82.8%, P < 0.001), higher specificity (95.5% vs.91.8%, P < 0.001), and comparable AUC (0.86 vs. 0.87, P = 0.127) than FFDM. SM showed lower sensitivity than FFDM in asymptomatic breasts, dense breasts, ductal carcinoma in situ, T1, N0, and hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative cancers but showed higher specificity in non-cancerous dense breasts.
Conclusion
AI-CAD showed lower abnormality scores and reduced calibration performance for SM than for FFDM.Furthermore, the 10% preset threshold resulted in different discrimination performances for the SM. Given these limitations, off-label application of the current AI-CAD to SM should be avoided.
5.Frequently Asked Questions on Imaging in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Clinical Trials
Sang Eun WON ; Eun Sung LEE ; Chong Hyun SUH ; Sinae KIM ; Hyo Jung PARK ; Kyung Won KIM ; Jeffrey P. GUENETTE
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(5):471-484
Clinical trials for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are in the early stages but are expected to progress alongside new treatment approaches. This suggests that imaging will play an important role in monitoring disease progression, treatment response, and treatment-related side effects. There are, however, challenges that remain unresolved, regarding imaging in CAR T-cell therapy. We herein discuss the role of imaging, focusing on how tumor response evaluation varies according to cancer type and target antigens in CAR T-cell therapy. CAR T-cell therapy often produces rapid and significant responses, and imaging is vital for identifying side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Radiologists should be aware of drug mechanisms, response assessments, and associated toxicities to effectively support these therapies. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of the Lugano criteria, which is essential for standardized assessment of treatment response, particularly in lymphoma therapies, and also explores other factors influencing imaging-based evaluation, including emerging methodologies and their potential to improve the accuracy and consistency of response assessments.
6.Dietary isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors and cancer-free women
Sihan SONG ; Hyeong-Gon MOON ; Dong-Young NOH ; So-Youn JUNG ; Eun Sook LEE ; Zisun KIM ; Hyun Jo YOUN ; Jihyoung CHO ; Young Bum YOO ; Se Kyung LEE ; Jeong Eon LEE ; Seok Jin NAM ; Yoo Seok KIM ; Jun Won MIN ; Shinyoung JUN ; Hyojee JOUNG ; Jung Eun LEE
Nutrition Research and Practice 2025;19(1):80-95
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:
Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models.
RESULTS:
Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status.
CONCLUSION
Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.
7.Applications of artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis in breast radiology: a narrative review
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2025;68(5):281-287
Mammography is the standard screening method for breast cancer, proven to reduce mortality. However, its diagnostic performance varies depending on patient characteristics and radiologist expertise. Dense breast tissue, present in approximately 70% of Korean women aged 40 to 59, limits detection by obscuring malignancies. Additionally, optimal interpretation requires extensive training, which is not always achievable. Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing mammographic accuracy and efficiency.Current Concepts: AI-CAD has shown diagnostic performance comparable to that of experienced radiologists while addressing the limitations of traditional CAD systems, particularly excessive false positives. Studies suggest AI-CAD improves radiologists' accuracy, particularly among those with limited breast imaging experience. In Europe, AI-assisted reading is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to traditional double reading. In Korea, adoption of AI-CAD is expanding, with systems approved by the Korean Food and Drug Administration currently in clinical use. Recently, one AI-CAD system received conditional non-reimbursement designation, allowing hospitals to use it for up to 5 years while collecting clinical evidence to support future insurance coverage decisions.Discussion and Conclusion: AI-CAD has significant potential to enhance early breast cancer detection while maintaining acceptable false-positive rates, making it a valuable adjunct in screening programs. Beyond improved detection, AI-CAD may optimize workflow efficiency by triaging cases and prioritizing high-risk examinations. However, its integration into clinical practice necessitates standardized guidelines, regulatory oversight, and further validation through large-scale prospective studies. As AI technology continues to advance, ongoing investigation into its role in personalized breast cancer screening is essential.
8.Study on the Necessity and Methodology for Enhancing Outpatient and Clinical Education in the Department of Radiology
Soo Buem CHO ; Jiwoon SEO ; Young Hwan KIM ; You Me KIM ; Dong Gyu NA ; Jieun ROH ; Kyung-Hyun DO ; Jung Hwan BAEK ; Hye Shin AHN ; Min Woo LEE ; Seunghyun LEE ; Seung Eun JUNG ; Woo Kyoung JEONG ; Hye Doo JEONG ; Bum Sang CHO ; Hwan Jun JAE ; Seon Hyeong CHOI ; Saebeom HUR ; Su Jin HONG ; Sung Il HWANG ; Auh Whan PARK ; Ji-hoon KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2025;86(1):199-200
9.A Case Report on Ductal Carcinoma in situ Arising from Axillary Accessory Breast Tissue
Kyung Eun LEE ; Juhee KANG ; Woo Young KANG ; Ok Hee WOO
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2025;86(1):154-159
Accessory breast tissue can appear along the mammary ridge, extending from the axilla to the groin, with the axilla being the most common site. Malignancies arising in accessory breast tissue are rare, representing approximately 0.3%–0.6% of all breast cancer cases.When evaluating accessory breasts, it is essential to apply the same management strategies used for conventionally positioned breasts. This report presents a case of ductal carcinoma in situ originating from accessory breast tissue in the axilla of a 55-year-old woman. The diagnosis was established through a comprehensive assessment involving mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Since the axillary accessory breast tissue wasn’t initially included in the routine mammography, we added an axillary tail view to evaluate the extent and morphology of malignant microcalcifications.
10.Erratum: Correction of Text in the Article “The Long-term Outcomes and Risk Factors of Complications After Fontan Surgery: From the Korean Fontan Registry (KFR)”
Sang-Yun LEE ; Soo-Jin KIM ; Chang-Ha LEE ; Chun Soo PARK ; Eun Seok CHOI ; Hoon KO ; Hyo Soon AN ; I Seok KANG ; Ja Kyoung YOON ; Jae Suk BAEK ; Jae Young LEE ; Jinyoung SONG ; Joowon LEE ; June HUH ; Kyung-Jin AHN ; Se Yong JUNG ; Seul Gi CHA ; Yeo Hyang KIM ; Youngseok LEE ; Sanghoon CHO
Korean Circulation Journal 2025;55(3):256-257

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