Whereas increasing concerns about radiation exposure to nuclear disasters or side effects of anticancer radiotherapy, relatively little research for radiation damages or remedy has been done. The purpose of this study was to establish level of LD70/30 (a lethal dose for 70% of mice within 30 days) by total-body γ irradiation (TBI) in a mouse model. For this purpose, at first, 8-week-old male ICR and C57BL/6N mice from A and B companies were received high dose (10, 11, 12 Gy) TBI. After irradiation, the body weight and survival rate were monitored for 30 days consecutively. In next experiment, 5-week-old male ICR and C57BL/6N mice from B company were received same dose irradiation. Results showed that survival rate and body weight change rate in inbred C57BL/6N mice were similar between A and B company. In ICR mice, however, survival rate and body weight change rate were completely different among the companies. Significant difference of survival rate both ICR and C57BL6N mice was not observed in between 5-week-old and 8-week-old groups receiving 10 or 12 Gy TBI. Our results indicate that the strain and age of mice, and even purchasing company (especially outbred), should be matched over experimental groups in TBI experiment. Based on our results, 8-week-old male ICR mice from B company subjected to 12 Gy of TBI showed LD70/30 and suitable as a mouse model for further development of new drug using the ideal total-body irradiation model.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Body Weight Changes ; Disasters ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Radiation Exposure ; Radiotherapy ; Survival Rate

An alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor, which metastasizes to the lung, bone and brain. Recently, we encountered an unusual case of a metastatic ASPS to the bilateral breasts in a 27-year-old woman. She had undergone surgery for an ASPS in her right thigh two years ago, which metastasized to the breast on three occasions, 15 months, 20 months and two years after surgery.
Adult ; Brain ; Breast ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part* ; Thigh ; Viperidae

Metastatic osteosarcoma most commonly affects the lungs and other bones. Intestinal intussusception caused by metastatic osteosarcoma is very rare. We report a case of metastatic osteosarcoma of the intestine in a 39-year-old female. She underwent surgical resection of the left femur due to osteosarcoma and received additional chemotherapy 3 years ago. Pulmonary metastasis was found two years later and the patient complained of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after 8 months following excision of the lung nodules. Abdominal computed tomography revealed intussusception with a suspected polypoid mass in the distal portion of the jejunum. The histologic findings of the resected bowel were those of osteosarcoma. This is the first case of documented intestinal metastasis of osteosarcoma in Korea. It is suggested that the tumor metastasis to the small intestine should be considered in patients with previous osteosarcoma, when the patient presents with acute abdominal symptoms and intussusception.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Intussusception* ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Lung ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Vomiting

We report a unique case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of colon, not associated with neurofibromatosis or parasite infection. The tumor presented as an encircling mass in descending colon causing obstruction with nuberous metastatic lesions in a 43-year-old man. The tumor was largely composed of spindle cells which showed strong positivity for vimemtin, S-100 protein and Leu-7. The tumor often exhibited epithelioid feature where tumor cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin.
Adult ; Colon ; Colon, Descending* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Keratins ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; Neurofibromatoses ; Parasites ; Peripheral Nerves* ; S100 Proteins

Castleman's disease represents an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently associated with various immunologic abnormalities or subsequent development of malignancy such as Kaposi sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma. Its clinicopathologic features depend on various etiologic factors such as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oversecretion of IL-6, adhesion molecule and follicular dendritic cell dysplasia, etc. To investigate the relationship of Castleman's disease (CD) and the above factors, we reviewed 22 cases of CD. Four cases of KSHV positive CD were detected, all multicentric, plasma cell type, and these cases displayed prominent vascular proliferation, characteristic 'Kaposi-like lesion'. IL-6 and CD54 positive mononuclear cells were scattered in interfollicular areas of KSHV positive cases. Follicular dendritic cell hyperplasia, vascular proliferation, expression of IL-6 and CD54 did not show any significant difference between solitary vs multicentric type, and plasma cell type vs hyaline vascular type. Our study suggests that KSHV positive CD reveals unique pathologic features, and the probable relationship of KSHV and IL-6 and CD54 is discussed.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Biological Markers ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Germinal Center/pathology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/virology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/pathology+ACo- ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/epidemiology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/classification ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation +ACY- purification ; Herpesvirus, Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated/isolation +ACY- purification ; Human ; Hyperplasia ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis ; Interleukin-6/analysis ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/chemistry ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Receptors, Complement 3d/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology

Hamartoma of the breast is a rare benign lesion presenting as palpable mass. They are, however, sometimes misdiagnosed by pathologist due to their resemblance to other benign or physiologic conditions of the breast. We report two cases of hamartomas of the breast. The clinical diagnosis was fibroadenoma in both cases. One patient was a 49-year-old woman presented with palpable mass for the duration of 5 months. Mammography showed a well demarcated round mass with homogeneous density which is slightly greater than the surrounding glandular tissue. Grossly it was a 3.5 3.0 2.0 cm sized round firm mass covered by thin fibrous tissue. Microscopically it was a well defined mass composed of variable amount of breast lobules, dilated ducts and adipose tissue surrounded by dense hyalinized connective tissue. The adipose tissue accounted for 30% of the entire lesion. Cellular atypism was not found. The other patient was a 18-year-old woman presented with palpable mass of the duration of 3 years, which was increased in size recently. Mammography demonstratesd a well delimited lobulated mass with lucent halo. Ultrasonography showed a well encapsulated low echoic mass admixed with high echoic areas. Grossly, it was a 4.0 4.0 2.0 cm sized well demarcated oval-shaped firm mass with translucent thin fibrous capsule.. Microscopic findings were similar to the former. The amount of adipose tissue was 20%.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Breast* ; Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography

We retrospectively reviewed the results of 1,850 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid nodules performed from 1990 to 1991 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Among 1,528 cases and 322 cases aspirated by clinicians and a pathologist, 465 cases(30.4%) and 13 cases(4.0%) of the aspirates were inadequate, respectively. In 227 cases, correlation of the FNAC diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was done. Excluding the inadequate cases, the sensitivity for the detection of neoplasm(malignancy together with follicular adenoma) was 86.4% and the specificity was 70.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.0%. There were 16 false-positive cases(7.0%), and 19 false-negative cases(8.4%). The predictive value of each cytologic diagnosis was 92% in papillary carcinoma, and 100% in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The expectancy of malignancy was 52.8% in "suspicious malignancy" and 26.7% in "atypical lesion".
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Thyroiditis

The authors analysed 2,653 cases of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of the lung to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and its limitation. A comparison was made between the original cytologic and the final histologic diagnoses on 1,149 cases from 1,074 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy was established in 38.3% benign in 48.1%, atypical lesion in 2.3%, and inadequate one in 11.9% of the cases. Statistical data on cytologic diagnoses were as follows; specificity 98.9%: sensitivity of procedure, 76.8%: sensitivity of diagnosis, 95.5%: false positive 5 cases: false negative 18 cases: predictive value for malignancy, 98.8%: predictive value for benign lesion, 79.5%: overall diagnostic efficiency, 87.5%: typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 80%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study outlines the current status of the autopsy practice and the medical records for autopsies at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Total number of autopsy cases from 1954 to 1995 was 3,131. Adults aged over 17 were 371 cases and children were 2,515 cases. The demographic data in 245 cases was not available. The number of adult autopsies and its proportion among total number of autopsies during 10-year periods decreased from 144 cases (40%) during the 10-year-period from 1956 to 52 cases (3%) during the 10-year-period from 1986. The number of children cases during the same period groups increased slightly from 210 cases (58%) to 393 cases (25%). But the number of fetal cases increased rapidly from 7 cases (2%) to 1,146 cases (72%). Among fetal autopsies the proportion of fetuses died earlier than 24 weeks of gestation increased and this figure exceeds that of fetuses that died later than 24 weeks of gestation from 1992. Forty percent of the cases were submitted from the clinical departments of the Seoul National University Hospital but the remainders were referred from 73 hospitals. Final autopsy diagnoses were analysed according to the Korean Standard Classification of Disease (KCD)-3 coding system and by searching key words for all cases. Common diagnoses as coded among cases from 1990 were P9, P0, P2, Q2 and Q0. Common diseases by key words for adult cases were liver disease, tuberculosis and pneumonia. Common diseases for children cases were pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, meningitis and tuberculosis. Through this study we could show the importance of autopsy services for fetuses. We could also establish a regular registration system for autopsies at general hospitals.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Coding ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Fetus ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Diseases ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Pathology ; Pneumonia ; Pregnancy ; Seoul* ; Tuberculosis

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the histopathologic findings of shark liver oil-induced lipoid pneumonia, and to determine whether shark liver oil is absorbed through lymphatics and the venous system or not. A single intratracheal administration of shark liver oil (0.6 ml/kg of B.W.) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats. They were then sacrificed sequentially from 1 hour to 12 weeks after injection. We investigated the chest radiographic findings, the serum total lipid concentration of blood obtained by cardiac puncture, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage index of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histopathology of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the lung (Oil red O stain & H&E stain). Chest radiographs showed no specific findings; ill-defined hazy, linear, small patch radioopacity, air space consolidation or collapse. Thirty-six percent of the experimental rats revealed normal findings. Within the lung, the shark liver oil appeared either as highly emulsified fine granules in the cytoplasm of the alveolar macrophage or as free, round oil masses. The area of the lung accumulated with lipid material was maximized 1 week after injection, and then decreased thereafter. The tissue reactions were cuboidal metaplasia of the alveolar lining, widening and lymphocytic infiltration of the alveolar septa and granuloma formation (3% of experimental rats) as a reaction to a foreign body. There were also lung abscesses due to superimposed bacterial infection (5% of experimental rats). With time after the injection of the oil, the serum total lipid tended to increase and the intracellular lipid of the alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tended to decrease. In summary, the histopathologic findings of the lung in the experimental lipoid pneumonia were interstitial chronic inflammation and granulomas with the presence of lipoid material in the lung parenchyma, and shark liver oil appeared to be absorbed in the blood and the lymph, then metabolized.
Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cytoplasm ; Foreign Bodies ; Granuloma ; Inflammation ; Liver* ; Lung ; Lung Abscess ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Metaplasia ; Pneumonia* ; Punctures ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sharks*