Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo improve the current standard of Belladonnae Herba in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. MethodTaking hyoscyamine sulfate， atropine sulfate and scopoletin as reference substances， and ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia（17∶4∶2）as developing solvent， thin layer chromatography （TLC） was applied in the qualitative identification of Belladonnae Herba. The moisture， total ash and ethanol-soluble extract of Belladonnae Herba were determined based on the general principles in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ）. The contents of hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with mobile phase of acetonitrile-54 mmol·L^-1 phosphate buffer solution （14∶86）， flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and detection wavelength at 210 nm. ResultThe spots in the TLC were clear with good separation and specificity. Hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide showed a good linearity with peak area in the range of 0.024 7-0.789 6 g·L^-1 （r=0.999 9） and 0.003 9-0.124 0 g·L^-1 （r=0.999 9）， the average recoveries of these two ingredients were 100.29% （RSD 1.6%） and 99.04% （RSD 1.4%）， respectively. The limits for moisture， total ash in Belladonnae Herba should be less than 13.0% and the limit for the ethanol-soluble extract should be more than 10.0%. Due to the low content and wide variation of scopolamine hydrobromide， the content of hyoscyamine sulfate should not be less than 0.098%. ConclusionThe established method is simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Belladonnae Herba.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Buyang Huanwutang （BHD） on rehabilitation of ischemic stroke（IS） by cell membrane solid-phase chromatography and network pharmacology. MethodCell membrane solid-phase chromatography was performed to screen the specific binding components of BHD with hippocampal neurons. Targets of the specific components were retrieved based on PubChem and PharmMapper and those of IS were searched from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） and GeneCards. Then， the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed with STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.1， followed by Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of the hub genes in the PPI network. Thereby， the mechanism of BHD in promoting IS rehabilitation was clarified. ResultA total of 13 specific components were identified. The hub genes were mainly involved in the biological processes of regulation of cell proliferation， protein phosphorylation， hypoxia response， and angiogenesis， and the pathways of Forkhead box O （FoxO） signaling pathway， adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and apoptosis pathway. ConclusionBHD may promote the recovery of IS by regulating FoxO， AMPK， NF-κB， and apoptosis pathways.

Reverse prediction and molecular docking techniques were employed to evaluate the feasibility of reniformin A(RA) as an anti-tumor leading compound. Based on the reverse prediction, network pharmacology was used to construct a "disease-compound-target-pathway" network. Thirty-nine tumor-related targets of RA were predicted, which participated in the regulation of multiple cellular activities such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and tumor metastasis, and regulated estrogen signal transduction and inflammatory response. Discovery Studio 2020 was adopted for molecular docking and toxicity prediction(TOPKAT). As revealed by the results, the binding affinity of RA with the tumor-related targets ABL1, ESR1, SRC and BCL-XL was stronger than that of oridonin(OD), while its mutagenicity, rodent carcinogenesis, and oral LD_(50) in rats were all inferior to that of OD. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the anti-tumor activity of RA, and the mechanism was preliminarily discussed. The results demonstrated that RA was superior to OD in cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell colony formation, and induction of apoptosis. RA, possessing potent anti-tumor activity, is expected to be a new anti-tumor leading compound.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Lead ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Rats ; Signal Transduction

In view of the current inadequate standards for Gleditsiae Spina in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, this study put forward some new items of the quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina. Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was performed for identification with the reference substance of taxifolin and the reference material of Gleditsiae Spina as the control. According to the general principles of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition, Vol. 4), the moisture, total ash content, and alcohol-soluble extract of medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Gleditsiae Spina were determined. The content determination method for medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Gleditsiae Spina was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), with taxifolin as the quality control index. Based on the determination results of 30 batches of samples of Gleditsiae Spina from different habitats, the draft quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina were developed, which provided suggestions for the revision of the quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang （CJLM） on hippocampal NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）inflammasome pathway in rats with depression. Method:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group，a model group， a MCC950 （1 mg·kg^-1） group， and high- （13 g·kg^-1）， medium- （6.5 g·kg^-1）， and low-dose （3.25 g·kg^-1） Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups， with 10 rats in each group．The depression model was induced by isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation（CUMS） in rats except for those in the normal group. Rats were treated correspondingly for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection in the MCC950 group and gavage in other groups. The normal group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. The depression-like behaviors of rats were observed by sucrose preference test （SPT） and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-18 in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain （ASC）， and Caspase-1. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate （P<0.01）， prolonged novelty-suppressed feeding time （P<0.01）， enhanced protein expression of NLRP3，ASC， and caspase-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and elevated expression of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Conclusion:CJLM can alleviate depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced model rats， and the underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway．

As a typical representative of heat-clearing and detoxifying prescriptions， Huanglian Jiedutang （HJT） has various pharmacological activities and is widely used in clinical practice. The articles concerning the effect and clinical application of HJT published in recent years were retrieved from such databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed to figure out HJT efficacy， especially in anti-inflammation， the corresponding action pathways， and its clinical application. It was found that the anti-inflammatory effect mainly resulted from HJT regulation of multiple pathways including interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathway， tumor necrosis factor （TNF） signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） signaling pathway， and neutrophil chemotaxis. The inflammatory cytokines in the serum were reduced via these pathways and thus the inflammation was inhibited. Because of its unique anti-inflammatory advantage， HJT has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， digestive system diseases， skin inflammation， sepsis， and other infectious diseases. In view of this， the paper reviewed the anti-inflammatory effect and clinical application of HJT， aiming to provide a reference for further research.

Depression is a kind of emotional and mental disorder， which is related to many pathogenic factors， such as abnormal metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters， immune inflammatory reaction， neuroendocrine disorder and so on. it has the characteristics of high disability rate and high recurrence rate， which is seriously harmful to human health. It brings huge economic burden to patients and their families. At present， the commonly used antidepressants in clinic are monoamine oxidase inhibitors， tricyclic antidepressants and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors. Long-term use causes adverse reactions such as cardiovascular， urinary and digestive dysfunction. The multi-target， multi-pathway and multi-mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine has played a great role in the treatment and rehabilitation of depression. At the same time， traditional Chinese medicine has gradually become a hot spot in the research and development of antidepressants because of its small side effects and good drug compliance. Especially the ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae with precise medication and rigorous prescription has unique advantages in the treatment of depression. For thousands of years， it has been used clinically by countless doctors in the treatment of various types of depression， with definite curative effects and few side effects. In recent years， clinical research， experimental research， and pharmacological research around ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae for depression have been continuously expanded and deepened. This article reveals the rules of medication of the treatment of depression with ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae from three aspects of Bupleurum class prescription， Gardenia class prescription， and other prescriptions， which is reflected in the study on the composition of prescription， the etiology， and pathogenesis and the symptoms of the treatment. Integrating and classifying ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae's experience in the treatment of depression， mainly expounded from two aspects， clinical research and pharmacological research， summarizing the research perspective and progress of Zhongjing prescription medicine in the treatment of depression in recent years， to excavate， inherit and develop ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae， and provide experience and reference for the treatment of depression from multiple angles and ideas.