The patient,a male newborn,was admitted to the hospital 2 hours after birth due to prematurity(gestational age 27+5 weeks)and respiratory distress occurring 2 hours postnatally.After admission,the infant developed fever and elevated C-reactive protein levels.On the fourth day after birth,metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid indicated a positive result for Mycoplasma hominis(9 898 reads).On the eighth day,a retest of cerebrospinal fluid metagenomics confirmed Mycoplasma hominis(56 806 reads).The diagnosis of purulent meningitis caused by Mycoplasma hominis was established,and the antibiotic treatment was switched to moxifloxacin[5 mg/(kg·day)]administered intravenously for a total of 4 weeks.After treatment,the patient's cerebrospinal fluid tests returned to normal,and he was discharged as cured on the 76th day after birth.This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal Mycoplasma hominis purulent meningitis,introducing the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of the condition in extremely preterm infants.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):432-436]

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. With the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes, the prevalence of HFpEF is increasing. Compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), conventional anti-heart failure drugs failed to reduce the mortality in HFpEF due to the complex pathophysiological mechanism and multiple comorbidities of HFpEF. It is known that the main changes of cardiac structure of in HFpEF are cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy, and HFpEF is commonly associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, renal dysfunction and other diseases, but how these comorbidities cause structural and functional damage to the heart is not completely clear. Recent studies have shown that immune inflammatory response plays a vital role in the progression of HFpEF. This review focuses on the latest research progress in the role of inflammation in the process of HFpEF and the potential application of anti-inflammatory therapy in HFpEF, hoping to provide new research ideas and theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment in HFpEF.
Humans ; Heart Failure ; Stroke Volume/physiology* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism* ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism* ; Inflammation/complications* ; Obesity ; Hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To explore the similarities and variations of biological phenotype and cytotoxicity of human umbilical cord blood natural killer cells (hUC- NK) after human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (hUC-MNC) activated and expanded by two in vitro high-efficient strategies. METHODS: Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy donor were enriched by Ficoll-based density gradient centrifugation. Then, the phenotype, subpopulations, cell viability and cytotoxicity of NK cells derived from Miltenyi medium (denoted as M-NK) and X-VIVO 15 (denoted as X-NK) were compared using a "3IL" strategy. RESULTS: After a 14-day's culture, the contents of CD3^-CD56⁺ NK cells were elevated from 4.25%±0.04% (d 0) to 71%±0.18% (M-NK) and 75.2%±1.1% (X-NK) respectively. Compared with X-NK group, the proportion of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD3⁺CD56⁺ NKT cells in M-NK group decreased significantly. The percentages of CD16⁺, NKG2D⁺, NKp44⁺, CD25⁺ NK cells in X-NK group was higher than those in the M-NK group, while the total number of expanded NK cells in X-NK group was half of that in M-NK group. There were no significant differences between X-NK and M-NK groups in cell proliferation and cell cycle, except for the lower percentage of Annexin V+ apoptotic cells in M-NK group. Compared with X-NK group, the proportion of CD107a⁺ NK cells in M-NK group were higher under the same effector-target ratio (E∶T) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The two strategies were adequate for high-efficient generation of NK cells with high level of activation in vitro, however, there are differences in biological phenotypes and tumor cytotoxicity.
Humans ; Fetal Blood ; Killer Cells, Natural ; T-Lymphocytes ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; CD56 Antigen/metabolism*

The potential application of dendritic cells (DC) sensitized with cytosine-phosphoric acid-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and tumor antigen as a vaccine against murine melanoma was investigated with freshly isolated mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. For the DC vaccine preparation, DC were sensitized with the B16 tumor antigen and CpG ODN was used to promote further maturation of the DC. The immunogenic activity of the vaccine was evaluated in vitro by determining the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the killing effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on B16 tumor cells. The DC vaccine was injected intraperitoneally and tumor inhibition in mice bearing B16 xenografts was examined. All mice were cared for under an approved SIMM Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol. In vitro, this DC vaccine promoted the proliferation of T lymphocytes and showed a potent killing effect on the target B16 cells. In vivo experiments showed that after treatment or pre-immunization both the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased. The DC vaccine with CpG ODN and tumor antigen exhibited an inhibitory effect against melanoma, providing a potential method for melanoma cancer treatment.

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, psoralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone in rat plasma after oral administration of Bufei Huoxue Capsules. After SD rats were administered with Bufei Huoxue Capsules suspension by gavage, blood samples were collected from the inner canthus at different time points. After protein precipitation, plasma samples were separated on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A) and water(B) containing 0.1% formic acid in gradient elution. The positive and negative ions were measured simultaneously in the multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and fitted by DAS 3.2.8. Psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, psoralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone were detected in the rat plasma after drug administration, with AUC_(0-t) of(3 357±1 348),(3 555±1 696),(3.03±0.88),(2.21±0.33),(1 787±522),(2 295±539),(5.69±1.41) and(3.40±0.75) μg·L~(-1)·h, and T_(max) of(1.56±0.62),(1.40±0.70),(0.21±0.05),(0.25±0.12),(0.26±0.11),(0.34±0.29),(0.74±0.59), and 0.25 h. The method is proved specific and repeatable and is suitable for the determination of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, pso-ralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone in the rat plasma, which can be applied to pharmacokinetic study.
Animals ; Capsules ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

Objective::To identify the active constituents of Paidu Qingzhi tablets by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique, and to reveal its potential targets and molecular mechanisms by network pharmacology. Method::Chromatography separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile for gradient elution (0-17 min, 95%-5%A; 17-17.01 min, 5%-95%A; 17.01-20 min, 95%A), the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1, the column temperature was 40 ℃. Data acquisition was carried out in electrospray ionization (ESI) under the negative ion mode, the scanning range was 50-1 200.Ingredients in Paidu Qingzhi tablets were identified according to reference substance, relative molecular weight, mass spectrometric cleavage rule and literature information. Multiple databases were used to retrieve the targets of these identified ingredients and related diseases treated by the tablets, and metabolic pathways. A visual network of " herbs-compounds-targets-pathways-diseases" was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. Result::A total of 33 active compounds in methanol extract of Paidu Qingzhi tablets were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including 27 compounds from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 4 compounds from Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, 2 compounds from Ophiopogonis Radix. Totally 18 direct targets and 58 indirect targets corresponding to 31 ingredients were obtained, 7 metabolic pathways including steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, insulin signaling pathway were strongly correlated with the treatment of hyperlipidemia, acne and simple obesity by Paidu Qingzhi tablets. Conclusion::Ingredients of Paidu Qingzhi tablets are revealed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, based on these identified ingredients, targets and related metabolic pathways are visualized by network pharmacology. The current research can provide theoretical basis for quality control and clinical application of Paidu Qingzhi tablets.