Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Pandemics ; Medicine ; Students, Medical

The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases has brought a substantial medical, social and economic burden. The development of allergology is relatively lag behind the allergy prevalence in China. Both the numbers of allergy specialty and allergist are scarce and thus the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease does not meet the needs of allergy patients. This article summarizes the status of medical education and specialty development of allergology in China and abroad. In addition, the key strategies for promoting the development of allergy education and specialty were discussed, including undergraduate and graduate education of allergology, the orientation of allergy specialty and related specialty/subspecialty, the integration of allergology into the standardized residents training system, training and certification of allergists, and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Education, Medical ; Education, Graduate ; China/epidemiology* ; Students

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory-based health education interventions on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Torch High-tech Development Zone of Zhongshan City, so as to provide insights into formulation of clonorchiasis control strategies among different types of populations. METHODS: Residents were randomly sampled from two communities and students from two primary schools using a random cluster sampling method in Torch High-tech Development Zone, Zhongshan City from 2019 to 2021, and health education pertaining to clonorchiasis control was performed based on the IKAP theory. The changes in the awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge and belief, self-reported risk of Clonorchis sinensis infections and dietary behaviors were compared among community residents and primary school students before and after health education interventions. RESULTS: The participants included 146 male and 151 female community residents and 158 male and 153 female primary school students, with no significant difference detected in gender distribution (χ² = 0.16, P > 0.05). The mean awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge increased by 44.71% and 43.28% among primary school students and community residents 6 months following health education, and there were significant differences in the awareness of each item of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge before and after health education (χ² = 41.53 to 284.44, all P values < 0.05). The proportions of primary school students and community residents thinking very high and high risks of C. sinensis infections increased from 9.35% and 6.71% before health education to 22.15% and 37.75% after health education, but only the difference of the attitudes in community residents achieve statistical significance (χ² = 92.18, P < 0.05). The frequency of separation of raw and cooked foods with chopping board and knife significantly increased among community residents and primary school students following health education (χ² = 16.04 to 62.65, all P values < 0.05). The frequency of eating raw freshwater fish (χ² = 32.85, P < 0.05), fish congee (χ² = 7.02, P < 0.05) and fish fillet hot pot (χ² = 4.88, P < 0.05) significantly reduced among primary school students following health education, while only the frequency and proportions of eating raw freshwater fish have significantly reduced in community residents (χ² = 11.77, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Health education interventions based on the IKAP theory are effective to increase the awareness of clonorchiasis control knowledge and improve dietary behaviors associated with C. sinensis infections among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City.
Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Clonorchiasis ; Cities ; Students ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Schools ; China/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Education, Medical

OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalence, risk factors and treatment of ankle sprain of young college student , in order to obtain accurate epidemiological data. METHODS: From March 2019 to May 2019, 552 college students(1 104 sides of anke joints) from Xi'an Physical Education university were enrolled in study according to inclusion and excludion standard, including 309 males and 243 females aged from 16 to 24 years old with an average of (20.9±3.7) years old. Age, gender, and body mass indes(BMI) etc were recorded. Morbidity of acute and chronic ankle sprains of physical students, treatment after the first sprain (cold compress, cast or plaster bracing and medicine), visual analogue scale (VAS) during walking were assessed through ankle sprain questionnaire;Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), Maryland foot score were applied to assess ankle function. Lateral ankle ligament injury was objectively assessed by musculoskeletal ultrasonography. RESULTS: The prevalence of acute ankle sprain(AAS) was 96.20% (531/552), and the incidence of AAS was 59.96% (622/1 104). The prevalence of chronic ankle joint instability(CAI) was 16.85% (93/552), and the incidence of CAI was 8.97% (99/1 104). In the four categories of sports, college student suffered from multiple sprains in performance majors group was 22.20% (14/63), including of aerobicsand dance performance. The incidence of AAS of ball sports was 8.60%(14/163). After the first sprain, most college students(94.4%) were received cold compression, about 60% of them went to hospital;however, only 44.7% students were received standard treatmens(cast or plaster), only 35.3% of them were received hard ankle orthosis. In 552 college students, 44 students were suffered from more than 4 times of ankle sprain, and the total incidence was 7.97% (44/552). Cumberland score was 26.6±2.4, Cumberland score of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was (29.2±1.1), suggested it was a risk factor for ankle joint instability. VAS of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was higher than that of less than 4 times(P<0.05), Maryland foot score was significantly lower than that of that of <4 times(P<0.05). Musculoskeletal ultrasonography measured the thickness of anterior tibiofibular ligament(ATFL) was (2.41±0.41) mm, and the thickness of calcaneofibular ligament(CFL) was (1.92±0.21) mm, and had no statistical difference(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Ninty-four percent college students had at least once ankle sprain, ankle sprains were more common in erobics and ball sports. After the first sprain, the proportion of cast or plaster treatment was less than 50%. Sprained ankle joint more than 4 times is a risk factor, and musculoskeletal ultrasonography showed thickening of both ATFL and CFL, while no statstical difference.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Joint Instability/epidemiology* ; Physical Education and Training ; Universities ; Ankle Injuries/therapy*

Objective: To study the correlation between ceramic and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore its related risk factors. Methods: In January 2021, five representative ceramic enterprises were selected from Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Gaoming District and Sanshui District of Foshan City. The ceramic workers who came to Chancheng Hospital of Foshan First People's Hospital for physical examination from January to October 2021 were selected as the research objects, and 525 people were included. Conduct questionnaire survey and pulmonary function test. Logistic regresion was performed to analyze the influencing facters of COPD among ceramic workers. Results: The subjects were (38.51±1.25) years old, 328 males and 197 females, and the detection rate of COPD was 9.52% (50/525). The incidence of respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing and chest tightness, the detection rates of abnormal lung age, abnormal lung function and COPD in males were higher than those in females (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that male, age, working years, smoking status and family history of COPD were the risk factors for COPD among ceramic workers (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The ceramic workers are the high risk population of COPD. We should do a good job in health education, and do a regular physical examination to find the changes of lung function in time, and prevent the occurrence of COPD as soon as possible.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Ceramics ; Health Education ; Hospitals ; Physical Examination

The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases has brought a substantial medical, social and economic burden. The development of allergology is relatively lag behind the allergy prevalence in China. Both the numbers of allergy specialty and allergist are scarce and thus the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease does not meet the needs of allergy patients. This article summarizes the status of medical education and specialty development of allergology in China and abroad. In addition, the key strategies for promoting the development of allergy education and specialty were discussed, including undergraduate and graduate education of allergology, the orientation of allergy specialty and related specialty/subspecialty, the integration of allergology into the standardized residents training system, training and certification of allergists, and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Education, Medical ; Education, Graduate ; China/epidemiology* ; Students

COVID-19/transmission* ; Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration* ; Education, Distance/organization & administration* ; Education, Medical/organization & administration* ; Humans ; Otolaryngology/organization & administration* ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Telemedicine/organization & administration*

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Field Epidemiology Fellowship Programme in the Western Pacific Region aims to strengthen countries’ capacities for surveillance and risk assessment and build a workforce to tackle public health emergencies. A survey was conducted to assess the on-the-job training experience of the Regional Fellows, evaluate the strengths of the Programme and gain feedback on areas for improvement. Methods: Between 25 September and 25 October 2018, an online survey was sent to Regional Fellows who had participated in the Programme between July 2006 and September 2018. The survey was shared with WHO country offices in the Western Pacific Region and directly with graduates of the Programme. Responses were recorded electronically and analysed. Results: A total of 53 former Regional Fellows responded (54% response rate; 53/98). At the time of Programme participation, the Fellows’ median age was 35, 62% (33/53) were female and 72% (38/53) were affiliated with a national or subnational health department. Fellows gained experience in event-based surveillance and risk assessment and worked among a diverse group of professionals in various Member States. Altogether, 77% (41/53) of respondents believed that the Programme had helped them move into a better career position with greater responsibility. Ninety-four percent (50/53) would recommend the Programme to their colleagues. Discussion Alumni from the Western Pacific Region’s Field Epidemiology Fellowship Programme perform key health security roles, particularly within governmental systems, and directly contribute to managing health emergencies in their countries, in the Region and globally. The Programme is building a workforce with surge capacity to ensure that public health events in the Region can be addressed. Furthermore, connections developed through the Programme are helping to develop an alumni network, and enhance communications among Member States and between Member States and WHO.
*Epidemiology/education

PURPOSE: Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016. METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0. RESULTS: In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8% single and 60.2% married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8%) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1% of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1% had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9% had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4% had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Automobile Driving ; Cause of Death ; Cell Phone Use/adverse effects* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Iran/epidemiology* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Risk ; Smoking/adverse effects* ; Young Adult