Severe open injury of lower limbs is complex and difficult to cure in a short time,which can lead to serious infection,amputation and so on.For the treatment of open injury,wound repair is extremely important.A variety of new technologies such as new dressings,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),and vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)have recently been applied to lower limb wound repair,which can not only improve the functional prognosis and aesthetic effect,but also improve the quality of wound healing.This review will summarize the research progress of wound repair methods for open injury of lower limbs,so as to further guide clinical application.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of a retrograde pubic ramus intramedullary nail (RPRIN) in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 14 patients with anterior pelvic ring fracture who had been treated and followed up at Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital From June 2020 to February 2021. There were 10 males and 4 females with an age of (44.8±12.5) years. By the AO/OTA classification for pelvic fractures, 5 cases were type 61-A, 4 cases 61-B, and 5 cases type 61-C; by the Nakatani classification, 1 case belonged to unilateral zone Ⅰ fracture, 5 cases to unilateral zone Ⅱ fracture, 2 cases to unilateral zone Ⅲ fracture, 3 cases to right zone Ⅱ and left zone Ⅲ fracture, 2 cases to zone Ⅲ fracture on both left and right sides, and 1 case to zone Ⅱ fracture on both sides. The time from injury to operation was (7.8±1.8) days. All the anterior pelvic ring fractures were fixated with a RPRIN. The time and fluoroscopic frequency for placement of every single RPRIN, quality of fracture reduction, and pelvic function and incidence of postoperative complications at the last follow-up were recorded.Results:A total of 18 RPRINs were placed in the 14 patients. For placement of each RPRIN, the time was (35.9±8.6) min, and the fluoroscopic frequency (22.8±1.9) times. No complications such as infection occurred at any surgical incision after RPRIN placement. According to the Matta scoring, the quality of postoperative fracture reduction was assessed as excellent in 7 cases, as good in 5 cases and as fair in 2 cases. The 14 patients were followed up for (18.1+1.5) months. Their X-ray and CT images of the pelvis at the last follow-up showed that the fractures healed well and the intramedullary nails were placed in the cortical bone of the anterior ring of the pelvis. According to the Majeed scoring at the last follow-up, the pelvic function was assessed as excellent in 10 cases, as good in 3 cases and as fair in 1 case. One patient reported discomfort during squatting 2 months after operation but the symptom improved 3 months later without any special treatment. No patient experienced such complications as displacement or slippage of RPRIN, or pain at the insertion site.Conclusion:RPRIN is effective in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures, showing advantages of small surgical incision, limited intraoperative fluoroscopy and short operation time.

Objective To investigate the effects of cisplatin on the expression of nucleotide － binding oligomerization domain－like receptor(NOD) 1 and 2 in human osteosarcoma SaOS－2 cell line,and to explore the mechanism of cisplatin in the treatment of human osteosarcoma. Methods CCK－8 assay,real－time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( qRT － PCR ) and immumofluorescence methods were used to determine the growth survival rate and expression levels of NOD1 and NOD2 in osteosarcoma SaOS －2 cell line treated with cisplatin (0,5,10,20 μmol/L,named group S0,group S5,group S10,group S20,respectively) for 24, 48,72 hours. Results After treatment with cisplatin for 48 h or 72 h,the growth survival rates of SaOS－2 cells were significantly decreased in group S5 than those in group S0(65. 53% vs. 100. 00%;46. 43% vs. 100. 00%,χ2=8. 64,73. 97,all P＜0. 01). Moreover,after treatment with cisplatin for 24 h,48 h or 72 h,the growth survival rates of SaOS－2 cells were significantly decreased in group S10 or group S20 than those in group S0(80. 60% vs. 100. 00% , 42. 94 vs. 100. 00% ,27. 90% vs. 100. 00% ;62. 54% vs. 100. 00% ,33. 09% vs. 100. 00% ,22. 95% vs. 100. 00% , χ2=20. 99,79. 72,112. 50;45. 40,67. 56,125. 20,all P＜0. 01),and the growth survival rates were significantly lower in group S20 than those in group S5(62. 54% vs. 93. 78% ,33. 09% vs. 65. 53% ,22. 95% vs. 46. 43% ,χ2= 28. 47,21. 78,11. 71,all P ＜0. 01). The expression levels of NOD1 mRNA and NOD2 mRNA in group S5 were significantly increased at 48 h or 72 h than those at 24 h,and were higher than group S0 when treated with 5μmol/L cisplatin[(3. 64 ± 0. 44) vs. (4. 47 ± 1. 22) vs. (1. 79 ± 0. 44) vs (1. 00 ± 0. 00);(6. 88 ± 2. 79) vs. (6. 86 ± 2. 40) vs (2. 29 ± 0. 70) vs. (1. 00 ± 0. 00),F=29. 12,24. 11,all P＜0. 01]. And the expression levels of NOD1 protein had an increased tendency after 48 h or 72 h treatment with 5μmol/L cisplatin. Furthermore,the expression level of NOD1 mRNA was positively correlated with NOD2 mRNA(n=36,r=0. 92,P＜0. 01). Conclusion Cisplatin can elevate the function of osteosarcoma cell in a dose － and time － dependent manners, cisplatin may act as a efficient drug to cure osteosarcoma desease,which may be related to NOD1 and NOD2 signal pathway.

PURPOSE: Nursing students experience a high degree of perceived stress during skills training. The resulting academic sentiment is worthy of research. This study examined the learning motivation as a mediator in the association between perceived stress and positive deactivating academic emotions in nursing students undergoing skills training. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 386 third-year undergraduate nursing students at a university in Changchun, China, in 2017. The survey included the items on perceived stress, learning motivation during nursing skill training, and general academic emotion. There were 381 valid responses (response rate=98.7%). Based on the results of partial correlation and stepwise multiple regression equations, the study examined the mediation model between perceived stress, learning motivation and positive-deactivating academic emotions using process 2.16 (a plug-in specifically used to test mediation or moderation effect in SPSS). RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between students' perceived stress and learning motivation during nursing skills training and positive-deactivating academic emotions. Nervousness, loss of control, and interest in developing reputation had significant predictive effects on positive-deactivating academic emotions. The mediating model was well supported. CONCLUSION: Learning motivation during nursing skills training lessened the damage of perceived stress on positive-deactivating academic emotions. Improving students' motivation to learn could reduce their perceived stress and build more positive emotions. Positive emotions during learning played an important role in helping nursing students improve skills and enhance their nursing competence.
Anxiety ; China ; Humans ; Learning ; Mental Competency ; Motivation ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: Nursing students experience a high degree of perceived stress during skills training. The resulting academic sentiment is worthy of research. This study examined the learning motivation as a mediator in the association between perceived stress and positive deactivating academic emotions in nursing students undergoing skills training. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 386 third-year undergraduate nursing students at a university in Changchun, China, in 2017. The survey included the items on perceived stress, learning motivation during nursing skill training, and general academic emotion. There were 381 valid responses (response rate=98.7%). Based on the results of partial correlation and stepwise multiple regression equations, the study examined the mediation model between perceived stress, learning motivation and positive-deactivating academic emotions using process 2.16 (a plug-in specifically used to test mediation or moderation effect in SPSS). RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between students' perceived stress and learning motivation during nursing skills training and positive-deactivating academic emotions. Nervousness, loss of control, and interest in developing reputation had significant predictive effects on positive-deactivating academic emotions. The mediating model was well supported. CONCLUSION Learning motivation during nursing skills training lessened the damage of perceived stress on positive-deactivating academic emotions. Improving students' motivation to learn could reduce their perceived stress and build more positive emotions. Positive emotions during learning played an important role in helping nursing students improve skills and enhance their nursing competence.

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of new generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Nursing methods and clinical data of 42 patients who received OCT during PCI were retrospectively summarized.Results After OCT,the incidence rate of blood vessel complications such as coronary artery spasm,slow coronary blood flow were 7.1％.All the complications were relieved after intracoronary nitroglycerin injection,and no chest pain and ECG changes were observed.No complications such as acute heart failure,malignant arrhythmia,and coronary artery dissection were seen,and no contrast nephropathy after surgery was observed after reasonable hydration and nursing cooperation.Conclusion The new generation OCT can accurately determinate the characteristics of coronary artery lesions without blocking coronary flow,and the skilled coordination and strict observation of perioperative nursing are important factors for OCT examination.

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of new generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Nursing methods and clinical data of 42 patients who received OCT during PCI were retrospectively summarized.Results After OCT,the incidence rate of blood vessel complications such as coronary artery spasm,slow coronary blood flow were 7.1％.All the complications were relieved after intracoronary nitroglycerin injection,and no chest pain and ECG changes were observed.No complications such as acute heart failure,malignant arrhythmia,and coronary artery dissection were seen,and no contrast nephropathy after surgery was observed after reasonable hydration and nursing cooperation.Conclusion The new generation OCT can accurately determinate the characteristics of coronary artery lesions without blocking coronary flow,and the skilled coordination and strict observation of perioperative nursing are important factors for OCT examination.

Objective To investigate the potential roles of nucleotide -binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor in the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods Through rat asthma model,24 rats were randomly divided into three groups on average,named asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group.Expression levels of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA were detected by Real -time PCR in lung tissues.Results The expression levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.62 ±0.34)RQ value,(1 .00 ± 0.00)RQ value,(0.65 ±0.33 )RQ value respectively.The levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group(F =4.75,P <0.05 ),while there was no statistically significant difference of NOD1 mRNA level between the dexamethasone group and asthma group(P >0.05).Moreover,expression levels of NOD2 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.92 ±0.32)RQ value, (1 .00 ±0.00)RQ value,(1 .50 ±0.56)RQ value,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference of NOD2 mRNA level between the asthma group and control group (P >0.05 ),but level of NOD2 mRNA in the dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in the asthma group(F =5.64,P <0.01 ).And there was no significant correlation between level of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA(r =0.1 5,P >0.05).Conclusion Expression of NOD -like receptor subtype was not at the same level,and their reaction to dexamethasone were different either.

Objective To investigate the potential roles of pattern recognition receptor in the pathogenesis of asthma,the concentrations of serum nucleotide -binding oligomerization domain like receptors 1 (NOD1 )and Toll like receptor 1(TLR1)and Dectin and sCD14 protein were determined.Methods Blood samples were obtained from 45 cases of severe asthma(asthma group)during acute attack and convalescent period,the concentrations of serum NOD1,TLR1,Dectin and sCD14 protein were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and compared with 30 healthy children(control group).Results The concentrations of NOD1,TLR1,Dectin and sCD14 protein were significantly higher in acute attack period of the asthma group[(65.53 ±19.95)ng/mL,(10.46 ±3.35)ng/mL, (80.38 ±19.51)ng/mL,(4.51 ±1.29)ng/mL]than those in the control group[(25.57 ±9.64)ng/mL,(5.54 ± 1.49)ng/mL,(47.37 ±15.16)ng/mL,(2.21 ±0.68)ng/mL](t =11.57,8.63,7.82,9.95,all P <0.01).Moreo-ver,the concentrations of serum NOD1,Dectin and sCD14 protein were dramatically decreased in convalescent period of the asthma group[(39.67 ±11.25)ng/mL,(60.04 ±16.76)ng/mL,(3.38 ±0.97)ng/mL]compared with acute asthma attack period(t =8.19,6.32,5.42,all P <0.01),while the concentration of serum TLR1 was not different between this two period (9.51 ±3.19)ng/mL(t =1.27,P >0.05).Furthermore,level of NOD1 was positively corre-lated with sCD14(r =0.49,P <0.01).Conclusion Levels of serum NOD1,TLR1,Dectin and sCD14 protein were increased in acute severe asthma,whereas,they were decreased in convalescent period.The elevation of them indicated that pattern recognition reception has synergistic function in the pathogenesis of asthma attack.

Aim To investigate whether pioglitazone has protective effect against glutamate induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons and its possible molecular mechanisms underlying pioglitazone's neuroprotective effects.Methods The cortical neurons were taken from newborn rats and used for experiments 7 days after culture.The neurons were randomly divided into control group;glutamate group; glutamate+piogli-tazone group;glutamate+SP600125 group;SP600125 group.Cell viability was determined by MTT.The morphology change of neurons was observed under a fluorescence microscope with fluorescence dye Hoechst 33258.Immunostaining was used to investigate the expression of phospho-ATF2 in neuronal cells.Western blot was performed to investigate the protein level of phospho-JNK1 and total JNK1.Results Pioglitazone markedly reduced the damage of cortical neurons caused by glutamate.Pioglitazone also significantly inhibited glutamate induced up-regulation of phospho-JNK1 protein level and phospho-ATF2 expression.SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, antagonized the toxicity induced by glutamate.Conclusions Pioglitazone can protect cultured cortical neurons from glutamate induced damage.The protective effect of pioglitazone appears to be associated with inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathway.