The working principle and development of flexible semiconductor devices based on organic field effect transistor(OFET)technology were introduced.The current research status of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were reviewed,including biomechanical monitoring devices,tattoo biomonitoring devices and cellular detection devices and etc.The deficiencies of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were analyzed,and it's pointed out that miniaturization,personalization and diversification were the directions for the development of the future OFET-based wearable flexible moni-toring devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):93-100]

Objective To investigate the Gram-positive coccus resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Methods All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 1 974 pathogenic Gram-positive coccus from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,the prevalence of methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin resistant Stapylococcus epidermidis(MRSE)were 36.4％and 79.9％respectively.No vancomycin insensitivity Staphylococcus was detected.Staphylococcus aureus were 100％susceptibility to linezolid and teicoplanin.Antibiotic resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin were 3.1％and 92.9％.The detectation rate of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus(VRE)was 1.6％.Nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 32.2％,two consecutive monitoring rises and nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecium(12.5％)was also significantly increased.The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae(PNSSP)was 0.8％based on non-meningitis and parenteral administration criterion,decrease of nearly 30 percentage points from the previous surveillance.While for cases of oral penicillin,the rate was 71.8％,showing similar to last time.The results indicated that the number of strains with higher MIC value of penicillin(MIC ≥4 mg·L-1)decreased significantly.There were no significant differences of resistance rates of Stapylococcus aureus,Stapylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae among various groups such as different department,age,or specimen source.Conclusion VRE detection ratio stablized at a relatively low level.The number of Streptococcus pneumoniae with higher MIC value of penicillin decreased significantly compared with the previous monitoring.The increase of linezolidin-insensitive Enterococcus was noteworthy.

Objective To investigate the Gram-negative bacteria resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Method All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 4 066 pathogenic isolates from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)phenotype rates of 55.0％and 21.0％,respectively,ESBLs phenotype rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae keep going down.The ratios of carbapenems resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae increased by 5 percentage points compared with the previous monitoring.Carbapenems,moxalactam,sitafloxacin,β-lactam combination agents,fosfomycin trometamol,and amikacin displayed desirable antibacterial activity against Enterbacterales,susceptibal rates were above 75％.In addition,tigacycline,omacycline,colistin and fluoxefin maintained good antibacterial activity against their respective effective bacteria/species,and the bacterial sensitivity rates by more than 80％.Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannnii to imipenem were 26.3％and 72.1％and multidrug-resistant(MDR)detection rates were 41.1％and 77.3％,extensively drug-resistant(XDR)were 12.0％and 71.8％,respectively.Comparison of drug resistance rates from different wards,ages and specimen sources indicated that the proportion of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit(ICU)were significantly higher than non-ICU.Carbapenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ICU were more than 35％.Resistance rates of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in children to β-lactam,macrolide,clindamycin and ESBLs detection rate in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from children were more than those from adults and the old people,so bacterial resistance in children is an important problem in China.Conclusion ESBLs detection rate of Escherichia coli increased slightly after years of continuous decline.The proportion of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was stable,but the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was still increased,which should be paid more attention.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, but so far no study has indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into alveolar epithelial cells through long-term Transwell co-culture. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether rat lung epithelial-T-antigen negative cell lines (RLE-6TN) can induce rat ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells by long-term Transwell co-culture. METHODS: Three SPF health female Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors to separate, extract, culture and identity ADSCs. The experimental group was subjected to the Transwell co-culture of ADSCs and RLE-6TN, while the control group was subjected to the culture of ADSCs alone. The morphological changes of ADSCs were observed by the inverted phase contrast microscope at 21 days after co-culture. Immunofluorescence staining using surfactant protein C (SP-C) was performed on the co-cultured ADSCs. The fluorescence staining was observed using the inverted fluorescence microscope. Integral optical density (IOD) analysis was conducted by Image pro plus 6.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RLE-6TN cells were identified by fluorescence staining with stable expression of SP-C protein (red fluorescence) in the experimental group, and there was no red fluorescence in the control group. After 21-day co-culture, the cell shape in the experimental group was transformed from the long spindle shape into oval or polygon shape gradually, while the cell shape in the control group remained fibroblast-like. These results show that RLE-6TN can induce ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells after a long-term (21 days) co-culture.

The protective action and the relevant mechanism of Liuwei Wuling tablet on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice were investigated. All the C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into 7 groups including blank, model, bifendate (150 mg•kg⁻¹, positive control) and experimental groups consisted of extremely low dose (0.1 g•kg⁻¹), low (0.5 g•kg⁻¹), upper (4 g•kg⁻¹) and high dose (8 g•kg⁻¹) of Liuwei Wuling tablet groups. The acute liver injury model was induced by modified method that the model, positive control and experimental groups were orally administrated 56% alcohol (6 g•kg⁻¹) twice at 12 hour intervals on the fifth day after drugs administration. After 12 hours, the mice were sacrificed to contribute blood and liver for biochemical and histological examinations. Compared with the model, the activities of ALT and AST in serum decreased significantly in different Liuwei Wuling tablet groups. Meanwhile, in liver tissue, the levels of TG, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β reduced obviously while the GSH and SOD activities showed markedly increase with a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, the microscopically pathological differences of the liver tissue observed by HE and oil red O staining indicated that the liver cell swelling, hydropic degeneration and lipid droplets formation induced by alcohol were significantly improved, which suggested the Liuwei Wuling tablet can reduce the liver injure. In conclusion, the Liuwei Wuling tablet had the protective effect on acute alcoholic hepatic injury which maybe depended on the mechanism of relieving lipid peroxidation, elevating antioxidant enzymes activity, inhibiting oxidative stress and reducing inflammation factors expression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Flurbiprofen ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Molar, Third ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Patient Satisfaction ; Preoperative Care ; Prospective Studies ; Tooth Extraction ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of continuation of aspirin before tooth extraction in the elderly.

METHODSThe patients enrolled in this study were the elderly requiring a single non-impacted tooth extraction. 300 elderly outpatients used lidocaine local infiltration anesthesia, 200 patients without using aspirin before tooth extraction served as control group I, 100 patients with prolong use of aspirin before tooth extraction as observation group I. 300 elderly outpatients used compound articaine local infiltration anesthesia, 200 patients without using aspirin before tooth extraction served as control group II, 100 patients with prolong use of aspirin before tooth extraction as observation group II.Bleedings at 5, 10, 30 min, 24 h after tooth extraction were observed and the relationship between postoperative bleeding and intake of aspirin was analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference at 5, 10, 30 min, 24 h in postoperative bleeding after extraction between control group I and observation group. The incidence of bleeding of observation group II after tooth extraction at 5 min was higher than that of control group II and there was no significant difference at 10, 30 min, 24 h between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSContinuation of aspirin have no influence on postoperative bleeding. Therefore we suggest that there was no indication to discontinue aspirin for the elderly before a single non-impacted tooth extraction.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia, Local ; Aspirin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Tooth Extraction ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the feasibility of continuing warfarin when international normalized ratio (INR) was less than 2.5 before tooth extraction in the elderly.Methods One hundred elderly outpatients with prolong use of warfarin and maintaining INR ＜ 2.5 before tooth extraction served as observation group,200 elderly outpatients without taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet medicine served as control group.All the patients underwent a single non-impacted tooth extraction.Postoperative bleeding at different time was observed.Results There was significant difference in postoperative bleeding at 5,10,30 min,24 h after extraction and there was no significant difference at 48 h between control group and observation group(P ＜0.05)and no bleeding was found in either group at 48 h(incidence of bleeding were 0％).Conclusions It was feasible to continue warfarin for the elderly maintaining INR ＜ 2.5 undergoing a single non-impacted tooth extraction by monitoring postoperative bleeding and hemostatic treatment measures.

Objective To study the genotype distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from posthepatitic cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection.Methods E.coli were isolated in bloodstream from patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis between January and December in 2011.The strains were identified by VITEK-Ⅱ.The antibiol susceptibility tests were performed with K-B method.β-lactamases genes were detected multi-PCR,PCR,sequence and blast.Results A total of 79 non-duplicate clinical isolates of E coli were consecutively collected from liver cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection.There were 20 isolates produced TEM-1 type β-lactamases and 1 isolate produced SHV-1 typeβ-lactamases.40 clinical isolates were detected to produce CTX-M type ESBLs,there were 20 CTX-M-1 group and 26 CTX-M-9 group,including 6 stains habouring both CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 group.Eight CTX-M genotypes were confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products,including CTX-M-3,CTX-M-14,CTX-M-15,CTX-M-24,CTX-M-28,CTX-M-31,CTX-M-65 and CTX-M-79.Conclusion CTX-M genotype ESBLs was the most popular extended-spectrum β-lactamases in E.coli isolated from liver cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection.The CTX-M-14 is the dominant epidemic type.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteoclast-related cytokines in the endothelium cell under co-culture with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods Three pairs of cell lines were co-cultured in a transwell membrane-separated wells.They were EOMA and SCC Ⅶ,cell lines from mouse; Tca8113 and HUVEC-2,cell lines from human; cells digested from the specimen of OSCC and umbilic vein.The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) in endothelium cells was examined by immnohistochemistry before and after co-culture.Results There were RANKL positive endothelium cells after co-culure with OSCC in all the three pairs of co-culture system.Conclusions The OSCC cells could induce endothelium cells to express osteoclast related cytokines that would promote the differentiation and activation of osteoclast.This might be part of the mechanism of bone invasion in OSCC patients.