No abstract available.
Ecotoxicology* ; Korea*

Epigenetics, potentially heritable changes in genome function that occur without alterations to DNA sequence, is an important but understudied component of ecotoxicology studies. A wide spectrum of environmental challenge, such as temperature, stress, diet, toxic chemicals, are known to impact on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Although the role of epigenetic factors in certain biological processes, such as tumourigenesis, has been heavily investigated, in ecotoxicology field, epigenetics still have attracted little attention. In ecotoxicology, potential role of epigenetics in multi- and transgenerational phenomenon to environmental stressors needs to be unrevealed. Natural variation in the epigenetic profiles of species in responses to environmental stressors, nature of dose-response relationships for epigenetic effects, and how to incorporate this information into ecological risk assessment should also require attentions. In this review, we presented the available information on epigenetics in ecotoxicological context. For this, we have conducted a systemic review on epigenetic profiling in response to environmental stressors, mostly chemical exposure, in model organisms, as well as, in ecotoxicologically relevant wildlife species.
Attention ; Base Sequence ; Biological Processes ; Diet ; Ecotoxicology* ; Epigenomics* ; Genome ; Risk Assessment

Epigenetics, potentially heritable changes in genome function that occur without alterations to DNA sequence, is an important but understudied component of ecotoxicology studies. A wide spectrum of environmental challenge, such as temperature, stress, diet, toxic chemicals, are known to impact on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Although the role of epigenetic factors in certain biological processes, such as tumourigenesis, has been heavily investigated, in ecotoxicology field, epigenetics still have attracted little attention. In ecotoxicology, potential role of epigenetics in multi- and transgenerational phenomenon to environmental stressors needs to be unrevealed. Natural variation in the epigenetic profiles of species in responses to environmental stressors, nature of dose-response relationships for epigenetic effects, and how to incorporate this information into ecological risk assessment should also require attentions. In this review, we presented the available information on epigenetics in ecotoxicological context. For this, we have conducted a systemic review on epigenetic profiling in response to environmental stressors, mostly chemical exposure, in model organisms, as well as, in ecotoxicologically relevant wildlife species.
Attention ; Base Sequence ; Biological Processes ; Diet ; Ecotoxicology ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Risk Assessment

No abstract available.
Ecotoxicology ; Korea

No abstract available.
Ecotoxicology* ; Humidifiers* ; Public Health* ; Self-Examination*

No abstract available.
Ecotoxicology* ; Humidifiers* ; Public Health* ; Self-Examination*

Ecotoxicology ; methods ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Toxicogenetics ; methods

Arsenic ; toxicity ; Arsenic Poisoning ; Ecotoxicology

Carcinogens, Environmental ; Ecotoxicology ; Neoplasms ; etiology

OBJECTIVES: Chironomus riparius, a non-biting midge (Chironomidae, Diptera), is extensively used as a model organism in aquatic ecotoxicological studies, and considering the potential of C. riparius larvae as a bio-monitoring species, little is known about its genome sequences. This study reports the results of an Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) sequencing project conducted on C. riparius larvae using 454 pyrosequencing. METHODS: To gain a better understanding of C. riparius transcriptome, we generated ESTs database of C. ripairus using pyrosequencing method. RESULTS: Sequencing runs, using normalized cDNA collections from fourth instar larvae, yielded 20,020 expressed sequence tags, which were assembled into 8,565 contigs and 11,455 singletons. Sequence analysis was performed by BlastX search against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide (nr) and uniprot protein database. Based on the gene ontology classifications, 24% (E-value < or =1(-5)) of the sequences had known gene functions, 24% had unknown functions and 52% of sequences did not match any known sequences in the existing database. Sequence comparison revealed 81% of the genes have homologous genes among other insects belonging to the order Diptera providing tools for comparative genome analyses. Targeted searches using these annotations identified genes associated with essential metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, detoxification of toxic metabolites and stress response genes of ecotoxicological interest. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from this study would eventually make ecotoxicogenomics possible in a truly environmentally relevant species, such as, C. riparius.
Biotechnology ; Chironomidae ; Databases, Protein ; Diptera ; DNA, Complementary ; Ecotoxicology ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Genome ; Insects ; Larva ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Sequence Analysis ; Transcriptome