Migraine is a common primary headache,which is the second leading cause of disability worldwide,espe-cially resistant and refractory migraine.Treatments for migraine are diverse.This article summarizes the progress in the prevention and treatment of resistant and refractory migraine,aiming to promote clinicians'understanding of such types of migraine.

Headache is a common disease of the nervous system,with a high risk of disability,but currently the di-agnosis rate of headache remains at a relatively low level,mainly relying on the self-treatment by patients.In recent years,as headache diseases attract more attention,headache nurses are playing an increasingly important role in the management of headache patients,and headache nursing has become an important link in improving the prognosis of patients.This ar-ticle mainly introduces the importance and necessity of headache nursing in the management of headache patients.

Objective To investigate the association between stress and primary headache in nursing staff and the methods for managing such headache. Methods A semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 225 nursing staff members in a grade A tertiary teaching hospital in Changchun, Jilin, China. A total of 32 items were measured, including basic information, headache-and stress-related questions, job satisfaction, and coping strategies. According to the International Headache Society criteria, headache patients with migraine or episodic tension-type headache （with attacks for less than 15 days a month） were included for analysis. The Student's t-test, a one-way analysis of variance, and the chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results Among the 210 respondents, 103 （48.9%） reported the experience of primary headache in the previous year, and 98 （46.7%） experienced episodic headache （less than 15 days a month）. Detailed neurological interviews of the latter group showed that 56 respondents （26.5%） had migraine, 28 （13.3%） had tension-type headache, 11 （5.2%） had a combination of migraine and tension-type headache, and 4 （1.9%） had headache due to other causes. There were no significant differences in demographic data between headache patients and non-headache patients, although there was a significant difference in self-reported sources of stress between the two groups （individual P values ranging from 0.021 to <0.001）. The patients with headache experienced greater job-related stress than the individuals without headache （P<0.001）. The nursing staff members with a younger age, less experience, an unmarried status, and a lower educational level tended to report higher levels of stress. Treatment methods for headaches included sleep, medication, rest, medical consultation, and psychological help. Nurses often used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. Conclusion The results show that work stress is associated with primary headache among nursing staff, and nurses seldom seek help at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, education on how to alleviate stress and cope with headache for nursing staff may help them provide better care to patients.

Aging is a natural process accompanied with a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. With an aging population, more and more elderly people are suffering from cognitive impairment. Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on cognitive function during aging. Recently, it has been discovered that neurovascular coupling (NVC), a mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow, may play a significant role in aging-related cognitive impairment. NVC responses regulate the supply of energy substances and oxygen during brain activity, which in turn enhances cognitive function. However, as people grow older, NVC responses gradually weaken, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying aging-induced cognitive impairment. Given the important role of NVC responses in the brain, it is necessary to search for intervention methods that can improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function. Exercise is an effective means to delay aging and improve cognitive function. It also has a certain promoting effect on NVC responses. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of NVC responses, the relationship between NVC responses and cognitive function, and explores the effects of aging and exercise intervention on NVC responses, hoping to provide new research ideas for exercise intervention to improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function in the elderly.
Humans ; Aged ; Neurovascular Coupling/physiology* ; Aging ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology* ; Cognition ; Brain

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of measles cases and the influencing factors of transmission of measles among floating children in Shenzhen. Methods Descriptive study was conducted in data which were collected from the report system of statutory infectious diseases from 2016 to 2018 in Shenzhen. Case-control study was conducted between 89 cases and relative controls. Results A total of 108 measles cases in floating children were reported from 2016 to 2018, and the incidence trend showed a year-on-year decline( 2trend=68.35, P<0.001). Analysis showed that nosocomial exposure in 7 to 21 days ago(OR=7.80, 95% CI:3.51-17.35, P<0.001), having been to the crowded places(OR=3.37, 95% CI:1.52-7.47, P=0.002), having contact history of fever-rash patients(OR=4.57, 95% CI:1.41-14.84, P=0.007) were influencing factors of transmission of measles among floating children, and immunization at the prescribed time(OR=0.12, 95% CI:0.04-0.32, P<0.001) was a protective factor for measles. Conclusions Vaccination must be strengthened for floating children. Medical institutions should avoid becoming a key place for measles transmission, and need to strengthen health education.

BACKGROUNDInternal metallic stents have been widely used in clinical practice, but a high postoperative restenosis rate limits its application. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrabiliary radiation on muscle formation and biliary duct remodeling after biliary duct balloon injury in dogs.

METHODSTwenty male dogs (15 - 20 kg) were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Balloon overstretching injury was induced using a balloon catheter placed across the biliary duct. Subsequently, a 103Pd radioactive stent was positioned at the target site in each animal in the treatment group, providing the injured biliary duct with a radiation dose of 12.58 x 10(7) Bq. Dogs in the control group received Ni-Ti stents. All the dogs were killed one month after initial injury. The injured sections were dissected free from the dogs, and were processed for histological and morphological study. Cross-sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoef-van Giesen. Muscle formation area and lumen area were determined using a computer-assisted image analysis system.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, 103Pd radioactive stents significantly reduced muscle formation area (78.3%, P < 0.01), and percentage area of stenosis [control stents: (60.0 +/- 21.6)%, 103Pd radioactive stents: (31.6 +/- 9.5)%]. In addition, in the treatment group, the biliary duct lumen area was significantly larger than that in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS103Pd radioactive stents providing a radioactive dose of 12.58 x 10(7) Bq are effective in reducing muscle formation and biliary duct remodeling after balloon overstretching injury.

Animals ; Bile Ducts ; pathology ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Dogs ; Male ; Muscle Development ; radiation effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; radiation effects ; Palladium ; administration & dosage ; Radioisotopes ; administration & dosage ; Random Allocation ; Stents ; adverse effects