PURPOSE: To Compare the improvement of erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as well as the efficacy of mirodenalfil 50mg once daily and 100mg on-demand in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study was done with 220 patients who had BPH and ED from June 2013 to October 2014. Out of 220 individuals, 260 met inclusion criteria and 204 finished the research. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had mirodenafil 50mg once daily and Group 2 had mirodenafil 100mg on-demand. The five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Qmax, and residual urine volume(PVR) were assessed immediately before initiation of treatment (V1) and after four (V2) and twelve weeks of treatment (V3). RESULTS: No difference of IIEF-5, IPSS, Qmax, and PVR between two groups in V1. At V3, both groups had improvements of IPSS and group 1 had better improvements (-5.1+/-4.4 vs. -3.1+/-3.9 p<0.001). And Group 1 had larger improvements than Group 2 in Qmax significantly. No difference in PVR in both groups comparing V1 vs. V2 and V1 vs V3. Group 1 had better improved IIEF-5 than Group 2 (V1 vs. V3: 4.8+/-5.8 vs. 4.4+/-5.1; p=0.032). There was no drop out patients due to cardiovascular problems. CONCLUSIONS: Once daily mirodenafil 50mg was more efficacious in treating both ED and LUTS than on-demand dosing mirodenafil 100mg without any complication of cardiovascular problems.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Outpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Treatment Outcome*

From the endoscopists' point of view, although the main focus of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination is the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (usually bulb and 2nd portion including ampulla of Vater), the portions of the upper airway may also be observed during insertion and withdrawal of the endoscope, such as pharynx and larynx. Thus, a variety of pathologic lesions of the upper airway can be encountered during upper endoscopy. Among these lesions, an epiglottic cyst is relatively uncommon. The cyst has no malignant potential and mostly remains asymptomatic in adults. However, if large enough, epiglottic cysts can compromise the airway and can be potentially life-threatening when an emergency endotracheal intubation is needed. Thus, patients may benefit from early detection and treatment of these relatively asymptomatic lesions. In this report, we present a case of epiglottic cyst in an asymptomatic adult incidentally found by family physician during screening endoscopy, which was successfully removed without complication, using a laryngoscopic carbon dioxide laser.
Adult ; Duodenum ; Emergencies ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Larynx ; Lasers, Gas ; Mass Screening* ; Pharynx ; Physicians, Family ; Stomach

For a complete colonoscopic examination, a high intubation rate and a short intubation time have been demanded to colonoscopists, if possible. The aim of the present study was to compare these examination parameters, intubation time and rate, according to the length of colonoscope. A total of 507 healthy Korean subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: intermediate length adult-colonoscope (n=254) and long length adult-colonoscope (n=253). There were significant differences in cecal intubation time and in terminal ileal intubation rate according to the length of the colonoscope. Time-to-cecal intubation was shorter for the intermediate-scope group than for the long-scope group (234.2 +/- 115.0 sec vs 280.7 +/- 135.0 sec, P < 0.001). However, the success rate of terminal ileal intubation was higher in the long-scope group than in the intermediate-scope group (95.3% vs 84.3%, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in other colonoscopic parameters between the two groups. The intermediate length adult-colonoscope decreased the time to reach the cecum, whereas the long-scope showed a success rate of terminal ileal intubation. These findings suggest that it is reasonable to prepare and use these two types of colonoscope appropriate to the needs of the patient and examination, instead of employing only one type of colonoscope.
Adult ; Cecum ; *Colonoscopes ; Colonoscopy/*instrumentation/*methods ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/*instrumentation/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Questionnaires ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVES: Rapid polymerization of overlying composite resin causes high polymerization shrinkage stress at the adhesive layer. In order to alleviate the shrinkage stress, increasing the light intensity over the first 5 seconds was suggested as an exponential curing mode by an LED light curing unit (Elipar FreeLight2, 3M ESPE). In this study, the effectiveness of the exponential curing mode on reducing stress was evaluated with measuring microtensile bond strength of three adhesives after the overlying composite resin was polymerized with either continuous or exponential curing mode. METHODS: Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (MP, 3M ESPE), Single Bond 2 (SB, 3M ESPE), and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE) were applied onto the flat occlusal dentin of extracted human molar. The overlying hybrid composite (Denfil, Vericom, Korea) was cured under one of two exposing modes of the curing unit. At 48h from bonding, microtensile bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The fractured surfaces were observed under FE-SEM. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the microtensile bond strengths of each adhesive between curing methods (Two-way ANOVA, p > 0.05). The microtensile bond strengths of MP and SB were significantly higher than that of AP (p < 0.05). Mixed failures were observed in most of the fractured surfaces, and differences in the failure mode were not observed among groups. CONCLUSION: The exponential curing method had no beneficial effect on the microtensile dentin bond strengths of three adhesives compared to continuous curing method.
Adhesives ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Chimera ; Dentin ; Humans ; Light ; Molar ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Resin Cements

During a composite resin restoration, an anticipating contraction gap is usually tried to seal with low-viscosity resin after successive polishing, etching, rinsing and drying steps, which as a whole is called rebonding procedure. However, the gap might already have been filled with water or debris before applying the sealing resin. We hypothesized that microleakage would decrease if the rebonding agent was applied before the polishing step, i.e., immediately after curing composite resin. On the buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 extracted human molar teeth, class V cavities were prepared withthe occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. They were restored with a hybrid composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE, USA) using an adhesive AdperTM Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE). As rebonding agents, BisCover LV (Bisco, USA), ScotchBond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M ESPE) and an experimental adhesive were applied on the restoration margins before polishing step or after successive polishing and etching steps. The infiltration depth of 2% methylene blue into the margin was measured using an optical stereomicroscope. The correlation between viscosity of rebonding agents and mciroleakage was also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage within the rebonding procedures, within the rebonding agents, and within the margins. However, when the restorations were not rebonded, the microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than those groups rebonded with 3 agents (p < 0.05). The difference was not observed at the occlusal margin. No significant correlation was found between viscosity of rebonding agents and microleakage, except very weak correlation in case of rebonding after polishing and etching at gingival margin (r = -0.326, p = 0.041).
Acrylates ; Adhesives ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Chimera ; Contracts ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Viscosity

Chin ; Facial Bones ; Orthopedics ; Palpation ; Zygoma

Denture, Overlay ; Esthetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Phonetics ; Survival Rate ; Tooth ; Transplants

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the C-factor on the bond strength of a 6th generation self-etching system by measuring the microtensile bond strength of four types of restorations classified by different C-factors with an identical depth of dentin. Eighty human molars were divided into four experimental groups, each of which had a C-factor of 0.25, 2, 3 or 4. Each group was then further divided into four subgroups based on the adhesive and composite resin used. The adhesives used for this study were AQ Bond Plus (Sun Medical, Japan) and Xeno III (DENTSPLY, Germany). And composite resins used were Fantasista (Sun Medical, Japan) and Ceram-X mono (DENTSPLY, Germany). The results were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA, a Tukey's test, and a Pearson's correlation test and were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference among C-factor groups with the exception of groups of Xeno III and Ceram-X mono (p < 0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between any of the adhesives and composite resins in groups with C-factor 0.25, 2 and 4. 3. There was no correlation between the change in C-factor and microtensile bond strength in the Fantasista groups. It was concluded that the C-factor of cavities does not have a significant effect on the microtensile bond strength of the restorations when cavities of the same depth of dentin are restored using composite resin in conjunction with the 6th generation self-etching system.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Molar

PURPOSE: The cartilage lesions of routine MRI (no cartilage-specific image sequences) compared with those of arthroscopy for detecting how much we can predict. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We made a retrospective study of 53 patients with cartilage lesions of medial femoral condyle in the knee arthroscopy from Nov. 2003 to Jan. 2006. We analyzed the extent of agreement in cartilage lesions between arthroscopy and routine MRI using modified Outerbridge classification. RESULTS: All patients were categorized by modified Outerbridge Grade I~IV. In arthroscopy, 3, 4, 24, 22 cases were reported in each category: on routine MRI, 3, 10, 12, 23 cases were reported in each category and there were 5 normal cases. The sensitivity of cartilage lesions on MRI was high (90.6%), however, the agreement of those was low (K=0.24). We found 24 cases (45.2%) that MRI levels and arthroscopy levels were matched. We found 29 cases (54.7%) that those two levels were not matched. CONCLUSION: It is important to make a close inspection of chondral surfaces even in routine MRI. And cartilage lesions in routine MRI should be considered as those of higher grade in arthroscopy.
Arthroscopy* ; Cartilage* ; Classification ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the mode of injury, associated lesions, time of injury, and the checking times of MRI/CT and Bone scans in multiple spine fractures SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: CT was predominantly used to discover and identify the fracture levels of the spine. However, fracture level identification in the entire spine was limited. CT, MRI and Bone scans were used for diagnosing multiple spine fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, 12 patients who had more than level 3 spine fractures were studied. The mode of injury, associated lesions, time of injury, and checking times of MRI/CT and Bone scans were analyzed. RESULTS: The causes of the spinal injuries were from a fall from height, from traffic accidents and from multi-complex forced trauma in 7, 4 and 1 cases, respectively. Most cases had no severe associated lesions. The accuracy of the plain roentgenograms was 26% and that of CT was 35.3%, and the average checking time was 1.5 days. The accuracy of MRI was 100% and the average checking time was 4.3 days. The accuracy of the bone scans was 100%, and the average checking time was 11.7 days. The fracture patterns consisted of 37, 7, 3 and 3 non-compression (74%), compression (14%), burst (6%) and fracture-dislocation types (6%), respectively. The major treatment methods used with these patients were conservative. The treatment methods in 4 cases were with the use posterior instrumentation. CONCLUSIONS: MRI produced more accurate and faster results than the other methods of detection. The accuracy of the plain roentgenograms was 26%, which was relatively inaccurate. Therefore, if the patient complains of multiple back pains, the surgeon must check other diagnostic tools.
Accidents, Traffic ; Back Pain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine* ; Young Adult*