ObjectiveTo optimize Tusizi prescription for ovarian reserve function based on the uniform design method combined with in vitro experiments and explore the underlying mechanisms of this prescription. MethodsThe uniform design method was adopted to design a 5-factor 11-level experiment on the water extract of Tusizi prescription. The cell-counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was employed to measure the viability of human ovarian granulosa cells （KGN cells） treated with Tusizi prescription extracts 1-11， and multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the optimal herb ratio in this prescription. The potential targets of active ingredients in the prescription were retrieved from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） and encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine （ETCM）. The common targets shared by Tusizi prescription and diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） were selected and imported into search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins （STRING） to construct a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and into gene function annotation database （DAVID） for gene ontology （GO） analysis. The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of ovarian germline stem cells treated with hyperoside. The CCK-8 assay， 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining， terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） were employed to examine the proliferation， apoptosis， and estradiol （E₂） secretion of KGN cells treated with the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design. On this basis， the optimal prescription composition for maximizing the effect on ovarian reserve function was determined and preliminary insights into the underlying mechanisms of this prescription were gained. ResultsA total of 147 common targets were obtained from 278 targets of Tusizi prescription and 1 721 targets of DOR. GO analysis revealed 194 biological processes， primarily involving cellular responses to exogenous compound stimuli， negative regulation of apoptotic process， and positive regulation of cell proliferation. It identified 84 cellular components， including cell membrane， mitochondria， and neuronal cell body， as well as 144 molecular functions such as enzyme binding， estrogen response element binding， and nuclear estrogen receptor binding. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that when Tusizi prescription was composed of Cuscutae Semen， Lycii Fructus， Dioscoreae Rhizoma， Poria， and Nelumbinis Semen in a ratio of 27∶30∶17∶12∶14， the water extract of Tusizi prescription had the best effect of enhancing the viability of KGN cells. CCK-8 results showed that compared with the normal group， the hyperoside group demonstrated increased viability of ovarian germline stem cells （P<0.01）. The CCK-8， EdU， and ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the optimal prescription screened by uniform design and the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription increased the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of KGN cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription promoted the E₂ secretion of KGN cells （P<0.05）， while the optimal prescription screened by uniform design had no significant effect on the E₂ secretion. ConclusionBoth the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 27∶30∶17∶12∶14） can improve the ovarian reserve function， and the former has better effect. Tusizi prescription can modulate biological processes （such as cell proliferation and apoptosis） and molecular functions （such as enzyme binding and estrogen response element binding） through active components like hyperoside to promote the proliferation and E₂ secretion and inhibit the apoptosis of KGN cells， thereby protecting the ovarian reserve function.

ObjectiveTo optimize Tusizi prescription for ovarian reserve function based on the uniform design method combined with in vitro experiments and explore the underlying mechanisms of this prescription. MethodsThe uniform design method was adopted to design a 5-factor 11-level experiment on the water extract of Tusizi prescription. The cell-counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was employed to measure the viability of human ovarian granulosa cells （KGN cells） treated with Tusizi prescription extracts 1-11， and multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the optimal herb ratio in this prescription. The potential targets of active ingredients in the prescription were retrieved from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） and encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine （ETCM）. The common targets shared by Tusizi prescription and diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） were selected and imported into search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins （STRING） to construct a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and into gene function annotation database （DAVID） for gene ontology （GO） analysis. The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of ovarian germline stem cells treated with hyperoside. The CCK-8 assay， 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining， terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） were employed to examine the proliferation， apoptosis， and estradiol （E₂） secretion of KGN cells treated with the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design. On this basis， the optimal prescription composition for maximizing the effect on ovarian reserve function was determined and preliminary insights into the underlying mechanisms of this prescription were gained. ResultsA total of 147 common targets were obtained from 278 targets of Tusizi prescription and 1 721 targets of DOR. GO analysis revealed 194 biological processes， primarily involving cellular responses to exogenous compound stimuli， negative regulation of apoptotic process， and positive regulation of cell proliferation. It identified 84 cellular components， including cell membrane， mitochondria， and neuronal cell body， as well as 144 molecular functions such as enzyme binding， estrogen response element binding， and nuclear estrogen receptor binding. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that when Tusizi prescription was composed of Cuscutae Semen， Lycii Fructus， Dioscoreae Rhizoma， Poria， and Nelumbinis Semen in a ratio of 27∶30∶17∶12∶14， the water extract of Tusizi prescription had the best effect of enhancing the viability of KGN cells. CCK-8 results showed that compared with the normal group， the hyperoside group demonstrated increased viability of ovarian germline stem cells （P<0.01）. The CCK-8， EdU， and ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the optimal prescription screened by uniform design and the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription increased the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of KGN cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the normal group， the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription promoted the E₂ secretion of KGN cells （P<0.05）， while the optimal prescription screened by uniform design had no significant effect on the E₂ secretion. ConclusionBoth the water extract 11 of Tusizi prescription （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 4∶4∶2∶1∶1） and the optimal prescription screened by uniform design （Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria-Nelumbinis Semen 27∶30∶17∶12∶14） can improve the ovarian reserve function， and the former has better effect. Tusizi prescription can modulate biological processes （such as cell proliferation and apoptosis） and molecular functions （such as enzyme binding and estrogen response element binding） through active components like hyperoside to promote the proliferation and E₂ secretion and inhibit the apoptosis of KGN cells， thereby protecting the ovarian reserve function.

Objective To analyze the detection rate and risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A total of 308 patients with AECOPD hospitalized at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were selected from October 2020 to October 2023 as the research subjects. The incidence of pulmonary infections was analyzed, and univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors of pulmonary infections. Results Among the 308 patients with AECOPD, 155 cases (50.32%) had pulmonary infection and were selected as the infected group, and 153 cases without pulmonary infection were included in the uninfected group. There were no obvious differences in gender, body mass index, education level, drinking history, hypertension, heart failure and malnutrition between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in age, hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation history, smoking history, glucocorticoid use time, and diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the ORs of pulmonary infection risk in AECOPD patients with age ≥ 60 years old, hospitalization time ≥ 14 days, mechanical ventilation history, glucocorticoid use time ≥ 7 days, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were 2.740 (1.024-7.330), 4.586 (2.318-9.071), 3.971 (1.806-8.731), 3.264 (1.419-7.508), 2.680 (1.012-7.100), and 2.826 (1.156-6.909), respectively. Conclusion The risk of pulmonary infection is high in AECOPD patients, which is influenced by factors such as age, hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation history, smoking history, and glucocorticoid use time. Clinical screening should be focused on the above indicators and active prevention and treatment measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of pulmonary infection.

Abstract In order to understand and analyze the current standards and application of school desks and chairs for primary and secondary schools, and to promote the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students. The article conducts a comprehensive review of the functional and dimensional standards for school furniture both domestically and internationally, and objectively analyzes the current utilization and existing issues concerning desks and chairs in schools. It further explores the multifaceted factors that influence the allocation of desks and chairs, and proposes effective countermeasures, so as to provide a reference for the risk factors of common diseases related to desks and chairs, such as myopia and abnormal spinal curvature.

Objective: To identify an optimal back-flush solution for leukocyte-depleted filters that maximizes peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) recovery with high viability, long-term storage stability, and sterility of the harvested residues, thereby providing a clinically translatable strategy. Methods: Three sterile bag-packaged solutions—Saline, Solvent, and Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS)—were used to back-flush randomly assigned leukocyte-depleted filters. Nucleated cell recovery rate and viability of the harvested residues were compared. The optimal solution identified was applied to an expanded sample set. PBMC viability and yield were evaluated after 1h vs 48h storage of the residues. PBMCs isolated from the residues were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1 month, followed by post-thaw comparisons of viability and T-cell expansion capacity. Results: The Solvent group achieved the highest and most consistent nucleated cell recovery rate. Post-flush recovery rate from filters after 400 mL whole blood processing was (21.3±1.6)% for the Solvent group, significantly higher than Saline group (19.2±6.3)% and HBSS group (11.2±5.0)%, with residues from all groups maintaining viability >90%. No biologically significant difference in residue viability was observed between 48h vs 1h storage groups (93.3±2.3)% vs (95.7±1.8)%). PBMC recovery rates from residues showed no statistical difference between 48h vs 1h storage groups [(48.2%±9.5%)vs (40.41%±8.35%), P>0.05], with (17.7±2.6)×10 cells. After 1-month cryopreservation and 10-day expansion, PBMCs isolated from 48-hour-stored residues retained (91.2±3.2)% viability and achieved a (61.9±15.9)-fold expansion. Conclusion: The bag-packaged Solvent, as a back-flush solution, enables sterile acquisition of leukocyte-depleted filter residues through closed-system tubing connections. These residues maintained PBMC viability and recovery rates after 48h storage at 2℃-8℃, with post-cryopreservation (1-month liquid nitrogen) viability and expansion capacity remaining stable. This protocol complies with blood bank regulatory criteria, addresses the concerns about the infectious window period in cell therapy raw materials, and provides a clinically translatable strategy for PBMC-based applications.

Objective: To compare the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on core symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Sixty children with ADHD diagnosed by the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were randomly divided into methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups. Core symptoms were assessed using the Parent Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT). Behavioral and emotional problems were administered via the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and executive function was evaluated utilizing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test (DST). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 to identify discrepancies. Results: When contrasted with the methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups at 12 weeks, their mean efficiency was no significant disparity (p>0.05). Notable statistical differences were evident in IVA-CPT, the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity of SNAP-IV, and the psychosomatic disorder, anxiety, and hyperactivity-impulsivity of PSQ (p<0.05), yet in hyperactivity index, conduct, and learning difficulties of PSQ (p>0.05). No statistical significance was attributed to DST and the number of completed categories in WCST (p>0.05) but to response errors and perseverative errors (p<0.05). Conclusion Although both methylphenidate and atomoxetine are capable of effectively ameliorating ADHD, methylphenidate demonstrates a superior ability to improve core symptoms of ADHD, as well as address conduct problems, cognitive transfer abilities, and frontal lobe function in pediatric patients. Conversely, atomoxetine is the best choice for cases comorbid with anxiety.

Objective: To compare the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on core symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Sixty children with ADHD diagnosed by the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were randomly divided into methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups. Core symptoms were assessed using the Parent Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT). Behavioral and emotional problems were administered via the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and executive function was evaluated utilizing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test (DST). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 to identify discrepancies. Results: When contrasted with the methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups at 12 weeks, their mean efficiency was no significant disparity (p>0.05). Notable statistical differences were evident in IVA-CPT, the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity of SNAP-IV, and the psychosomatic disorder, anxiety, and hyperactivity-impulsivity of PSQ (p<0.05), yet in hyperactivity index, conduct, and learning difficulties of PSQ (p>0.05). No statistical significance was attributed to DST and the number of completed categories in WCST (p>0.05) but to response errors and perseverative errors (p<0.05). Conclusion Although both methylphenidate and atomoxetine are capable of effectively ameliorating ADHD, methylphenidate demonstrates a superior ability to improve core symptoms of ADHD, as well as address conduct problems, cognitive transfer abilities, and frontal lobe function in pediatric patients. Conversely, atomoxetine is the best choice for cases comorbid with anxiety.

Objective: To compare the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on core symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Sixty children with ADHD diagnosed by the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were randomly divided into methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups. Core symptoms were assessed using the Parent Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT). Behavioral and emotional problems were administered via the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and executive function was evaluated utilizing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test (DST). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 to identify discrepancies. Results: When contrasted with the methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups at 12 weeks, their mean efficiency was no significant disparity (p>0.05). Notable statistical differences were evident in IVA-CPT, the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity of SNAP-IV, and the psychosomatic disorder, anxiety, and hyperactivity-impulsivity of PSQ (p<0.05), yet in hyperactivity index, conduct, and learning difficulties of PSQ (p>0.05). No statistical significance was attributed to DST and the number of completed categories in WCST (p>0.05) but to response errors and perseverative errors (p<0.05). Conclusion Although both methylphenidate and atomoxetine are capable of effectively ameliorating ADHD, methylphenidate demonstrates a superior ability to improve core symptoms of ADHD, as well as address conduct problems, cognitive transfer abilities, and frontal lobe function in pediatric patients. Conversely, atomoxetine is the best choice for cases comorbid with anxiety.

Objective: To compare the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on core symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Sixty children with ADHD diagnosed by the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were randomly divided into methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups. Core symptoms were assessed using the Parent Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT). Behavioral and emotional problems were administered via the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and executive function was evaluated utilizing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test (DST). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 to identify discrepancies. Results: When contrasted with the methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups at 12 weeks, their mean efficiency was no significant disparity (p>0.05). Notable statistical differences were evident in IVA-CPT, the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity of SNAP-IV, and the psychosomatic disorder, anxiety, and hyperactivity-impulsivity of PSQ (p<0.05), yet in hyperactivity index, conduct, and learning difficulties of PSQ (p>0.05). No statistical significance was attributed to DST and the number of completed categories in WCST (p>0.05) but to response errors and perseverative errors (p<0.05). Conclusion Although both methylphenidate and atomoxetine are capable of effectively ameliorating ADHD, methylphenidate demonstrates a superior ability to improve core symptoms of ADHD, as well as address conduct problems, cognitive transfer abilities, and frontal lobe function in pediatric patients. Conversely, atomoxetine is the best choice for cases comorbid with anxiety.

To summarise the clinical experience of treating insomnia with the method of resolving depression， regulating the middle， and tranquilising mind. It is believed that the key to the pathogenesis of insomnia lies in qi depression， disharmony of qi pivot， and disharmony of qi and blood， and the core treatment is to resolve depression， regulating the middle， and tranquilising mind. The self-prescribed Jieyu Anmian Formula （解郁安眠方） could be used as the basic treatment， then modified according to the performance of the patient and syndromes. For syndrome of liver depression restricting spleen， the treatment should soothe liver and invigorate spleen， resolve depression and regulate the middle； for syndrome of liver depression and phlegm coagulation， the treatment should resolve depression and phlegm， support the earth and free the wood； for syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire， the treatment should soothe liver and clear fire， resolve depression and dysphoria； for syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis， the treatment should activate blood and regulate the middle， resolve depression and tranquilise mind.